- •Рецензент т.А. Третьякова, доц., канд. Пед. Наук Відповідальний за випуск т.А.Третьякова, доц., канд. Пед. Наук
- •Gardening
- •Introduction
- •Vocabulary
- •4. Translate into Ukrainian paying attention to the Participles:
- •1. Read the text again and answer the questions:
- •2. Make a summary of the text making use of the following prompts:
- •6. Fill in the blanks with suitable words from the active vocabulary:
- •7. Study the material in the box and translate the sentences paying attention to the function of the italicized words:
- •2. Explain the meaning of the words annuals, biennials and perennials.
- •3. Name the types of gardens mentioned in the text. Speak on each type.
- •4. Make a summary of the text using of the following prompts:
- •Vocabulary
- •7. Say which word or a group of words in the following statements are wrong:
- •1. Find in the text verbs in the Passive Voice. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •2. Determine the tense of the predicates and translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
- •1. Read the text again and answer the following questions:
- •2. Make a summary of the text. Use the questions above as a plan.
- •Vocabulary
- •6. Match the words that go together:
- •7. Which word or word combination in each line is odd?
- •1. Read the text again and answer the following questions:
- •2. Summarise the text in your own language.
- •3. Comment on the proverb: As you sow you shall mow.
- •4. Find the odd word out:
- •5. Match the words that go together:
- •1. Tell your group-mates what a good gardener should know about watering. Use the following phrases as prompts:
- •5. Translate the following words with the help of a dictionary:
- •6. Translate the sentences paying attention to the meaning of the italicised words:
- •1. Find in the text sentences containing the Gerund. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •2. Translate the sentences paying attention to the use of Gerund after prepositions:
- •1. Read the text again and answer the following questions:
- •2. Summarize the text first in your own language, then – in English.
- •1. Using your dictionary give more examples of plants that
- •2. Explain what “deadheading” is. What is this technique used for?
- •3. Explain why gardeners prune shrubs and trees.
- •1. In the text the Infinitive of Purpose is used five times. Find it and translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •1. Make a summary of the text.
- •Botanical garden
- •Lanscape architecture
- •Introduction
- •5. Complete the following sentences with one word from the text:
- •I. Give the definition of Landscape Architecture.
- •2. Write 7-10 questions to the text. Retell the text using your questions as a plan.
- •Vocabulary
- •5. Find which word does not go with the group:
- •6. Fill in synonyms:
- •7. Complete the following sentences:
- •I. Imagine that you are a landscape architect. Make a list of factors you need to take into consideration to carry out a project.
- •4. Complete the following sentences:
- •1. Read the text again and answer the following questions:
- •Vocabulary
- •4. The word well is used in the text in two different meanings. Translate the word into Ukrainian.
- •1. Translate the following sentences, which contain relative clauses. Remember that which can be used to refer either to the thing being spoken about or to the whole previous sentence or idea.
- •5. In the text the italicised sentences are relative clauses; translate them into Ukrainian.
- •1. Read the text again and answer the following questions:
- •4.Complete the following sentences:
- •Introduction
- •Vocabulary
- •4. Fill in the synonyms:
- •5. Use the following verbs to speak about
- •1. Read the text again and answer the following questions:
- •1. Make a summary of the text.
- •Vocabulary
- •Greenhouse
- •Vocabulary
- •Plant breeding
- •Introduction
- •Forestry
- •Introduction
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Poisonous plants
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •Diseases of plants
- •Introduction
- •Vocabulary
- •Viral infections
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Work in groups. Choose one plant disease and tell your classmates about it.
- •1. Before you read
- •2. Read the article carefully and say if there are answers to your questions in it. Nipping common gardening mistakes in the bud
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •3. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •4. In the article find the words which mean the following. An example is given.
- •5. Explain the meaning of the following word combinations. An example is given.
- •6. Complete the following sentences:
- •7. Here are the answers to some questions about common gardening mistakes and the ways to avoid them.
- •8. Imagine you are an expert in horticulture. Give advice to a beginner on the following:
- •1. Before you read
- •2. Read the text to find out if you were right. Bonsai
- •Vocabulary
- •3. Find the stem in the following words; point out prefixes and suffixes. Translate the words into Ukrainian.
- •4. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •5. Choose suitable headings for the seven sections of the text from this list. There is one heading you do not need to use. Write the section numbers in the spaces.
- •6. Fill in the prepositions:
- •7. Read the following text . Fill in each gap with one suitable word from the list:
- •8. Reread both texts about bonsai and answer the following questions:
- •1. Before you read
- •2. Read the article and say which words from exercise 1 are in each text. What are the bad effects of each plant? What are the good effects? three plants that changed the world tobacco
- •3. In the text find as many passive constructions as you can. Translate them into Ukrainian.
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •5. What do you think?
- •Plant life
- •Vocabulary
- •Sunflower
- •Vocabulary
- •Radiant charm of the ginkgo
- •Vocabulary
5. Complete the following sentences with one word from the text:
1. Natural (topographical) features are : rivers, ponds, hills and .........................
2. Cultivated (growing) things include: grass, flowers, trees and .............................
3. Constructed elements are: buildings, terraces, fountains, statuary, roads and ...........................
4. Besides natural, growing or constructed elements, a landscape architect should take into consideration contour,
surrounding areas and ................................
5. The landscape architect receives a .................. directly from the client.
Speech exercises
I. Give the definition of Landscape Architecture.
2. Write 7-10 questions to the text. Retell the text using your questions as a plan.
PRINCIPLES
Whatever the scale of the project, the landscape architect first studies the site. Working alone or with a town planner, traffic engineer, or building architect, as the project requires, the landscape architect considers the proposed use for the site(1). Other considerations are the layout of the terrain, climate and soil conditions, and costs. Once this information is known, the landscape architect proceeds to actual design.
An overall plan is established, which might be a formal garden based on a symmetrical arrangement of geometric beds or an informal arrangement of planting to make as much use as possible of the natural characteristics of the site(2). A plan might also be for a Japanese garden emphasizing asymmetrical placement of rocks(3) and sand, for a desert garden, or for a simplified massing of naturalistic shrubbery.
The landscape architect's plan takes into account(4) proportion and scale. A small walled garden, for example, is scaled to the close-range view of its occupant(5); a large park, however, benefits from spacious vistas and massive groupings of trees. The plan also takes advantage of(6) natural land formations, such as hills or pools, or alters them. The plan may provide for subdivisions of space, whether these are a series of enclosures containing different colors or other variations or are loosely defined areas that flow into one another.
The landscape architect also considers contrasts in shady masses and open, sunny spaces, especially in relation to the climate. Contrasts in the size, color, and texture of plant material are also important. Planting may be designed according to season so that different parts of a garden bloom at different times. A successful plan also requires knowledge of plant characteristics, needs, and limitations. Other elements in a landscape architect's plan may be fountains, streams, and pools; sculpture and benches; walls, walks, and terraces; and small structures such
as gazebos, kiosks, and trellises.
Notes
1. the landscape architect considers the proposed use of the site – ландшафтний архітектор обмірковує, як можна використати запропоновану ділянку
2. to make as much use as possible – щоб якнайкраще використати природні властивості даного місця
3. A plan might also be for a Japanese garden emphasizing asymmetrical placement of rocks – план може схилятися до японського саду, що підкреслює асиметричне розміщення скель
4. takes into account – враховує
5. is scaled to the close-range view of its occupant – розташовується так, щоб цілком бути у полі зору свого мешканця
6. takes advantage – вигідно використовує