Тренировочные упражнения

Упражнение 1.

Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения.

1. If present day glaciers were to melt and release their storage of water, sea level would rise by several tens of meters and submerge many heavily populated coastal areas.

2. If it were not for beach drift and long shore currents, many beaches would be nearly sandless.

3. Without carbon dioxide and methane current temperatures in northern parts of North America and Europe would be cooler by 3 or 4 degrees Celsius and incipient ice age would have begun several thousand years ago.

4. If we could provide seasonal or longer climate outlooks with 100% reliability, there would be little need for the use of past weather and climate data.

5. Were the Earth a colder object like Pluto, it would not matter how much water there was on the planet, it would all be frozen. On the other hand, were we on a very hot planet, all of the water would be in a gaseous state.

Упражнение 2.

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. In many places, if you looked at a vertical cross-section of the earth you would see that rock is laid down in layers, especially in areas of sedimentary rocks.

2. If you stopped adding water, the top sponge would dry up and, as the water dripped out of the bottom sponge, it would dry up too.

3. If all bedrock consisted of a dense material like solid granite, then even gravity would have a hard time pulling water downward.

4. If only man could suddenly stop contaminating rivers, then with time water could return to its natural purity.

5. If the aquifer that underlies the High Plains of Texas and New Mexico – an area of slight precipitation – was emptied, it would take centuries to refill the aquifer at the present small rate of replenishment.

6. Even if we take the total energy from the solar constant spread over the full surface area of Earth, the emission must be in the infrared.

Упражнение 3.

Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык.

1. If no attempt is made to measure the velocity in the low-velocity layer directly, depth calculations should be made by the critical distance method.

2. If the problem is complex, it is wise to analyze the data by several different methods as one method may complement another and bring out points that would not be noticed in a single approach.

3. If a given mass of water could be pulled away from a given mass of soil, a certain amount of work would be required.

4. If frost is present at a high moisture content, it will reduce infiltration and increase surface runoff.

5. If the stream rises rapidly its surface may temporarily be above the adjacent water table.

6. If the weather turns cold there is no surface storage of snow.

7. If there were no intake or recharge the ground-water systems would gradually run down.

8. If the river storage had fallen below the intake, a secondary intake could have been used, but the city would have only a 24-hr supply unless emergency actions were taken.

9. Spring pools that do not have enough head to discharge water at the surface, are, strictly, not springs at all. If they are associated with pools that discharge they are commonly regarded as springs; if they are not near true springs, are deep and deep-sided, they may be called natural wells, if their sides are less precipitous and they have relatively large water surfaces they are regarded merely as ponds or lakes.

Упражнение 4.

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. If we know the rate at which oxygen is used up in the water it would be possible to estimate the flow speed.

2. At first sight it might seem appropriate to liken these two gyres.

3. It should be noted that the ranges of salinity and temperature found are much less.

4. As the waves move inshore and slow down, not only does the wavelength decrease but also the wave height changes.