Factors of production :

By factor of production we mean all inputs, such as land, labor, machinery and equipment, machinery and equipment, capital and entrepreneurship that produce finished and final products such a marble slabs, tiles, scriptures, tables, etc.

• Entrepreneurial skills: in today's challenging business environment entrepreneurial skills are the key to success and survival of a business. however in Afghanistan marble producer neither hove efficient entrepreneurial skills (including large firms) nor they have any intention to build such capacity within their enterprise they following entrepreneurial skills are the essential Requirement for those who run a marbles company in order for them to grab the opportunities which exist in local and foreign markets.

management skills must have the ability of efficiently manage time and people like the production process ,operation ,activity of the firms ,strategic decision making and planning ,financial literacy market research skills which assess the market demand ,supplier, customers and competitors ,market techniques innovation idea method and techniques are using for the management ability to developed and success fully business plan for new venture and willingness to take risk and willingness to change their routines behavior if necessary awareness of low and regulations.

• technology: One of the most important factor of production in marbles industry is technology (i.e., machineries and equipment in use) Due to the nature of business machinery play a big role in the success and productivity of firms by employing standard machinery they can enormously increase their productivity e.g. a firm with standard machinery can produce10 times more marbles then a firm with old system of operation.

In quarrying activity, blasting is the old method of production while diamond wire cutting is the new method of quarrying; with blasting quarries not only lose 50 to 80 percent of the material they also cause great damage to the entire quarry by enforcing micro-fractures throughout the entire deposit . whereas with diamond wire saw cutting the percentage of waste can be reduce to percentage while diamond wire saw cutting, the percentage of waste can be reduced to 7 percent, while creating no damage to the marbles deposit .slandered machineries required for quarrying marble are listed below .however it does not imply that all these machinery are necessary to have to be able to start a quarrying operation

• Pneumatic steel drillers need for vertical, horizontal or inclined drilling manual or mounted on special devices.

• pneumatic down -the - hole hammer drillers required for making vertical holes for introducing the diamond wire

• large small diamond wire machine for cutting large blocks

• chine saws as it best works for fast straight forward vertical and horizontal cuts on large quarry fronts

• Hydraulic jacks for moving block & hydraulic splitting wedges for splitting up drilled section

• derrick cranes to handling the blocks or heavy equipment

• stationary wire saws machine is needed for black-squaring

• front-loaders-lift blocks excavators for cleaning and excavation and dump trucks

Land: Land is the first required factor of production, and marble processing business needs over 2500m2 of land. Finding and leasing such large area of land in and around Kabul city is the biggest barrier for new entries and for existing firms to employ more machinery. Therefore, there is a strong need to build a specialized industrial park for marble industry. All neighboring countries including Pakistan, India, and Iran have especial cities for marble and granite industry. For instance, Pakistan has 5 big marble cities. In 2005, the Government of Pakistan created an industrial park for marble and granite which brought the country a great success in terms of attracting investment and increasing marble production and exports.

When we look at the strategies of regional countries (such as India, Malaysia and Iran) in attracting investment and promoting growth, we find that their top priority has been to develop special economic zones (SEZs). It should be emphasized that without having enough SEZs, Afghanistan cannot rebuild and nurture its industries which play a substantial role in achieving a sustainable growth. Therefore, in order to find a permanent solution for the lack of industrial land in Afghanistan, the Government of Afghanistan should take a comprehensive approach by creating an independent Industrial Parks Development Authority. For the construction and development of industrial parks, prioritizing industrial sectors, distribution of land plots, and all relevant services.

This paper emphasizes that the creation of an independent and competent agency for the development of industrial parks will be a big achievement for the Afghan government. The agency could play an important role in the development of Afghan industries, and shape Afghanistan’s future industrial growth path. Nevertheless, for the time being, Afghanistan Investment Support Agency and the Ministry of Commerce and Industries – which both have departments for the development and administration of industrial parks – should allocate land plots for marble and granite processing plants in one of their industrial parks. but now a day the industrial park distributing land for investor in marbles sector and these land and parks are created by the help of AISA organization and ministry of agriculture and ministry of mines which totally special one park that AISA Organization industrial park development department take the decision to dedicate one industrial park special for marbles in Maydan Saher which the work is on the progress on it but we have more the 15 other companies which they are doing their operation in different provinces industrial parks .

Labor: As mentioned in the previous chapter, there is no vocational and technical training centre in Afghanistan to train workers for marble quarrying activities. Therefore, the Afghan ministries such Ministry of Mines, Ministry of Labor and Ministry of Education should collaborate to build such training centers. This will not only provide know-how skills to the market but it can also increase investment in the mining sector.

Required capital: the amount of reburying and processing activities generally quarrying business required less capital compared to processing however, the required capital varies from one side to another depending on location availability of road and geological circumstances.

According to our survey the minimum capital required for quarrying activity (employing standard technology and not blasting ) is around $250,000 whereas for the processing plant and minimum capital required is over $400,000 it should be noted that with $400,000 of investment one can hove very good machinery which are almost 10 times more productivity then average old processing plant . This is turn can provide competitive edge for the investor.

Access to capital remains restricted in Afghanistan commercial banks do not offer large-size , long- term credit and business find it hard to borrow from abroad lack of capital is thus, a major constraint in this business in Afghanistan

Entrepreneurial skills: As emphasized in the previous chapter, entrepreneurial skills are the key to success and survival of a business. Afghan firms remain less competitive and less productive, due to their inefficient management techniques. Therefore, the Afghan government should provide capacity development programs to Afghan industrialists, and help them increase their managerial skills and technical efficiency. AISA can be the relevant institution in this regard.