In Search of ... Good Job

There is ... lot of unemployment in our days so it is getting more and more difficult to get ... kind of ... job you really want. Then you have to decide what is more important to you -how much you earn or ... job satisfaction. Do you want to work with your hands (called ... manual work) or do you prefer to work in ... office (called ... clerical work)? When you are thinking about ... career, or applying for... job, first of all you should go out and look for ... work instead of sitting around all day doing nothing.

Susan is ... teacher of ... English in ... state secondary school. She's ... graduate of ... Sussex University with degree in ... English Literature . When she graduated, she first worked in ... office but was bad at typing and soon got bored with ... job. She decided to teach, so she went to ... teacher training college. Susan teaches ... six different classes of ... children between ... age of 12 and 18. ... pupils enjoy her lessons, but she finds it ... hard work. She gives ... children ... lot of homework to do, and every evening she has to mark it and prepare for ... next day. One problem is that ... children in ... Susan's school don't be­have very well. They are often impolite. Susan лand ... other teachers have to be very strict with them.

Susan's brother Harry is 21. He passed his school exams with ... good marks and left... school at 19. Now he is at... university. He is ... student and receives ... grant from ... state to help him pay ... university fees and his personal expenses. He is very keen on ... mathematics and it will be useful to him in ... future. He works hard and enjoys his studies. ... university courses in ... Britain usually last for ... three years. After this, Harry hopes to graduate— good degree will get him ... good job.

It was ... Lovely Time

We had ... lovely time touring ... United States last year. We landed at ... Kennedy Airport and went first to Manhattan

where we stayed in ... Hilton Hotel on ... Sixth Avenue. Dur­ing our stay we visited ... Metropolitan museum. One day we took a boat along ... Hudson River and cruised around ... Manhattan Island, which was very interesting. After ... New York we went to ... Chicago where we stayed in ... hotel over­looking ... Lake Michigan. Finally we flew to Denver because I was determined to see ... Rocky mountains before I left. It was ... wonderful holiday. Next year we plan to go to ... Caribbean.

17. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Что вы будете есть на завтрак? - Бутерброд и кофе, пожалуйста.

2. Фрукты дорогие в этом сезоне. Через неделю или две созреют фрукты в нашем саду.

3. Я люблю чай с лимоном. Чай горячий, добавьте не­много молока. Вот сахар.

4. Дети любят мороженое. Некоторые люди едят моро­женое на улице даже зимой. Мороженое в холодиль­нике. Можно мне взять две порции мороженого?

5. Что нового? - Новости хорошие. Такие сведения всегда полезны.

6. Деньги - не самое главное в жизни, но жизнь трудна без них. Где деньги? - Они на столе. Можешь их взять.

7. Я думаю, что смогу дать вам хороший совет. - Из­вините, но мне не нужны ничьи советы в этом деле.

8. Клоун впервые появился в английском цирке. Все смеялись над шутками клоуна, и цирковое пред­ставление было успешным.

9. Как жизнь? - Жизнь идёт своим чередом.

10. В чём дело? Ты опоздал на 20 минут. - Извините, меня подвёл транспорт. Я считаю троллейбус нена­дёжным видом транспорта. Когда что-то случается с электричеством, я всегда опаздываю на работу или мне приходится брать такси.

11. Какой приятный сюрприз! Я не видел тебя целую вечность! Как твои дела? - Всё хорошо. Я только что вернулся из-за границы.

12. Ты любишь цветы? - Конечно. Роза - мой любимый цветок. - А я люблю подснежники.

13. Это лёгкий вопрос. Ребёнок может ответить на него, не говоря о взрослом.

14. Сын моего брата, двухмесячный мальчик, серьёзно болен. - Мне жаль это слышать. Желаю ему быст­рейшего выздоровления. - Будем надеяться на луч­шее.

The Pronoun

The pronoun is a part of speech, which points out objects and their qualities without naming them.

Pronouns fall under the following groups:

I) Personal pronouns: /, he, she, it, we, you, they. .2) Possessive pronouns: my, his, her, its, our, your,

their.

3) Reflexive pronouns: myself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.

4) Demonstrative pronouns: this (these), that (those), such, (the) same.

5) Reciprocal pronouns: each other, one another.

6) Interrogative pronouns: who, whose, what, which.

7) Indefinite pronouns: some, any, somebody, any­body, something, anything, someone, anyone.

8) Negative pronouns: no, none, neither, nobody, no one, nothing.

9) Definite pronouns: each, every, everybody, every­one, everything, all, either, both, other, another.

10) Relative pronouns: who, whose, which, that, as.

I1) Conjunctive pronouns: who, whose, which, what.

Some pronouns have the grammatical categories of person and gender (personal and possessive pronouns), case:

	Personal Pronouns	Reflexive and Emphatic Pronouns	Possessive Pronouns
Sing.	I me	myself	my mine
PI.	we us	ourselves	our ours
Sing.	you	yourself yourselves	your yours
PI.
Masc. Fem. Non-personal	he him she her	himself herself	his her hers
	it they them	itself themselves	its their theirs

Personal Pronouns and Possessive Adjectives Subject and Object Pronouns

Subject pronouns

I

you

he

she it

we

you

they

Object pronouns

me you

him her | it

us

you

them

- The subject is the person or thing doing the action:

I left early. She went home. We said goodbye.

- The object is the person or thing receiving the action:

She telephoned me. I hit him. We saw her.

Practice

У. Put the correct object pronoun into each gap. Model: My sister has a new car, but she doesn't like it.

1. He has two sons. He plays football with ... in his free time.

2. That's my dictionary. Can I have ... back, please?

3. Ben's new teacher is Mr Banks. Ben likes ... a lot.

4. Jane and I are good students, so our teacher likes ....

5. Our teacher gives ... a lot of homework.

6. Kate likes Joanna, but Maria doesn't like ... at all.

7. She buys a newspaper everyday and reads ... on the train

8. Look! This is a photo of ... my family.

9. Sally lives near Peter and Mary. She goes to work with ... every day in their car.

2. Put my or your into the gaps. a. Hello. ... name is Jenny, b. What 's ... your name ? c. Is Catherine ... sister? d. John: Ann, this is ... brother, Dick. Ann: Hello, Dick. Dick: Hello.

3. Put his or her into the gaps. a. "What's ... name?" "Elizabeth", b. ... name is James Baker, c. I have a son. . . . name is David, d. Marie is from France. ... flat is in Paris.

4. Write the correct pronouns for these sentences.

1. ... telephoned yesterday, (she) She telephoned yesterday.

2. We watched ... for hours, (he) We watched him for hours.

3. Hasn't... arrived yet? (she)

4. ... don't understand. (I)

5. Are you talking to... ? (I)

6. Don't ask ... : ... doesn't know, (she/she)

7. This is Julia: ... have known ... for years, (we/she)

8. Nobody told ... the bus was leaving, (they)

9. Why didn't... ask ... to come? (she/they)

10. Don't ask ...: ask... . (I/he)

11. ... think ... doesn't like .... (I/he/I)

12. ... asked ... to invite .... (they/he/we)

5. Write the correct adjectives for these sentences:

1. These are ... parents. (I) These are my parents.

2. I've got... watch, (he)

3. Is this ... car? (you)

4. Do they like ... new house? (she)

5. Have you met... teacher? (their)

6. Who's got ... money? (I)

7. I don't like ... teacher, (we)

8. Have you got ... passport? (you)

9. He forgot... keys, (he)

10. They changed ... Hotel, (they)

11. She gave the letter to ... secretary, (she)

12. There's something wrong with ... car. (I)

13. They're having a party in ... garden, (they)

14. Where's... pen? (I)

15. I like ... jacket, (you)

6. Rewriting a text. Read the text about Keiko Wilson. It's not very natural. Which nouns can you replace with pronouns or possessive adjectives ? Underline them. Rewrite the text to make it more natural.

Keiko Wilson is Japanese, but Keiko lives in New-York because Keiko is married to an American. Keiko is an inter­preter. Keiko lives in New York because New York is interest­ing, but Keiko's husband, Walter, doesn't like New York. Wal­ter wants to leave and live in the country.

Keiko and Walter have two children. Walter takes the two children and the two children's dog out of the city in Walter's free time. Walter and the children go walking in summer and skiing in winter, but Keiko doesn't go with Walter and the chil­dren because Keiko doesn't have any free time.

7. Talk about profession. Use the possessive pronouns: hers, yours, their, ours to show that something belongs to somebody.

Model A: They, your tests —- No, they are not our tests. -

Whose are those tests? Are they yours? Model B: It, her picture —. No, it's not their picture. -

Whose is that picture? Is it hers?

Prompts: 1. They, your notes. 2. It, his tie. 3. They, my tickets. 4. It, her dog. 5. They, our spoons. 6. They, my shirts. 1. It, their car. 8. It, his exercise-book. 9. My dictation, their. 10. Our lec­turer, your. 11. His composition, mine.

8. Write the correct adjective or pronoun for these sentences.

1. Whose camera is this? Is it ... ? (you) Whose camera is this? Is it yours?

2. Excuse me, those are ... seats, (we) Excuse me, those are our seats.

3. Is it ... suitcase or ... ? (you/he) Is it your suitcase or his?

4. Has the dog ... food? (it)

5. They're not ... keys - they're .... (I/she)

6. I don't think it's ... room; think, it's ... . (you/they)

I. The police asked me for ... address. (I)

8. Have you got ... pen, or would you like to borrow ... ? (you/I)

9. ... garden is bigger than .... (they/we)

10. I think this is ... book. Oh, no, it's .... (I/you)

I1. The decision is .... (they)

12. The cat wants ... dinner, (it)

13. You know it's not... money. It's .... (you/I)

14. It isn't... car. It's ... . (he/she)

15. It wasn't... a mistake, it was .... (I/they)

16. Have you met... mother? (they)

17. ... parents say the garden is .... (she/they)

18. ... brother thinks the car is .... (I/we)

19. ... car wasn't working, so I used .... (I/he)

20. ... house is smaller than .... (we/they)

Reflexive and Emphatic Pronouns

The reflexive pronouns are:

singular myself/ yourself (one person) / himself/ herself / itself plural ourselves / yourselves (more than one person / themselves)

Study this example.

George cut himself when he was shaving this morning. We use myself, himself, yourself etc., when the subject and the object are the same.

Some more examples:

I don't want you to pay for me. I'll pay for myself. Julia had a great holiday. She enjoyed herself very much.

Compare:

It's not our fault. You can't blame us. It's our own fault. We blame ourselves.

NOTE:

We do not use myself / yourself etc. after bring / take something

with...:

It might rain. I'll take an umbrella with me. (not with myself) We do not use myself etc. after concentrate feel, relax, meet...:

You must try and concentrate.

- Do you feel nervous?

- Yes, I can't relax.

We naturally use wash, shave, dress without myself etc. We got up washed, shaved and dressed. We also use myself/yourself and etc. in another way as em­phatic pronouns.

For example:

- Who repaired your bicycle for you?

- Nobody. I have done it myself.

Here myself is used to emphasize I (=it makes it stronger).

I'm not going to do it for you. You can do it yourself. (= you, not me)

The film itself wasn't very good but I liked the music.

Practice

/. Complete each sentence using myself/yourself etc. with one of these verbs (in the correct form):

blame burn cut enjoy express hurt put

1. George cut himself while he was shaving this morning.

2. Bill fell down some steps but fortunately he didn't .. badly.

3. It isn't her fault. She really shouldn't....

4. Please try and understand how I feel ... in my position

5. They had a great time. They really ....

6. Be careful! This pan is really hot. Don't....

7. Sometimes I can't say exactly what I mean. I wish I could ... better.

2 Put in myself/yourself/ourselves etc. or me/you/us etc.

1. Julia had a great holiday. She enjoyed herself.

2. It's not my fault. You can't blame ....

3. What I did was wrong. I'm ashamed of ... .

4. We've got a problem. I hope you can help ....

5. "Can I take another biscuit?" - "Of course. Help ... !"

6. Take some money with ... in case you need it.

7. Don't worry about Tom and me. We can look after ....

8. I gave them a key to our house so they could let... in.

9. When they come to visit us, they always bring their dog with them.

3. Complete these sentences. Use myself/yourself etc. only where necessary. Use one of these verbs (in the correct form): concentrate defend dry feel meet relax shave wash

1. Martin decided to grow a beard because he was fed up with shaving.

2. I wasn't very well yesterday but I... much better today.

3. She climbed out of the swimming pool and ... with a towel.

4. I tried to study but I just couldn' t... .

5. If somebody attacks you, you need to be able to ....

6. I'm going out with Chris this evening. We're ... at the station at 7.30.

7. You're always rushing around. Why don't you sit down and ... ?

8. There was no water so we couldn't ....

4. Complete these answers for the questions using myself I yourself/itsel/etc.

1- Who repaired the bicycle for you? Nobody. I repaired

2. Did Bryan have his hair cut by a hairdresser? it myself. No. He cut ...

3. Do you want to post that letter for you?. No. I'll ....

4. Who told you that Linda was getting Linda .... married?

5. Can you phone John for me? Why can't you ... ?

5. Say that people do something themselves. Use the emphatic pronouns.

Model: to make Mary's bed. -----^-Who makes Mary's bed? -

She makes it herself.

Prompts: 1. To clean the flat for Mr and Mrs Brimby. 2. To do Ann's shopping. 3. To get Walter's tickets for him. 4. To cook Mr and Mrs Rumboll's meals. 5. To type Andrew's letters. 6. To wash the children. 7. To feed the dog. 8. To shave Henry. 9. To tie your tie. 10. To buy food for us. 11. To turn the computer off. 12. To make pies for us. 13. To clean your shoes. 14. To cut Irene's hair.

6. Express surprise.

Model: to translate an article for John ^ I translated an

article for John. - Didn't he translate it himself? Prompts: 1. To buy an evening paper for Mike. 2. To finish the exercise for Kate. 3. To collect stamps for Barbara. 4. To wash a blouse for Alise. 5. To compose a poem for Anthony. 6. To borrow books for your roommates. 7. To mark dictations for you. 8. Mr. and Mrs. Westley, to make jam for us. 9. To clean windows for you. 10. To cut cheese for your boys. 11. To write a lecture for Mr Linck. 12. To grow flowers for your pupils. 13. Ray and Rose, to boil eggs for our salad.