
- •Part iі
- •Lesson 1 Agriculture. The branch structure
- •Lesson 2 Agriculture In Ukraine
- •Lesson 3 Agriculture in Great Britain
- •Lesson 4 Economics. “What is Economics about?”
- •Lesson 5 Economics. Microeconomics. Macroeconomics
- •Lesson 6 Economy of Ukraine
- •Lesson 7 Economy of Great Britain
- •Lesson 8 Accounting. The purpose of accounting
- •Lesson 9 The essence of the accounting
- •Lesson 10 The principles of accounting
- •Lesson 11 The subject of accounting
- •Lesson 12 The method of accounting
- •Lesson 13 Accounting documents
- •Lesson 14 Classification of accounting documents
- •Lesson 15 Balance sheet
- •Lesson 16 Balance sheet. Sections and articles of the balance
- •Lesson 17 Bookeeping accounts
- •Lesson 18 Kinds of activity enterprises
- •Lesson 19 The economic processes
- •Lesson 20 Financial results of enterprise activity
- •Lesson 21 Accounting Registers
- •Lesson 22 The forms of accounting
- •Lesson 23 Financial Reporting
- •English-Ukrainian Vocabulary
Lesson 9 The essence of the accounting
Ex.1. Read and translate the text.
The essence of the accounting
The accounting is a method of documentary monitoring, reflecting, and controlling for economic and financial activity of the manufacturers and businessmen (enterprises, organizations, lease ventures, joint ventures, joint stock companies, etc.), as well as a system of collection, measurement, processing, interpretation and transmission of information about economic activity of the enterprise, institution, organisation to the internal and external users to make optimal decisions. Accounting is conducted in cost, natural and labour measurers. It is based on strict observance of documentation and is carried out on the basis of state legal acts that is on the basis of the legal factors.
Accounting is the process of identifying, measuring, registration, collection, compilation, storage and transmission of information about the activity of the enterprises to the external and internal users to make decisions.
Accounting is divided into two types: financial (its purpose is to provide information of the external customers) and management (it ensures the collection and processing of information in accordance with the needs of the internal consumers).
Management accounting provides the enterprise’ administration by different information, especially about production process with the purpose of operative management and control for the production cost.
Financial (bookkeeping) accounting provides information about the financial state of the enterprise to enterprise’ administration, owners, investors, state and other interested internal and external users. Within the financial accounting in the developed countries the government sets the tax rules, which are used to provide the information to the state tax authorities and the enterprise’ administration on the calculation and payment of taxes.
VOCABULARY:
monitoring compilation
lease ventures storage
joint ventures production cost
joint stock companies tax
processing tax authorities
transmission calculation
institution especially
measurer strict observance
Ex.2. Answer the questions.
What is accounting?
What are the measurers of accounting?
What is the basis of accounting?
What types of accounting are there?
What does management accounting provide?
What does financial accounting provide?
Ex.3. Match the words from column “A” with the words from column “B” as in the text.
“A” “B”
documentary ventures
lease activity
joint users
economic monitoring
internal stock companies
natural factors
strict information
legal cost
processing of measurers
production observance
financial authorities
tax state
Ex.4. Find in the text English equivalents of the following Russian word combinations.
Документальне спостереження; фінансова діяльність виробників; система збирання інформації; передача інформації про господарську діяльність підприємства; для прийняття оптимальних рішень; суворе дотримання документації; зовнішнім та внутрішнім користувачам; з метою оперативного управління; фінансовий стан підприємства.
Ex.5. Translate into English.
Бухгалтерський облік - це спосіб документального спостереження, відображення й контролю за господарською і фінансовою діяльністю виробників і господарників.
Облік ведеться у вартісному, натуральному та трудовому вимірниках.
Бухгалтерський облік - це процес виявлення, вимірювання, реєстрації, накопичення, узагальнення, зберігання та передачі інформації про діяльність підприємства.
Бухоблік поділяють на два види: фінансовий та управлінський.
Управлінський облік надає керівництву підприємства різноманітну інформацію.
Фінансовий (бухгалтерський) облік надає інформацію про фінансовий стан підприємства.