
- •Introduction
- •1. How do you choose a career?
- •1.1. “Working” vocabulary
- •1.2. Choosing a career
- •Choosing a career
- •1.3. Career and personality
- •What is Your Career Personality?
- •Does My Personality Match this Career?
- •1.4. The 10 top steps for choosing a career
- •The 10 top steps for choosing a career
- •1. Begin with your values.
- •2. Identify your skills and talents.
- •3. Identify your preferences.
- •4. Experiment.
- •5. Become broadly literate.
- •6. In your first job, opt for experience first, money second.
- •7. Aim for a job in which you can become 110% committed.
- •8. Build your lifestyle around your income, not your expectations.
- •9. Invest five percent of your time, energy, and money into furthering your career.
- •10. Be willing to change and adapt.
- •1.5. Revision
- •2. Looking for a job
- •2.1. Work
- •2.3. Job search methods
- •Job search methods
- •2.4. Experience first, money second
- •My life as an intern
- •2.5. Revision
- •3. Applying for a job
- •3.1. Looking for and applying for a job
- •3.2. Want ads
- •3.3. How does a selection process go?
- •The Selection Process
- •Interview...
- •3.4. Getting ready for a job interview
- •Curriculum vitae
- •Interests
- •Personal statement
- •Covering letter
- •Mega Video Store requires trainee manager
- •16, London road,
- •23, High Road,
- •Planning
- •Writing
- •Checking
- •3.5. A job interview
- •3.6. Getting and keeping a job
- •3.7. Revision
- •4. At work
- •4.1. Career and promotion
- •One man's career
- •Being busy
- •Other idioms connected with work
- •During your working life
- •4.2. Colleagues and routines
- •Colleagues
- •Daily work routines
- •During the day (different work-patterns)
- •Types of work
- •4.3. Revision
- •5. The everchanging workplace
- •5.1. Revolution in the workplace
- •Recent changes in the world of work
- •Help wanted
- •5.2. The changing workplace
- •What makes a good workplace?
- •The Changing Workplace
- •5.3. Revision
- •6. Gender issues in the workplace
- •6.1. Men vs women
- •6.2. Gender stereotypes at work
- •6.3. Inequality at work
- •Inequality at work
- •6 .4. Gender discrimination in the workplace and at home
- •6.5. Balancing home and work
- •Balancing home and work
- •Value of housework
- •A Cinderella story
- •6.6. Revision
- •7. Check yourself
- •2. Write some collocations or brainstorm some related topics 1. Write a definition
- •Vocabulary Word
- •3. Use the word in a sentence or question 4. Recall a sentence with the word from the text.
- •Useful phrases
- •Writing a Summary Conflicting interests
- •Understanding the task
- •Deciding what is important
- •Answering questions to write a summary
- •Summarising a paragraph
- •Cutting out unnecessary information
- •6. Understanding the task
- •7. Planning
- •8. Writing
- •9. Checking
- •Presentation Signpost Expressions
- •Introducing the topic
- •Presentations. Structure and Useful Phrases
- •Introduction
- •Interpreting information
- •Discourse markers in speech and in writing
4.3. Revision
Task 1. Translate the following sentences into English using your active vocabulary.
У меня очень хорошие рабочие взаимоотношения с моим напарником. Мы с ним работаем посменно.
Эта работа бесперспективна: очень много бумажной волокиты и других рутинных заданий, и к тому же существует очередность по старшинству. Если начать строить карьеру с самого низа карьерной лестницы, как большинство моих коллег, то в течение примерно трех лет не будет никакого продвижения по службе. К тому же, работника могут уволить лишь за то, что он утром отметился на проходной на 5 минут позже начала рабочего дня.
- На моей новой работе у меня полный завал. Я вся в делах и просто сбиваюсь с ног. Я из кожи вон лезу, чтобы успеть все в срок. – Пожалуйста, не говори о работе. Я не хочу слышать ничего, связанного с этим. Когда я торчу на работе, я только и думаю о том, как сбежать побыстрее.
Мой брат считает, что очень удобно работать по гибкому графику. Это гораздо лучше, чем его предыдущая работа на полный рабочий день.
SPEAKING
Task 2. Advertise your group. Describe your studying life and a daily studying pattern to show that you are making a progress in acquiring skills necessary to survive and win in a subsistence-survival world of employment in the nearest future.
5. The everchanging workplace
READING&SPEAKING
5.1. Revolution in the workplace
Task 1. Can you recall any changes in the field of work that have occurred lately? What were they caused by? What did they result in? Discuss the questions with the group. When you are done, complete the chart:
Task 2. Read the text and translate it in the written form.
Recent changes in the world of work
Fundamental changes occurred in the field of work during the last decades of the 20th century. With the spread of information technology a huge wave of modernization has revolutionized the workplace. The role mechanization played in the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and the beginning of the 19th centuries is now ascribed to the computer, and many experts speak of the Second Industrial Revolution.
This revolution was sparked off by the increased use of computers and robots in the workplace, which made it possible to reduce or even abandon many routine, physically demanding or hazardous jobs. In manufacturing the end of the assembly line and the division of labour has led towards a synthesis of different tasks and more group work. It seems that workers produce far better results when they feel responsible for their work and are allowed to make use of their creativity.
There are, of course, negative aspects to these drastic changes. The main problem is the sharp decrease in the need for labour, especially, unskilled labour, which has resulted in a permanently high level of unemployment in most Western economies. Naturally there are still many jobs available in industry but they are only accessible to skilled workers with specialized training.
Whereas a lot of jobs in manufacturing have been lost, there is a clear tendency to more employment in the service sector ranging from personal services, such as waiters and hairdressers, to highly qualified professionals, e.g. legal and financial advisers. The latter are often self-employed.
The traditional type of worker who is trained for one job and stays in this job all his or her working life has become less common and it is clear that life-long training and occasional changes in one's job will be normal in the future.
In the field of office work the computer has substituted a lot of paperwork, and many routine jobs can now be done automatically. The flow of information has been speeded up enormously and crucial information is now available within seconds around the globe (cf. Info-Box "Communication", p. 199). With information technology getting more sophisticated and widespread a lot of office jobs are now being performed at home. With the help of a computer and a modem a "long-distance worker" can be on-line with his or her employer, eliminating the need to work in an office. This development offers new opportunities for people to work at home and structure their own working hours. And more flexibility of working hours is, in turn, leading to a looser definition of the average working day. On the other hand, this style of working may lead to more isolation as workers have less interaction with colleagues. Often people working under such conditions are forced into self-employment with all its risks.
All this has had a great impact on the trade unions, which have seen their membership drastically reduced and who are finding it more difficult to recruit new members. The shift towards the service sector has been accelerated by the international division of labour. Heavy industry and a lot of manufacturing have been shifted towards formerly less industrialized countries, especially in East Asia, where wages are lower and government regulations are less strict. This has resulted in the loss of many jobs in Western Europe and in North America. The international exchange of capital, information and commodities has also been facilitated, so that it has become easier for companies to invest abroad or to import and export.
Task 3. Answer the questions about what you have read:
What is the key idea of the text?
What fundamental changes have occurred in the field of work in the last decades of the 20th century?
What are the positive and negative aspects of mechanization?
What new type of workers has emerged as a result of the changes?
In your opinion, what are advantages and disadvantages of being a long-distance worker?
Why are teleworkers usually forced into self-employment? What are the risks of self-employment?
What is meant by the term “international division of labour”? Can you provide any examples?
Why have heavy industry and manufacturing been shifted towards less industrialized countries?
Task 4. Read the text and translate it in the written form.