4.Ekolohichnyy condition.

4.1 Environment and plant

The ecological status of nuclear power is characterized by the airborne emissions and liquid discharges of radioactive substances.

Status of radiation protection at nuclear power plants is characterized by the exposure of personnel. Data on individual and collective doses are key indicators of the level of optimization of radiation protection of workers. Average individual dose plant personnel Ukraine does not exceed the maximum - acceptable levels and have a general tendency to decrease. In terms of exposure such plant as Zaporizhzhya NPP, Rivne, Khmelnitsky NPP can compete with foreign ones. However, SW SW Ukrainian NPPs should take measures to reduce individual doses. As for the value of radioactive substances into the environment of nuclear power plants in Ukraine, today they do not exceed the maximum - acceptable.

4.2 Radioactive waste and recycling them.

Ukraine is among the top ten countries for the production of e / e at the plant and is one of the leading countries in the extraction and processing of uranium ores. In the presence of a developed nuclear industry is due to the collapse of the Soviet Union nearly lost radioactive waste management infrastructure: design and technological institutes, factories for processing spent fuel manufacturing facility, which provided facilities, equipment, etc., which is not possible without the normal functioning of primary production.In addition, Ukraine is an effective technology of radioactive waste management, such as sorting, incineration, cementation, melting etc..In Ukraine there are over 5 thousand enterprises, organizations and establishments that manufacture, use, transport and store radioactive waste, sources of ionizing radiation and thereby exercise a responsible handling of waste. The main objects of the accumulation and storage of radioactive waste - a nuclear power plant, the enterprise uranium-processing industry, special Factories State Association "Radon".In general, the balance of waste that result from economic activity, 97 - 98% for nuclear energy and industry. Annual volume growth depends on a number of performance indicators, but the average of all nuclear power plants

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by the year Ukraine produced about 6 thousand cubic meters of solid waste and about 2.7 thousand cubic meters. m of liquid radioactive waste. In RAW, stored at nuclear power plants, nuclear waste management industry is active around 1000 in the form of storage Curie Eastern mining plant and chemical plant Dnieper, which are located in the area 1.6 hectares.The situation in the nuclear-industrial complex of Ukraine with the accumulation of waste and the lack of any significant practical developments in processing, transportation and storage of radioactive waste has forced the State Committee of Ukraine on the use of nuclear energy in the early '90 to develop and implement a set of priorities for immediate action preparation for a sub radioactive waste to deal with intra - departmental and inter-ethnic problems of radioactive waste management. To this end, the order is non-existent Derzhavkomatomu was performed conceptual and techno-economic analysis of the current situation of waste management in the country, identified and economically sound basic directions creating field of radioactive waste management for nuclear power and industrial complex of Ukraine.The main strategic direction of the State program - is to create a centralized system for collection, processing, storage, transportation and disposal of radioactive waste. Implementation of this strategy is expected by the construction of the Central Company for processing waste, construction of temporary shelters and facilities of radioactive waste burial, containers for their packaging and vehicles for transportation. Today we are to design the construction of the central processin enterprises and the waste of "Vector", on which the long-term storage and disposal of radioactive waste.

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CONCLUSIONS

Today, the energy sector of Ukraine depends on nuclear power plants as they produce about 50% of all electricity.

The main danger of nuclear power is that at each stage of plant operation, from uranium mining to nuclear fuel and ending with decommissioning facility that generates hazardous radioactive waste. RW, creates enormous risks for people and the environment, not only the nearby nuclear power plant, but for a much larger area and a large number of people. These extremely hazardous substances can enter the environment during transportation, processing, use and storage, and can be used by terrorists.

Due to the imperfect structure of the plant itself pose a serious threat, while the operation of nuclear reactors after hours settlement period is an even greater risk.

To neutralize radioactive waste money earned at the plant is not enough, that the use of nuclear power plants in Ukraine has no economic sense, especially since the possibility of extending the life of nuclear power plants units are economically viable. But due to incomplete payment of overcoming the consequences of the nuclear industry operations, and because of the unwillingness of the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of Ukraine to develop modern energy sources, nuclear power still receives substantial benefits for future development.

Based on the fact that Ukraine does not possess nuclear technology appropriately, leadership decision to extend the service life makes our energy sector dependent on foreign suppliers.

Extensions for old nuclear reactors will not solve the problems in the Ukrainian energy sector, instead it will make a set of new ones. In fact, we will get only negative consequences that should be listed again: increasing nuclear waste, increasing the risk of nuclear accidents, threats to energy security, economic losses, environmental violations in areas around the plant.

The best solution in terms of energy security of Ukraine today is the gradual decommissioning of nuclear power dangerous and distribution of funds spent in support of energy efficiency in industry and the residential sector as well as for the development of much cheaper energy.

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3) Yllesh AV, AE Pralnykov Reports of Chernobyl: Notes ochevydtsev. Comments. Reflections. - 2nd ed., Corr. and add. - Moscow: Thought, 1988. - 169 pp.

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Razmescheno on Allbest.

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