If it is stored on rom chips,it comes into operation as soon as

the computer is switched on. Often,however,it is stored on a disc

and must be loaded into the main memory before any other operati-

ons can be carried out. Table shows some common operating systems.

ЪДДДДДДДДДДДДВДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДВДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДї

- 41 -

і System і Meaning і Type of computer і

іДДДДДДДДДДДДЕДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДЕДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДґ

і CP/M і Control Program і Micro і

і і for Microcomputers і і

ГДДДДДДДДДДДДЕДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДЕДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДґ

і MSDOS і Micro Soft Disc і Micro і

і і Operating System і і

ГДДДДДДДДДДДДЕДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДЕДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДґ

і UNIX і ----- і Mini і

ГДДДДДДДДДДДДЕДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДЕДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДґ

і VME і Virtual Machine і Mainframe і

і і Environment і і

АДДДДДДДДДДДДБДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДБДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДЩ

Utility programs are small systems programs which perform

one simple task. Some utilities perform common tasks known as ho-

usekeeping routines. These inclu4141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141414141

Information.

Language translators form a third type of systems program.

Their function is to translate programs written in various compu-

ter languages into machine code. They also perform functions such

as giving error messages if synatax errors occur in a program and

displaying listing of programs on a VDU screen when requested.

Language translators include assemblers,compilers and interpre-

ters.

A database management system (DBMS) is a set of systems

programs which allow the data from a database to be used by a

number of different applications programs. It includes facilities

for ensuring the independence , integrity and security of data.

- 42 -

Task 4

Working together with your partner,complete this diagram

using the correct terms from the text above

Systems programs

і

ЪДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДБВДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДї

і і і

ЪДДДДДДДБДДДДДДї ЪДДДДДДДДБДДДДДДДДї Language

і1 і і2 і translators

АДДДДДДДВДДДДДДЩ АДДДДДДДДВДДДДДДДДЩ і

і і ЪДДДДДДДДБДДДДДДї

e.g.UNIX e.g.EDITOR e.gі3 і

АДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДЩ

Study these statements:

1. Integrated packages have a number of programs combined in one

package.

2. Applications programs can be put onto ROM chips.

We can add a purpose to each statement in two ways:

1. Integrated packages have a number of programs combined in one

package so that the same data can shared by them all.

2. Applications programs can also be put onto ROM chips to make

them immediately available to the user.

Task 5

Link each statement in Column A with a purpose from Column B.

A B

1 Applications programs are a produce detailed

designed for general use graphics

2 Custom programs are sometimes b provide easy access to a

specially written by the user range of programs

3 A program library is often kept c the user can `draw` on

in backing store the screen

- 43 -

4 A word processor justifies each d suit a particular

line of text situation

5 A high resolution monitor is e they can be used in many

used different situations

6 A graphics terminal includes f they will form a straight

a lightpen edge

Task 6

Write your answers to Task 5 as complete sentences.

For example,

1 e Applications programes are designed for general use so that

they can be used in many different situations.

Task 7

Study the below Fig. It shows the personnel employed in a

large computer installation. Try to guess some of their duties.

DATA PROCESSING MANAGER 1

і

ЪДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДВДДДДДДБДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДї

і і і

SYSTEMS ANALYSTS 2 CHIEF PROGRAMMER 3 OPERATIONS MANAGER 4

і і

ЪДДДДДДДДДДДДДБДДДДДДДДДДДї і

і і і

APPLICATIONS SYSTEMS і

PROGRAMMERS 5 PROGRAMMERS 6 і

ЪДДДДДДДДДДДДДВДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДДВДДДДДДДДДДДДДБДДДДї

і і і і

SHIFT DATA PREPARATION FILE DATA

LEADERS 7 SUPERVISOR 8 LIBRARIAN 9 CONTROLLER 10

і і і

і і і

COMPUTER KEYBOARD DATA CONTROL

OPERATORS 11 OPERATORS 12 CLERKS 13

- 44 -

1 ДДДДДДДДДДД 2 ДДДДДДДДДДД 3 ДДДДДДДДДДД 4 ДДДДДДДДДД

ДДДДДДДДДДД ДДДДДДДДДДД ДДДДДДДДДДД ДДДДДДДДДД

ДДДДДДДДДДД ДДДДДДДДДДД ДДДДДДДДДДД ДДДДДДДДДД

ДДДДДДДДДДД ДДДДДДДДДДД ДДДДДДДДДДД ДДДДДДДДДД

5 ДДДДДДДДДДД 6 ДДДДДДДДДДД 7 ДДДДДДДДДДД 8 ДДДДДДДДДД

ДДДДДДДДДДД ДДДДДДДДДДД ДДДДДДДДДДД ДДДДДДДДДД

ДДДДДДДДДДД ДДДДДДДДДДД ДДДДДДДДДДД ДДДДДДДДДД

ДДДДДДДДДДД ДДДДДДДДДДД ДДДДДДДДДДД ДДДДДДДДДД

9 ДДДДДДДДДДД 10 ДДДДДДДДДДД 11 ДДДДДДДДДДД 12 ДДДДДДДДДД

ДДДДДДДДДДД ДДДДДДДДДДД ДДДДДДДДДДД ДДДДДДДДДД

ДДДДДДДДДДД ДДДДДДДДДДД ДДДДДДДДДДД ДДДДДДДДДД

ДДДДДДДДДДД ДДДДДДДДДДД ДДДДДДДДДДД ДДДДДДДДДД

13 ДДДДДДДДДДД

ДДДДДДДДДДД

ДДДДДДДДДДД

ДДДДДДДДДДД

Task 8

Work in pairs, A and B. If working alone, do both parts.

Student A Student B

Read the text to find Read the text to find

out the duties of these out the duties of these

personnel. personnel.

1 processing manager 1 systems analyst

2 applications programmer 2 systems programmer

3 data preparation supervisor 3 computer operator

4 data control clerk 4 file librarian

WRITING

Task 9

Study this description of a Systems Analyst.

The job of a Systems Analyst is to study existing systems

- 45 -

and advise on how they can be put onto a computer. A Systems Ana-

lyst is responsible for designing new systems and putting them

into operation. His or her work may also involve training staff

and preparing instruction manuals.

Using your notes together with any other information you can

find,write a similar description of the work a Programmer (both

Systems and Applications).

UNIT TWELVE

A P P L I C A T I O N S P R O G R A M S

Task 1

try to answer these questions.

1 Where can applications programs be stored?

2 What is a menu?

Read the below quickly to check your answers or to find the

correct answers.

Applications programs can be held in backing store on a mag-

netic disc or tape. However,before a program can be put into ope-

ration,it must first be loaded into the RAM area of the compu-

ter's main memory. This must be done each time a program is used.

Alternatively,applications programs can be stored on ROM

chips. These are plugged into sockets in the ROM area of the com-

puter's main memory. Since the programs are resident in the main

memory,the user can put any program into operation immediately,by

inputting a special command.

Some applications programs are command driven and others are

menu driven. When a command driven program is being executed,it

is controlled by commands keyed in by the user. A menu driven

program,however,displays a menu or list of choices,on the VDU

screen.

MENU

- 46 -

1. Load Text

2. Run Program

3. Save Text

Input your choice (1-3)

The user controls the program by choosing one item from the

menu. This can be done using the keyboard,a mouse,a lightpen or

some other input device.

Task 2

Work in pairs. If working alone, do both parts.

Read the below Text to find out about these features of word

processing programs.

Student A Student B

1. word-wrap 1. editing facilities

2. embedded codes 2. spelling checker

3. justification 3. mail merging

When you have finished, share your information with your

partner so that you both understand these features.

Word processing programs are used for the preparation and

editing of letters and other documents.

The text is keyed in using the keyboard but it is not prin-

ted onto paper directly. Instead, it is displayed on the VDU

screen and stored in the computer`s memory. This allows the text

to be edited before it is printed out in its final form.

As the text is being input, if there is not enough space

left on a line to display the next complete word, it is automati-

cally moved to the beginning of the next line. This word-wrap fa-

cility makes inputting a text much easier than using a typewriter

where the typist has to judge when to begin a new line.

Useful information, such as the number of words in the text,

the amount of space remaining in the memory and the typing speed,

can be displayed on the screen while the text is being keyed in.