Read the text and choose the correct verb forms.
Why losers in life have smell of failure
Scientists have discovered that people’s sense of smell can make the difference between success and failure. The influence can be so powerful that once a particular smell (1) becomes/became associated with failure any future exposure can turn winners into losers.
Scientists at a scientific center in Philadelphia (2) succcedod/wcre succeeded in proving this idea by putting volunteers inside a maze (лабиринт) to see if they were able to find their way cut. While they (3) tried/were trying to solve the problem, they didn’t know that they (4) were been/were being exposed to a flower scent. What they also did not know was that it was an impossible maze and that they (5) have been/ were bound to fail (были обречены на неудачу).
Some time later, the volunteers (6) took /were taking another, but this time solvable test; some were exposed to the same smell, and others to another smell or no smell at all.
Dr Ruth Hertz, who (7) leaded/led the research, said: “We found that those who were exposed to the same smell as for the maze task (8) performed /have performed significantly worse. The feeling of failure induced (вызванное) by the smell led them to perform below their natural ability in the second and solvabe test. Our results suggest that smells that (9) have acquired/acquired specific emotional responses can change behaviour and performance.”
Dr Hert/ and her team (10) are now working/have been working on the smell of success. The idea is that if the smell of failure can turn people nto losers, then a smell associated with success could turn losers into winners. “If you had the smell that (11) was associated/is associated with success and achievement it could be used later to motivate people." she said.
(Adapted from The Indeperdent 16 November 1999)
A. Read the newspaper reports about three celebrities and match them with their headings.
1
.
Long-a-waited
success 2. Strange changc 3. Proof of the American dream
A A Michigan-born superstar Madonna is slowly but surely turning English. She has bought a S2 million house in London and is looking for an English school for her daughter, Lourdes. Her latest boyfriend is the English director Guy Ritchie, and even her accent has become more noticeable. “I'm having a love affair with England." she admits. “I feel inspired when I’m there. I love to take a walk to a nice pub." She also enjoys getting away from Hollywood’s celebrities. “There's.nothing I hate more than actors or singers or performers sitting down and talking about their work. I just find it deadly dull.”
{25 Feb. 2000 The Week)
A Hollywood actress Ashley Judd was born to a dirt-poor family who fought for life in the Kentucky backwoods. Her father walked out when she was four, leaving them with so littte money that they had to make their own soap. Ten years later, Ashley's mother Naomi and older sister Wynona teamed up as country and western singers to make some money — and became one of the biggest acts in the country, selling over 20 million records. Meanwhile, Ashley drove a truck 2,000 miles to Hollywood, determined to become a star in her own right. And it certainly paid off. She now
c
ommands
$8 million a picture. Fame may be a “mixed
burden",
thing about being a movie star is that vou can usually get something nice to eat.”
(21 Jan. 2000 The Week)
A
С
novelist Frank McCourt had a miserable childhood in Ireland hoping to find his fortune in America. He had no qualifications and looked quite hideous, with pus-filled eyes and rotten teeth. He was clever enough to get into university, though, and to become a school teacher. All the time, his story was waiting to be told. “I couldn’t have written about my mother while she was alive. She hated me uncovering the past: the only place for confession is to a priest, she thought.*When he did finally produce his memoir, Angela's Ashes, it sold over six million copies in 30 countries and made him a rich man. McCourt finds all the attention a bit much. “Thirty years as a teacher nobody paid me a scrap of attention.” he sighs. “Then I write a bestselling book and suddenly you are an expert on everything.”
(21 Jan. 2000 The Week)