- •2.0 Нормальна анатомія
- •In course of laparotomy a surgeon revealed gangrenous lesion of descending colon. It was
- •2/3 Of his tongue. Which nerve must have been damaged?
- •Volume is 700 ml. What is the patient's dead space ventilation?
- •Is utilized in gluconeogenesis first of all in this case:
- •Victim has elbow joint trauma with avulsion of medial epicondyle of humerus. What nerve can be
- •Inflammation of the tympanic cavity (purulent otitis media) was complicated by inflammation of
- •It is necessary to take the cerebrospinal fluid from a patient with suspected inflammation of
- •Venous net and edema of the soft tissues of face, neck, upper part of the trunk and upper
- •Vegetative abnormalities in the sleep, heat regulation, all kinds of metabolism, diabetes insipidus
- •Injured?
- •Injury. The escaped blood will be assembled in the following anatomic formation:
- •In the specimen of one of the parts of respiratory system a tubular organ was found. It has low
- •Inserted?
- •It is necessary to press the carotid artery to the tubercle of a cervical vertebra. Which vertebra
- •Interventricular branch of the right coronary artery. What heart parts are affected?
- •In stomach). Examination revealed a tumour of initial part of duodenum. Specify localization of
- •Inflammatory process of modified subserous layer around cervix of the uterus caused an
- •Intensive pain syndrome. In what region of genitals does the pathological process take place?
- •In course of an operation surgeon removed a part of a lung that was ventilated by a tertiary
- •In case of a penetrating wound of the anterior abdominal wall the wound tract went above the
- •Induce such changes in the spine curvature?
- •Vessel surrounded by fascicles of brachial plexus. What artery is it?
- •Inferior mesenteric artery. What bowel segment is damaged?
- •In order to prevent massive haemorrhage in the region of oral cavity floor it is required to ligate
- •Inside the genu of internal capsule. What conduction tract is damaged?
- •Interaponeurotic suprasternal space. What anatomic structure localized in this space is
- •In course of a small pelvis operation it became necessary to ligate an ovarian artery. What
- •Isdamaged?
- •Vessels drain directly into the thoracic duct. Specify this organ:
- •Intestines was revealed. Whatsubstances that are created in the intestines can cause
- •Increased amount of free fat acids is observed in the blood of the patients with diabetes
- •In case of enterobiasis acrihine - the structural analogue of vitamin b2 - is administered.
- •Isolated from the same enzyme?
- •Insects have been found in his flat. Which of them may be a carrier of the pathogen of epidemic
- •Increased level of valine, isoleucine, leucine is in the blood and urine. Urine has specific smell.
- •Increased breaking of vessels, enamel and dentine destruction in scurvy patients are caused by
- •Increased production of thyroidal hormones t3 and t4, weight loss, tachycardia,
- •12 Hours after an accute attack of retrosternal pain a patient presented a jump of aspartate
- •Is tachycardia and smell of acetone from the mouth. Analysis results: blood glucose - 20,1
- •Is activated most of all with help of carnitine?
- •Injection of insulin. What is the result of biochemical blood analysis for concentration of the
- •Intestinal wall. What vitamin will stimulate this process?
- •Values level could be helpful in proving diagnosis?
- •Impairment. What is the probable cause of metabolic disorder?
- •Is the main pathogenetic mechanism of obesity?
- •Vitamin a together with specific cytoreceptors penetrates through the nuclear membranes,
- •Induces transcription processes that stimulate growth and differentiation of cells. This biological
- •In patients with the biliary tract obstruction the blood coagulation is inhibited; the patients have
- •In course of histidine catabolism a biogenic amin is formed that has powerful vasodilatating
- •Vitamin b1 deficiency results in disturbance of oxidative decarboxylation of
- •Index of pH of the blood changed and became 7,3 in the patient with diabetus mellitus. Detecting
- •In blood?
- •Vitamin:
- •47,Хху. Such phenomenon of cell inhomogeneity is called:
- •Isoleucine and their ketoderivatives in blood and urine. Urine smelt of maple syrup. This disease
- •Is characterized by the deficit of the following enzyme:
- •It was found out that some compounds, for instance fungi toxins and some antibiotics can inhibit
- •Inhibition. What substance is it?
- •In clinical practice tuberculosis is treated with izoniazid preparation - that is an antivitamin able
- •Irradiating to the neck. The pain arose 2 hours ago. Objectively: the patient’s condition is grave,
- •Inhibit the intermolecular tranfer of monocarbon groups, thus suppressing the synthesis of the
- •Inhibitor of the following enzyme:
- •Vitamin is one of cofactors of these enzymes?
- •Increased degradation. Which of the following compounds is the product of this process?
- •It is known that the monoamine oxidase (mao) enzyme plays an important part in the
- •1.0 Біологія
- •Inheritance?
- •It was proved that a molecule of immature mRna (precursor mRna) contained more triplets
- •16*109L, Platelets 450*109l Blood picture: anizocytosis, poikilocytosis, reticulocytes-
- •3,8%. What anemia does this patient have?
- •In mucousa moistening?
- •In some regions of South Africa there is a spread sickle-shaped cell anemia, in which
- •If strong oxidizers get into the bloodstream, a methemoglobin is formed. It is a compound, where
- •Iron (II) becomes iron (III). What has to be done to save the patient?
- •Investigation should be used for the exact diagnosis?
- •In the ovary specimen colored with hematoxylin-eosin, follicle is determined where
- •In the perianal folds of a 5-year-old girl her mother has found some white "worms" that caused
- •Itch and anxiety in the child. The "worms" were sent to the laboratory. During examination the
- •46 Chromosomes were revealed on karyotype examination of the 5-year-old girl. One of the
- •15Th pair of chromosomes is longer than usual due to connected chromosome from the 21 pair.
- •Intelligence quotient. Which karyotype corresponds with this disease?
- •It was revealed that t-lymphocytes were affected by hiv. Virus enzyme - reverse transcriptase
- •Into dna in mycobacteria?
- •It is known that the gene responsible for development of blood groups according to ab0 system
- •Variability form:
- •In course of practical training students studied a stained blood smear of a mouse with bacteria
- •Is diagnosed with hemolytic disease of newborn as a result of rhesus incompatibility. What
- •Invasive diseases can be transmitted by the dog if it is the source of invasion?
- •Inflammatory hyperemia and cutaneous edema. Histologic examination of tissue sampling from
- •46 Хy in some cells, but most cells have karyotype of Klinefelter's syndrome - 47 ххy. Such cell heterogenity is called:
- •Inheritance is it?
- •Insects up to 3 mm long on the child's clothing. Specify the parasite:
- •3.0 Гістологія
- •Volume of what elements is increased in this case?
- •In the blood of a 26-year-old man it was revealed 18% of erythrocytes of the spherical,
- •In the microspecimen of red bone marrow there were revealed multiple capillares through the
- •In a histological specimen parenchyma of an organ is represented by lymphoid tissue that forms
- •In course of an experiment a big number of stem cells of red bone marrow was in some way
- •Inhibited?
- •In course of indirect histogenesis of tubular bone tissue a plate is formed between epiphyseal
- •Infiltration. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- •Vitamin a deficit results in the impairment of twilight vision. Name the cells that have the
- •Is the most probable reason of their development?
- •In form of a saccule openining into the duct. How is this gland called according to the
- •In course of a conditional experiment the development of mesenchyma cells was completely
- •Inhibited. Development of the following muscular tissue will be disturbed:
- •8.0 Мікробіологія
- •It is planned to use the territory of an old cattle burial ground (which is not used for more than
- •50 Years) for building houses. But ground analysis revealed presence of the pathogen of the
- •Very dangerous illness. Which of the indicated microorgonisms is likely to remain in the ground
- •In a patient with clinical signs of immunodeficiency the number and functional activity of t and b
- •Immunocompetent cells was found during investigation on the molecule level. Defect of what
- •In order to speed up healing of a wound of oral mucosa a patient was prescribed a drug that is a
- •Is known that this protein is a factor of natural resistance of an organism. What is it called?
- •In this patient?
- •Is oxidase- and catalase-positive, ferments mannitol and synthesizes plasmocoagulase. What
- •Isolated. Their morphological, tinctorial, cultural and biochemical properties appeared to be
- •In order to determine toxigenicity of diphtheria bacilli a strip of filter paper impregnated with
- •In order to estimate toxigenity of diphtheria agents obtained from patients the cultures were
- •Inoculated on Petri dish with nutrient agar on either side of a filter paper strip that was put into
- •Introducted to a group of mice under examination; a control group of mice got the extract without
- •In the surgical department of a hospital there was an outbreak of hospital infection that showed
- •Itself in often postoperative wound abscesses. Bacteriological examination of pus revealed
- •Indicative of?
- •Vomiting matters of a patient suspected of having cholera were delivered to the bacteriological
- •Inoculum from pharynx of a patient ill with angina was inoculated into blood-tellurite agar. It
- •Important role in tuberculosis prevention. In this case the following vaccine is applied:
- •Inoculated into the following differential diagnostic medium:
- •Inoculated on the Endo agar, which resulted in growth of a large number of colorless colonies.
- •Vaccine must be given to prevent rabies?
- •7.0 Патологічна анатомія
- •Immunocomplex glomerulonephritis, ulcers on the edges of the aortic valves, covered with
- •Is plethoric, it is of yellowish-green color, soaked with purulent and fibrose exudate, it lookes like
- •Ventricle. Liver is enlarged, its surface is smooth, incision revealed that it was plethoric, with
- •6 Months after delivery a woman had uterine bleeding. Gynecological examination revealed in
- •Infiltration of appendix wall along with necrosis and defect of mucous membrane with affection of
- •Its muscle plate. What appendicitis form was developed?
- •48 Hours after performing tuberculin test (Mantoux test) to a child a 10 mm papule appeared on
- •Is hyperemic, edematic, its surface was covered with grey-and-green coats. Name the
- •Interstitial myocarditis. What diagnosis corresponds with the described picture?
- •Inflammation that affected the marrow, haversian canals and periosteum. Under the periosteum
- •Inflammation. What pathological process was described?
- •1 Mm thick closely adhering to the subjacent tissues. What pathological process are these
- •In the glomerules proliferation of capsule nephrothelium as well as of podocytes and phagocytes
- •Immature fibroblast-like cells with multiple mitosis, which grow through the muscles. What is the
- •Into the pulmonary parenchyma, acute abscesses and atelectases. Internal organs have
- •2 Days after labour a woman developed shock along with dic syndrome that caused her death.
- •2 Hours after a skeletal extension was performed to a 27 year old patient with multiple traumas
- •Vessel lumen. What complication of polytrauma was developed?
- •In course of severe respiratory viral infection there appeared clinical signs of progressing
- •Is the most probable diagnosis?
- •In the area of the right lung apex revealed a cavity 5 cm in diameter communicating with lumen
- •Infiltration composed of lymphocytes, epithelioid cells (mainly plasmocytes). What is the most
- •Interventricular septum. The dissector evaluated these changes as:
- •Its pattern due to the proliferation of epithelioid, lymphoid cells and macrophages having nuclei in
- •14 Days after quinsy a 15-year-old child presented with morning facial swelling, high blood
- •9.0 Фармакологія
- •In patient with marked peripheral edema. Increased amount of aldosterone is in the blood.
- •Indicate the medicine to be prescribed.
- •60 Microgram/kilogram of phenylin. Because of presentations of convulsive disorder
- •Insufficiency. What medicine should be prescribed first of all?
- •Indometacin. With what activity of the drug can this complication be connected?
- •Vomiting, diarrhea, bradycardia, hypotention, weakness, dehydration of the organism. What
- •Industry. What medicine should be used?
- •Introduction of a pharmaceutical substance to an experimental animal resulted in reduction of
- •Intense inhibition of central nervous system. What may it be connected with?
- •Irregularly taking antibiotics for an infectious disease. Examination of the child revealed incisor
- •Intake of an antianginal drug the pain behind the breast bone disappeared, but the patient
- •In tolerance to its effect, and this phenomenon is called:
- •Intestinal peristalsis and tonus of urinary bladder. What drug is it?
- •Vomiting that occurs all of a sudden. What medication should be prescribed?
- •Inhibition of consciousness and respiration. What preparation is antagonist of magnesium
- •In order to prevent cardiogenic shock?
- •Is a sulphonyl urease derivate of the second generation. It improves microcirculation and is
- •Impairment of psychic, somatic and vegetative functions. Name the syndrome of different
- •It was decided to potentiate fentanyl action with a neuroleptic. Which of the following
- •In order to accelerate healing of a radiation ulcer a vitamin drug was administered. What drug is it?
- •Intravenously with an antihypertensive drug - salt of an alkaline-earth metal. What drug was
- •Injected?
- •Isoniazid as a part of combination therapy. After some time, the patient reported of muscle
- •Vitamin preparation should be used to address these phenomena?
- •It is known that individuals with genetically caused deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate
- •In order to stimulate breathing in a child born with asphyxia, the doctor gave him a drug injection
- •Into the umbilical vein. What drug might have been injected?
- •6.0 Патологічна фізіологія
- •Vitamin deficiency can be the reason of this change:
- •Inflamation is characterised by increasing penetration of vessels of microcirculation stream,
- •Increasing of their fluid dynamic blood pressure. Increasing of the osmotic concentration and
- •In this case?
- •Interval from complex to complex; fallout of some ventricular complexes; р waves and qrst
- •Inheritance of this disease?
- •In result of the damage of one of the Atomic Power Plant reacttor the run-out of radioelements
- •Ventricle insufficiency. What is the most typical for this state?
- •In the blood 50mmol/l). What mechanism is prevalent in the development of the coma?
- •Irradiation doze of 500 roentgen. He complains of headache, nausea, dizziness. What changes
- •In leukocytes quantity can be expected 10 hours after irradiation?
- •Isosthenuria, proteinuria. What is the leading factor in the pathogenesis of these symptoms
- •Ventricular qrst complex is wide, r-wave is double-peak or two-phase. What form of
- •2 Years ago a patient underwent resection of pyloric part of stomach. He complains of
- •Inflammation of a patient's eye was accompanied by accumulation of turbid liquid with high
- •In diastole. What is the most probable mechanism of cardiac arrest in diastole?
- •Ventilation. What is the main mechanism of this disturbance?
- •37,9OC. Which of the following substances is the most likely cause of temperature rise?
- •Inflammation accompanied by hyperemia, infiltration and painfulness. What type of allergic
- •Violation of safety rules resulted in calomel intoxication. Two days later the daily diuresis was
- •620 Ml. A patient experienced headache, vomiting, convulsions, dyspnea, moist rales in lungs.
- •24 Hours after appendectomy blood of a patient presents neutrophilic leukocytosis with
- •Inflammatory processes cause synthesis of protein of acute phase in an organism. What
- •Intensification at the beginning of polyuria stage of acute renal insufficiency is caused by:
- •Insulin-dependant diabetes, the wife is healthy. What is the probability that this couple will have
- •1,50C higher than on the opposite intact side. What of the following is the most probable
- •Is 16*109/l. Leukocyte formula: basophils - 0, eosinophils - 2%, juvenile forms - 2%,
- •Insult to cells which contributes to the pathology development. What processes are stimulated by
- •In course of a preventive examination of a miner a doctor revealed changes of cardiovascular
- •Is reduction of the following index:
- •Infections for a long time. A month later the child's condition changed for the worse. Blood
- •7,18. These abnormalities were caused by the development of:
- •Insufficiency - limb edema, lymph node enlargement. What form of lymphatic circulation
- •Insufficiency is it?
- •3,2*109/L. What is the leading mechanism of leukopenia development?
- •In a grave condition. Respiration is characterized by prolonged convulsive inspiration followed
- •4.0 Нормальна фізіологія
- •In 6 hours temperature rapidly increased up to 400c with shiver. Muscle pains have
- •In the experiment on the animal the part of the cerebral cortex hemispheres was removed. It
- •Inhibition of alpha-motoneuron of the extensor muscles was noticed after stimulation of
- •Isolated muscle of a frog is rhythmically irritated with electric impulses. Every next impulse is in a
- •In course of an experiment a skeletal muscle is being stimulated by a series of electric impulses.
- •Intrapleural pressure is being measured in a person. In what phase has a person hold his breath
- •If the pressure is - 25 cm h2o?
- •Volume is 50 mL. What is the frequency of cardiac contraction?
- •In a healthy adult speed of the excitement conduction through the atrioventricular node is
- •Indices of the external respiration is much higher than in a state of rest?
- •In the small intestine cavity:
- •Inhabitants of territories with cold climate have high content of an adaptive thermoregulatory
- •Injected a medication for short-acting narcosis. 1 minute later the patient being under
- •In plasma was 40 g/l. What influence will be exerted on the transcapillary water exchange?
- •In course of an experiment a skeletal muscle is being stimulated by a series of electric impulses.
- •Vagus branches that innervate heart are being stimulated in course of an experiment. As a
- •If a man has an attack of bronchiospasm it is necessary to reduce the effect of vagus on
- •5,4 L, hematocrit makes up 50%, whole blood protein is 80 g/l. These blood characteristics are
- •In response to a change in body position from horizontal to vertical blood circulation system
- •Introduction of a big dose of histamine to an experimental animal caused abrupt drop of arterial
- •Vagus branches that innervate heart are being stimulated during an experiment. This caused
- •In course of an experiment a peripheral section of vagus of an expiremental animal is being
- •Voluntary breath-holding caused increase of respiration depth and frequency. The main factor
- •In course of an experiment a toad's right labyrinth was destroyed. It will cause amyotonia of the
- •Vagi of an experimental animal were cut on both sides. What respiration changes will be
- •Varnishes had a bronchospasm. This reflex was caused by irritation of the following receptors:
- •It was established that agglutination of the recipient’s blood erythrocytes had been caused by
- •In course of an experiment thalamocortical tracts of an animal were cut. What type of sensory
- •It has been experimentally proven that the excitation of the motor neurons of flexor muscles is
- •Information transmission to the motoneurons of the spinal cord through the following descending
- •Krok 1 Medicine 2003
- •78 Decreased blood supply to the organs causes hypoxia that activates fibroblasts function. Volume of what elements is increased in this case?
- •79 From the defecation of a 6-year-old ill child, who has artificial feeding, the intestinal bacillus with antigen structure 0-111 is excreted. What is the diagnosis?
- •102 On autopsy it was revealed: large (1-2 cm) brownish-red, easy crumbling formations covering ulcerative defects on the external surface of the aortic valve. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- •121 Due to cranial trauma the patient developed the symptoms: intention tremor, dysmetry, adiadochokinesis, dysarthria. What structure of the brain is injured?
- •126 Person has stable hr, not more than 40 bpm. What is the pacemaker of the heart rhythm in this person?
- •138 Where should the cathetor for evacuation of the lymph from the thoracic lymph duct be inserted?
- •Krok 1 Medicine 2004
- •10. Synthesis of phospholipids is disordered due to fat infiltration of liver. Indicate which of the presented substances can enhance the process of methylation during phospholipids synthesis?
- •21. A patient because of pathological process has thickened alveolar membrane. What will be reduced directly as a result this?
- •118. Genetic structure of eukaryote is "exon-intron-exon". This structure-functional organization of gene caused transcription peculiarities. What will be pro-I-rna according to the scheme?
- •121. Shock and signs of acute renal failure (arf) developed in the patient due to severe injury. What is the leading cause of development of arf in the case?
- •129. A patient with iron deficiency anemia has been treated at the in-patient hematological department of the regional children's hospital during 13 years. What hypoxia type does this patient have?
- •130. Decreased blood supply to the organs causes hypoxia that activates fibroblasts function. Volume of what elements is increased in this case?
- •157. A man in a quiet condition has increased activity of the muscles, responsible for the inspiration. What from the belowmentioned can cause this?
- •161. A child, suffering from pylorostenosis accompanied by frequent vomiting, developed signs of dehydration. What form of acid-base disbalance can develop in this case?
- •195. Where should the cathetor for evacuation of the lymph from the thoracic lymph duct be inserted?
- •198. A patient has a suspected pneumonia. In his sputum there were revealed grampositive diplococci, prolonged with the slightly pointed opposite ands. What microorganisms are revealed in the sputum?
- •199. A patient has tissue ischemia lower the knee joint, accompanied with "intermittent claudication". Which artery is occluded in this case?
- •Krok 1. Medicine. 2005
- •Krok 1. Medicine 2006
- •26 Objective examination of a patient revealed: slender figure, big skull, highly developed frontal region of face, short extremities. What constitutional type is it characteristic for?
- •27 An isolated muscle of a frog is rhythmically irritated with electric impulses. Every next impulse is in a period of relaxation from the previus contraction. What contraction of the muscle occurs?
- •65 Necrosis focus appeared in the area of hyperemia and skin edema in few hours after burn. What mechanism strengthens destructive effect in the inflammation area?
- •77 A patient with diabetes mellitus experienced loss of consciousness and convulsions after injection of insulin. What is the result of biochemical blood analysis for concentration of the sugar?
- •79 Examination of a newborn boy's genitals revealed a cleft of urethra that opens on the inferior surface of his penis. What developmental anomaly is meant?
- •81 Decreased blood supply to the organs causes hypoxia that activates fibroblasts function. Volume of what elements is increased in this case?
- •108 A child has inhaled a button. Where is it likely to be?
- •109 Microscopic examination of the sputum of a patient with pneumonia occasionally revealed some larvae. Eosinophiles were detected on blood examination. What helminthiasis can be diagnosed?
- •110 Concentration of pyruvate is increased in the patient's blood, the most of which is excreted with urine. What avitaminosis has the patient?
- •116 A child has got galactosemia. Concentration of glucose in blood has not considerably changed. Deficiency of what enzyme caused this illness?
- •119 Diabetes mellitus causes ketosis as a result of activated oxidation of fatty acids. What disorders of acid-base equilibrium may be caused by excessive accumulation of ketone bodies in blood?
- •123 Cerebral trauma caused increase of ammonia formation. What aminoacid takes part in removal of ammonia from cerebral tissue?
- •136 Synthesis of phospholipids is disturbed as a result fatty infiltration of liver. Indicate which of the following substances can enhance the process of methylation during phospholipids synthesis?
- •156 While preparing a patient to the operation the heart chambers' pressure was measured. In one of them the pressure changed during one heart cycle from 0 to 120 mm Hg. What chamber of heart was it?
- •Krok 1. Medicine 2006
- •26 Objective examination of a patient revealed: slender figure, big skull, highly developed frontal region of face, short extremities. What constitutional type is it characteristic for?
- •27 An isolated muscle of a frog is rhythmically irritated with electric impulses. Every next impulse is in a period of relaxation from the previus contraction. What contraction of the muscle occurs?
- •65 Necrosis focus appeared in the area of hyperemia and skin edema in few hours after burn. What mechanism strengthens destructive effect in the inflammation area?
- •77 A patient with diabetes mellitus experienced loss of consciousness and convulsions after injection of insulin. What is the result of biochemical blood analysis for concentration of the sugar?
- •79 Examination of a newborn boy's genitals revealed a cleft of urethra that opens on the inferior surface of his penis. What developmental anomaly is meant?
- •81 Decreased blood supply to the organs causes hypoxia that activates fibroblasts function. Volume of what elements is increased in this case?
- •108 A child has inhaled a button. Where is it likely to be?
- •109 Microscopic examination of the sputum of a patient with pneumonia occasionally revealed some larvae. Eosinophiles were detected on blood examination. What helminthiasis can be diagnosed?
- •110 Concentration of pyruvate is increased in the patient's blood, the most of which is excreted with urine. What avitaminosis has the patient?
- •116 A child has got galactosemia. Concentration of glucose in blood has not considerably changed. Deficiency of what enzyme caused this illness?
- •119 Diabetes mellitus causes ketosis as a result of activated oxidation of fatty acids. What disorders of acid-base equilibrium may be caused by excessive accumulation of ketone bodies in blood?
- •123 Cerebral trauma caused increase of ammonia formation. What aminoacid takes part in removal of ammonia from cerebral tissue?
- •136 Synthesis of phospholipids is disturbed as a result fatty infiltration of liver. Indicate which of the following substances can enhance the process of methylation during phospholipids synthesis?
- •156 While preparing a patient to the operation the heart chambers' pressure was measured. In one of them the pressure changed during one heart cycle from 0 to 120 mm Hg. What chamber of heart was it?
- •Kroc 1_ 2008
- •Krok 1/2009
- •Krok 1. Medicine-2010
- •Krok 1. Medicine-2011
- •11 After an immunoassay a child was diagnosed with immunodeficiency of humoral immunity. What is the reason for the primary immunodeficiency development in the child?
- •93 A weightlifter has a disruption of thoracic lymphatic duct as a result of lifting a weight. Choose the most likely site of injury:
- •95 A patient with massive burns developed acute renal insufficiency characterized by a significant and rapid deceleration of glomerular filtration. What is the mechanism of its development?
- •147 As a result of continuous starvation the glomerular filtration rate has increased by 20%. The most probable cause of the glomerular filtration alteration under the mentioned conditions is:
- •158 A child suffers from drug idiosyncrasy. What is the cause of such reaction?
- •173 Lung ventilation in a person is increased as a result of physical activity. Which of the following indices of the external respiration is much higher than in a state of rest?
- •174 A patient has been given high doses of hydrocortisone for a long time. This caused atrophy of one of the adrenal cortex zones. Which zone is it?
- •177 A victim of an accident has bleeding from the soft tissues anteriad the mandibular angle. Which vessel should be ligated for the bleeding arrest?
- •178 A coprological survey revealed light-colored feces containing drops of neutral fat. The most likely reason for this condition is the disorder of:
Immature fibroblast-like cells with multiple mitosis, which grow through the muscles. What is the
most likely diagnosis?
A Fibrosarcoma
B Myosarcoma
C Fibroma
D Cancer
E Myoma
82
A 39 year old man who had been operated for the stomach ulcer died 7 days after the surgery.
Autopsy revealed that peritoneal leaves were dull, plephoric, covered with massive
yellow-greenish films, the peritoneal cavity contained for about 300 ml of thick yellow-greenish
liquid. What pathologic process was revealed in the peritoneal cavity?
A Fibrinous suppurative peritonitis
B Serous peritonitis
C Fibrinous serous peritonitis
D Peritoneal commissures
E Fibrinous haemorrhagic peritonitis
83
A 45 y.o. patient consulted a doctor about plaque-shaped formation on his neck. Histological
examination of biopsy skin material revealed tumourous cells of round and oval form with thin
ring of basophilic cytoplasma that resemble of cells of basal epidermal layer. What tumour is it?
A Basalioma
B Epidermal cancer
C Hydradenoma
D Trichoepithelioma
E Syringoadenoma
84
A 71 year old man had been presenting with diarrhea for 10 days. The feces had admixtures of
blood and mucus. He was delivered to a hospital in grave condition and died 2 days later.
Autopsy of the body revealed the following: diphtheritic colitis with multiple irregularly-shaped
ulcers of different depth in both sigmoid colon and rectus. Bacteriological analysis revealed
Shigella. What was the main disease?
A Dysentery
B Typhoid fever
C Salmonellosis
D Nonspecific ulcerous colitis
E Yersiniosis
85
A 63 y.o. man fell ill with acute tracheitis and bronchitis accompanied by bronchial pneumonia.
On the 10th day the patient died from cardiopulmonary insufficiency. Autopsy revealed fibrinous
hemorrhagic laryngotracheobronchitis; lungs were enlarged, their incision revealed the
"coal-miner's" effect caused by interlacing of sections of bronchial pneumonia, hemorrhages
Into the pulmonary parenchyma, acute abscesses and atelectases. Internal organs have
discirculatory and dystrophic changes. What is the most probable diagnosis?
A Influenza, severe form
B Moderately severe influenza
C Parainfluenza
D Respiratory syncytial infection
E Adenoviral infection
86
Autopsy of a man who died from influenza revealed that his heart was slightly enlarged, pastous,
myocardium was dull and had specks. Microscopical examination of myocardium revealed
signs of parenchymatous adipose and hydropic dystrophy; stroma was edematic with poor
macrophagal and lymphocytic infiltration, vessels were plethoric; perivascular analysis revealed
petechial hemorrhages. What type of myocarditis was developed in this case?
A Serous diffuse
B Interstitial proliferative
C Serous focal
D Purulent
E Granulomatous
87
A boy is 7 y.o. Objectively: against the background of hyperemic skin there is knobby bright-pink
rash on his forehead, neck, at the bottom of abdomen, in the popliteal spaces; nasolabial
triangle is pale. Examination of oropharyngeal surface revealed localized bright-red hyperemia;
tonsils are swollen, soft, lacunas contain pus, tongue is crimson. Cervical lymph nodes are
enlarged, dense and painful. What is the most probable diagnosis?
A Scarlet fever
B Rubella
C Whooping cough
D Diphtheria
E Infectious mononucleosis
88
Autopsy of a 75 year old patient who had been suffering from disseminated atherosclerosis and
died under chronic cardiac failure revealed constriction and deformation of coronary arteries,
tuberous intima whose section appeared to be white and petrosal. Specify the stage of
atherosclerosis morphogenesis:
A Atherocalcinosis
B Lipoidosis
C Liposclerosis
D Bilipid
E Atheromatosis
89
Examination of a bronchial tissue sample revealed atrophy of mucous membrane, cystic
degeneration of glands, focal metaplastic changes of lining prismatic epithelial cells into
multilayer squamous cells; increase in goblet cell number; in some parts of bronchial wall and
especially in the mucous membrane there was marked cellular inflammatory infiltration and
growth of granulation tissue bulging into the bronchial lumen in form of a polyp. What is the most
likely diagnosis?
A Chronic bronchitis
B Lobar pneumonia
C Acute bronchitis
D Bronchopneumonia
E Interstitial pneumonia
90
Gynecological examination of the uterine cervix in a 30-year-old woman revealed some
bright-red lustrous spots that easily bleed when touched. Biopsy showed that a part of the
uterine cervix was covered with cylindrical epithelium with papillary outgrowths; in the depth of
tissue the growth of glands was present. What pathology of the uterine cervix was revealed?
A Pseudoerosion
B True erosion
C Endocervicitis
D Glandular hyperplasia
E Leukoplakia
91
A stillborn child was found to have thickened skin resembling of the tortoise shell,
underdeveloped auricles. Histological examination of skin revealed hyperkeratosis, atrophy of
the granular epidermis layer; inflammatory changes were not present. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
A Ichthyosis
B Leukoplakia
C Xerodermia
D Erythroplakia
E Dermatomyositis
92
Acute renal impairment caused death of a bleeding patient. Autopsy revealed enlarged kidneys
with a broad pale pink cortical layer expressively demarcated from dark red renal pyramids.
Macroscopic examination revealed lack of epithelial nuclei of convoluted tubules, tubulorrhexis,
phlebostasis. The cell nuclei of choroid glomus and straight tubules were present. What
pathology is it?
A Necronephrosis
B Infarction
C Glomerulonephritis
D Pyelonephritis
E Nephrosis
93
A pathology-histology laboratory received a vermiform appendix up to 2,0 cm thick. Its serous
membrane was pale, thick and covered with yellowish-green films. The wall was flaccid, of
grayish-red colour. The appendix lumen was dilated and filled with yellowish-green substance.
Histological examination revealed that the appendix wall was infiltrated with neutrophils. Specify
the appendix disease:
A Acute phlegmonous appendicitis
B Acute gangrenous appendicitis
C Acute superficial appendicitis
D Acute simple appendicitis
E Chronic appendicitis
94
A 46 year old patient who had been suffering from tuberculosis for 6 years died from massive
pulmonary haemorrhage. Autopsy revealed different-sixed foci of sclerosis and caseous
necrosis in lungs, in the upper part of the right lung there was a cavity 5 cm in diameter with
dense grey walls, the cavity contained liquid blood and blood clots. What type of tuberculosis is it?
A Fibrocavernous
B Acute cavernous
C Infiltrative
D Fibrous focal
E Acute focal
95
A patient died from cardiopulmonary decompensation. Histological examination revealed
diffused pulmonary lesion together with interstitial edema, infiltration of tissue by limphocytes,
macrophages, plasmocytes; pulmonary fibrosis, panacinar emphysema. What disease
corresponds with the described picture?
A Fibrosing alveolitis
B Chronic bronchitis
C Bronchopneumonia
D Pulmonary atelectasis
E Bronchial asthma
96
A 50 year old patient has been taking treatment thrice for the last 6 months because of
fractures caused by domestic accidents. Microscopical examination of bony tissue revealed
foci of lacunar resolution, giant-cell granulomas in the tumour-like formations, cysts. Bony tissue
was substituted by fibrous connective tissue. Examination revealed also adenoma of
parathyroid gland and hypercalcemia. What is the most probable diagnosis?
A Parathyroid osteodystrophy
B Myelomatosis
C Osteomyelitis
D Osteopetrosis
E Paget's disease
97