- •2.0 Нормальна анатомія
- •In course of laparotomy a surgeon revealed gangrenous lesion of descending colon. It was
- •2/3 Of his tongue. Which nerve must have been damaged?
- •Volume is 700 ml. What is the patient's dead space ventilation?
- •Is utilized in gluconeogenesis first of all in this case:
- •Victim has elbow joint trauma with avulsion of medial epicondyle of humerus. What nerve can be
- •Inflammation of the tympanic cavity (purulent otitis media) was complicated by inflammation of
- •It is necessary to take the cerebrospinal fluid from a patient with suspected inflammation of
- •Venous net and edema of the soft tissues of face, neck, upper part of the trunk and upper
- •Vegetative abnormalities in the sleep, heat regulation, all kinds of metabolism, diabetes insipidus
- •Injured?
- •Injury. The escaped blood will be assembled in the following anatomic formation:
- •In the specimen of one of the parts of respiratory system a tubular organ was found. It has low
- •Inserted?
- •It is necessary to press the carotid artery to the tubercle of a cervical vertebra. Which vertebra
- •Interventricular branch of the right coronary artery. What heart parts are affected?
- •In stomach). Examination revealed a tumour of initial part of duodenum. Specify localization of
- •Inflammatory process of modified subserous layer around cervix of the uterus caused an
- •Intensive pain syndrome. In what region of genitals does the pathological process take place?
- •In course of an operation surgeon removed a part of a lung that was ventilated by a tertiary
- •In case of a penetrating wound of the anterior abdominal wall the wound tract went above the
- •Induce such changes in the spine curvature?
- •Vessel surrounded by fascicles of brachial plexus. What artery is it?
- •Inferior mesenteric artery. What bowel segment is damaged?
- •In order to prevent massive haemorrhage in the region of oral cavity floor it is required to ligate
- •Inside the genu of internal capsule. What conduction tract is damaged?
- •Interaponeurotic suprasternal space. What anatomic structure localized in this space is
- •In course of a small pelvis operation it became necessary to ligate an ovarian artery. What
- •Isdamaged?
- •Vessels drain directly into the thoracic duct. Specify this organ:
- •Intestines was revealed. Whatsubstances that are created in the intestines can cause
- •Increased amount of free fat acids is observed in the blood of the patients with diabetes
- •In case of enterobiasis acrihine - the structural analogue of vitamin b2 - is administered.
- •Isolated from the same enzyme?
- •Insects have been found in his flat. Which of them may be a carrier of the pathogen of epidemic
- •Increased level of valine, isoleucine, leucine is in the blood and urine. Urine has specific smell.
- •Increased breaking of vessels, enamel and dentine destruction in scurvy patients are caused by
- •Increased production of thyroidal hormones t3 and t4, weight loss, tachycardia,
- •12 Hours after an accute attack of retrosternal pain a patient presented a jump of aspartate
- •Is tachycardia and smell of acetone from the mouth. Analysis results: blood glucose - 20,1
- •Is activated most of all with help of carnitine?
- •Injection of insulin. What is the result of biochemical blood analysis for concentration of the
- •Intestinal wall. What vitamin will stimulate this process?
- •Values level could be helpful in proving diagnosis?
- •Impairment. What is the probable cause of metabolic disorder?
- •Is the main pathogenetic mechanism of obesity?
- •Vitamin a together with specific cytoreceptors penetrates through the nuclear membranes,
- •Induces transcription processes that stimulate growth and differentiation of cells. This biological
- •In patients with the biliary tract obstruction the blood coagulation is inhibited; the patients have
- •In course of histidine catabolism a biogenic amin is formed that has powerful vasodilatating
- •Vitamin b1 deficiency results in disturbance of oxidative decarboxylation of
- •Index of pH of the blood changed and became 7,3 in the patient with diabetus mellitus. Detecting
- •In blood?
- •Vitamin:
- •47,Хху. Such phenomenon of cell inhomogeneity is called:
- •Isoleucine and their ketoderivatives in blood and urine. Urine smelt of maple syrup. This disease
- •Is characterized by the deficit of the following enzyme:
- •It was found out that some compounds, for instance fungi toxins and some antibiotics can inhibit
- •Inhibition. What substance is it?
- •In clinical practice tuberculosis is treated with izoniazid preparation - that is an antivitamin able
- •Irradiating to the neck. The pain arose 2 hours ago. Objectively: the patient’s condition is grave,
- •Inhibit the intermolecular tranfer of monocarbon groups, thus suppressing the synthesis of the
- •Inhibitor of the following enzyme:
- •Vitamin is one of cofactors of these enzymes?
- •Increased degradation. Which of the following compounds is the product of this process?
- •It is known that the monoamine oxidase (mao) enzyme plays an important part in the
- •1.0 Біологія
- •Inheritance?
- •It was proved that a molecule of immature mRna (precursor mRna) contained more triplets
- •16*109L, Platelets 450*109l Blood picture: anizocytosis, poikilocytosis, reticulocytes-
- •3,8%. What anemia does this patient have?
- •In mucousa moistening?
- •In some regions of South Africa there is a spread sickle-shaped cell anemia, in which
- •If strong oxidizers get into the bloodstream, a methemoglobin is formed. It is a compound, where
- •Iron (II) becomes iron (III). What has to be done to save the patient?
- •Investigation should be used for the exact diagnosis?
- •In the ovary specimen colored with hematoxylin-eosin, follicle is determined where
- •In the perianal folds of a 5-year-old girl her mother has found some white "worms" that caused
- •Itch and anxiety in the child. The "worms" were sent to the laboratory. During examination the
- •46 Chromosomes were revealed on karyotype examination of the 5-year-old girl. One of the
- •15Th pair of chromosomes is longer than usual due to connected chromosome from the 21 pair.
- •Intelligence quotient. Which karyotype corresponds with this disease?
- •It was revealed that t-lymphocytes were affected by hiv. Virus enzyme - reverse transcriptase
- •Into dna in mycobacteria?
- •It is known that the gene responsible for development of blood groups according to ab0 system
- •Variability form:
- •In course of practical training students studied a stained blood smear of a mouse with bacteria
- •Is diagnosed with hemolytic disease of newborn as a result of rhesus incompatibility. What
- •Invasive diseases can be transmitted by the dog if it is the source of invasion?
- •Inflammatory hyperemia and cutaneous edema. Histologic examination of tissue sampling from
- •46 Хy in some cells, but most cells have karyotype of Klinefelter's syndrome - 47 ххy. Such cell heterogenity is called:
- •Inheritance is it?
- •Insects up to 3 mm long on the child's clothing. Specify the parasite:
- •3.0 Гістологія
- •Volume of what elements is increased in this case?
- •In the blood of a 26-year-old man it was revealed 18% of erythrocytes of the spherical,
- •In the microspecimen of red bone marrow there were revealed multiple capillares through the
- •In a histological specimen parenchyma of an organ is represented by lymphoid tissue that forms
- •In course of an experiment a big number of stem cells of red bone marrow was in some way
- •Inhibited?
- •In course of indirect histogenesis of tubular bone tissue a plate is formed between epiphyseal
- •Infiltration. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- •Vitamin a deficit results in the impairment of twilight vision. Name the cells that have the
- •Is the most probable reason of their development?
- •In form of a saccule openining into the duct. How is this gland called according to the
- •In course of a conditional experiment the development of mesenchyma cells was completely
- •Inhibited. Development of the following muscular tissue will be disturbed:
- •8.0 Мікробіологія
- •It is planned to use the territory of an old cattle burial ground (which is not used for more than
- •50 Years) for building houses. But ground analysis revealed presence of the pathogen of the
- •Very dangerous illness. Which of the indicated microorgonisms is likely to remain in the ground
- •In a patient with clinical signs of immunodeficiency the number and functional activity of t and b
- •Immunocompetent cells was found during investigation on the molecule level. Defect of what
- •In order to speed up healing of a wound of oral mucosa a patient was prescribed a drug that is a
- •Is known that this protein is a factor of natural resistance of an organism. What is it called?
- •In this patient?
- •Is oxidase- and catalase-positive, ferments mannitol and synthesizes plasmocoagulase. What
- •Isolated. Their morphological, tinctorial, cultural and biochemical properties appeared to be
- •In order to determine toxigenicity of diphtheria bacilli a strip of filter paper impregnated with
- •In order to estimate toxigenity of diphtheria agents obtained from patients the cultures were
- •Inoculated on Petri dish with nutrient agar on either side of a filter paper strip that was put into
- •Introducted to a group of mice under examination; a control group of mice got the extract without
- •In the surgical department of a hospital there was an outbreak of hospital infection that showed
- •Itself in often postoperative wound abscesses. Bacteriological examination of pus revealed
- •Indicative of?
- •Vomiting matters of a patient suspected of having cholera were delivered to the bacteriological
- •Inoculum from pharynx of a patient ill with angina was inoculated into blood-tellurite agar. It
- •Important role in tuberculosis prevention. In this case the following vaccine is applied:
- •Inoculated into the following differential diagnostic medium:
- •Inoculated on the Endo agar, which resulted in growth of a large number of colorless colonies.
- •Vaccine must be given to prevent rabies?
- •7.0 Патологічна анатомія
- •Immunocomplex glomerulonephritis, ulcers on the edges of the aortic valves, covered with
- •Is plethoric, it is of yellowish-green color, soaked with purulent and fibrose exudate, it lookes like
- •Ventricle. Liver is enlarged, its surface is smooth, incision revealed that it was plethoric, with
- •6 Months after delivery a woman had uterine bleeding. Gynecological examination revealed in
- •Infiltration of appendix wall along with necrosis and defect of mucous membrane with affection of
- •Its muscle plate. What appendicitis form was developed?
- •48 Hours after performing tuberculin test (Mantoux test) to a child a 10 mm papule appeared on
- •Is hyperemic, edematic, its surface was covered with grey-and-green coats. Name the
- •Interstitial myocarditis. What diagnosis corresponds with the described picture?
- •Inflammation that affected the marrow, haversian canals and periosteum. Under the periosteum
- •Inflammation. What pathological process was described?
- •1 Mm thick closely adhering to the subjacent tissues. What pathological process are these
- •In the glomerules proliferation of capsule nephrothelium as well as of podocytes and phagocytes
- •Immature fibroblast-like cells with multiple mitosis, which grow through the muscles. What is the
- •Into the pulmonary parenchyma, acute abscesses and atelectases. Internal organs have
- •2 Days after labour a woman developed shock along with dic syndrome that caused her death.
- •2 Hours after a skeletal extension was performed to a 27 year old patient with multiple traumas
- •Vessel lumen. What complication of polytrauma was developed?
- •In course of severe respiratory viral infection there appeared clinical signs of progressing
- •Is the most probable diagnosis?
- •In the area of the right lung apex revealed a cavity 5 cm in diameter communicating with lumen
- •Infiltration composed of lymphocytes, epithelioid cells (mainly plasmocytes). What is the most
- •Interventricular septum. The dissector evaluated these changes as:
- •Its pattern due to the proliferation of epithelioid, lymphoid cells and macrophages having nuclei in
- •14 Days after quinsy a 15-year-old child presented with morning facial swelling, high blood
- •9.0 Фармакологія
- •In patient with marked peripheral edema. Increased amount of aldosterone is in the blood.
- •Indicate the medicine to be prescribed.
- •60 Microgram/kilogram of phenylin. Because of presentations of convulsive disorder
- •Insufficiency. What medicine should be prescribed first of all?
- •Indometacin. With what activity of the drug can this complication be connected?
- •Vomiting, diarrhea, bradycardia, hypotention, weakness, dehydration of the organism. What
- •Industry. What medicine should be used?
- •Introduction of a pharmaceutical substance to an experimental animal resulted in reduction of
- •Intense inhibition of central nervous system. What may it be connected with?
- •Irregularly taking antibiotics for an infectious disease. Examination of the child revealed incisor
- •Intake of an antianginal drug the pain behind the breast bone disappeared, but the patient
- •In tolerance to its effect, and this phenomenon is called:
- •Intestinal peristalsis and tonus of urinary bladder. What drug is it?
- •Vomiting that occurs all of a sudden. What medication should be prescribed?
- •Inhibition of consciousness and respiration. What preparation is antagonist of magnesium
- •In order to prevent cardiogenic shock?
- •Is a sulphonyl urease derivate of the second generation. It improves microcirculation and is
- •Impairment of psychic, somatic and vegetative functions. Name the syndrome of different
- •It was decided to potentiate fentanyl action with a neuroleptic. Which of the following
- •In order to accelerate healing of a radiation ulcer a vitamin drug was administered. What drug is it?
- •Intravenously with an antihypertensive drug - salt of an alkaline-earth metal. What drug was
- •Injected?
- •Isoniazid as a part of combination therapy. After some time, the patient reported of muscle
- •Vitamin preparation should be used to address these phenomena?
- •It is known that individuals with genetically caused deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate
- •In order to stimulate breathing in a child born with asphyxia, the doctor gave him a drug injection
- •Into the umbilical vein. What drug might have been injected?
- •6.0 Патологічна фізіологія
- •Vitamin deficiency can be the reason of this change:
- •Inflamation is characterised by increasing penetration of vessels of microcirculation stream,
- •Increasing of their fluid dynamic blood pressure. Increasing of the osmotic concentration and
- •In this case?
- •Interval from complex to complex; fallout of some ventricular complexes; р waves and qrst
- •Inheritance of this disease?
- •In result of the damage of one of the Atomic Power Plant reacttor the run-out of radioelements
- •Ventricle insufficiency. What is the most typical for this state?
- •In the blood 50mmol/l). What mechanism is prevalent in the development of the coma?
- •Irradiation doze of 500 roentgen. He complains of headache, nausea, dizziness. What changes
- •In leukocytes quantity can be expected 10 hours after irradiation?
- •Isosthenuria, proteinuria. What is the leading factor in the pathogenesis of these symptoms
- •Ventricular qrst complex is wide, r-wave is double-peak or two-phase. What form of
- •2 Years ago a patient underwent resection of pyloric part of stomach. He complains of
- •Inflammation of a patient's eye was accompanied by accumulation of turbid liquid with high
- •In diastole. What is the most probable mechanism of cardiac arrest in diastole?
- •Ventilation. What is the main mechanism of this disturbance?
- •37,9OC. Which of the following substances is the most likely cause of temperature rise?
- •Inflammation accompanied by hyperemia, infiltration and painfulness. What type of allergic
- •Violation of safety rules resulted in calomel intoxication. Two days later the daily diuresis was
- •620 Ml. A patient experienced headache, vomiting, convulsions, dyspnea, moist rales in lungs.
- •24 Hours after appendectomy blood of a patient presents neutrophilic leukocytosis with
- •Inflammatory processes cause synthesis of protein of acute phase in an organism. What
- •Intensification at the beginning of polyuria stage of acute renal insufficiency is caused by:
- •Insulin-dependant diabetes, the wife is healthy. What is the probability that this couple will have
- •1,50C higher than on the opposite intact side. What of the following is the most probable
- •Is 16*109/l. Leukocyte formula: basophils - 0, eosinophils - 2%, juvenile forms - 2%,
- •Insult to cells which contributes to the pathology development. What processes are stimulated by
- •In course of a preventive examination of a miner a doctor revealed changes of cardiovascular
- •Is reduction of the following index:
- •Infections for a long time. A month later the child's condition changed for the worse. Blood
- •7,18. These abnormalities were caused by the development of:
- •Insufficiency - limb edema, lymph node enlargement. What form of lymphatic circulation
- •Insufficiency is it?
- •3,2*109/L. What is the leading mechanism of leukopenia development?
- •In a grave condition. Respiration is characterized by prolonged convulsive inspiration followed
- •4.0 Нормальна фізіологія
- •In 6 hours temperature rapidly increased up to 400c with shiver. Muscle pains have
- •In the experiment on the animal the part of the cerebral cortex hemispheres was removed. It
- •Inhibition of alpha-motoneuron of the extensor muscles was noticed after stimulation of
- •Isolated muscle of a frog is rhythmically irritated with electric impulses. Every next impulse is in a
- •In course of an experiment a skeletal muscle is being stimulated by a series of electric impulses.
- •Intrapleural pressure is being measured in a person. In what phase has a person hold his breath
- •If the pressure is - 25 cm h2o?
- •Volume is 50 mL. What is the frequency of cardiac contraction?
- •In a healthy adult speed of the excitement conduction through the atrioventricular node is
- •Indices of the external respiration is much higher than in a state of rest?
- •In the small intestine cavity:
- •Inhabitants of territories with cold climate have high content of an adaptive thermoregulatory
- •Injected a medication for short-acting narcosis. 1 minute later the patient being under
- •In plasma was 40 g/l. What influence will be exerted on the transcapillary water exchange?
- •In course of an experiment a skeletal muscle is being stimulated by a series of electric impulses.
- •Vagus branches that innervate heart are being stimulated in course of an experiment. As a
- •If a man has an attack of bronchiospasm it is necessary to reduce the effect of vagus on
- •5,4 L, hematocrit makes up 50%, whole blood protein is 80 g/l. These blood characteristics are
- •In response to a change in body position from horizontal to vertical blood circulation system
- •Introduction of a big dose of histamine to an experimental animal caused abrupt drop of arterial
- •Vagus branches that innervate heart are being stimulated during an experiment. This caused
- •In course of an experiment a peripheral section of vagus of an expiremental animal is being
- •Voluntary breath-holding caused increase of respiration depth and frequency. The main factor
- •In course of an experiment a toad's right labyrinth was destroyed. It will cause amyotonia of the
- •Vagi of an experimental animal were cut on both sides. What respiration changes will be
- •Varnishes had a bronchospasm. This reflex was caused by irritation of the following receptors:
- •It was established that agglutination of the recipient’s blood erythrocytes had been caused by
- •In course of an experiment thalamocortical tracts of an animal were cut. What type of sensory
- •It has been experimentally proven that the excitation of the motor neurons of flexor muscles is
- •Information transmission to the motoneurons of the spinal cord through the following descending
- •Krok 1 Medicine 2003
- •78 Decreased blood supply to the organs causes hypoxia that activates fibroblasts function. Volume of what elements is increased in this case?
- •79 From the defecation of a 6-year-old ill child, who has artificial feeding, the intestinal bacillus with antigen structure 0-111 is excreted. What is the diagnosis?
- •102 On autopsy it was revealed: large (1-2 cm) brownish-red, easy crumbling formations covering ulcerative defects on the external surface of the aortic valve. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- •121 Due to cranial trauma the patient developed the symptoms: intention tremor, dysmetry, adiadochokinesis, dysarthria. What structure of the brain is injured?
- •126 Person has stable hr, not more than 40 bpm. What is the pacemaker of the heart rhythm in this person?
- •138 Where should the cathetor for evacuation of the lymph from the thoracic lymph duct be inserted?
- •Krok 1 Medicine 2004
- •10. Synthesis of phospholipids is disordered due to fat infiltration of liver. Indicate which of the presented substances can enhance the process of methylation during phospholipids synthesis?
- •21. A patient because of pathological process has thickened alveolar membrane. What will be reduced directly as a result this?
- •118. Genetic structure of eukaryote is "exon-intron-exon". This structure-functional organization of gene caused transcription peculiarities. What will be pro-I-rna according to the scheme?
- •121. Shock and signs of acute renal failure (arf) developed in the patient due to severe injury. What is the leading cause of development of arf in the case?
- •129. A patient with iron deficiency anemia has been treated at the in-patient hematological department of the regional children's hospital during 13 years. What hypoxia type does this patient have?
- •130. Decreased blood supply to the organs causes hypoxia that activates fibroblasts function. Volume of what elements is increased in this case?
- •157. A man in a quiet condition has increased activity of the muscles, responsible for the inspiration. What from the belowmentioned can cause this?
- •161. A child, suffering from pylorostenosis accompanied by frequent vomiting, developed signs of dehydration. What form of acid-base disbalance can develop in this case?
- •195. Where should the cathetor for evacuation of the lymph from the thoracic lymph duct be inserted?
- •198. A patient has a suspected pneumonia. In his sputum there were revealed grampositive diplococci, prolonged with the slightly pointed opposite ands. What microorganisms are revealed in the sputum?
- •199. A patient has tissue ischemia lower the knee joint, accompanied with "intermittent claudication". Which artery is occluded in this case?
- •Krok 1. Medicine. 2005
- •Krok 1. Medicine 2006
- •26 Objective examination of a patient revealed: slender figure, big skull, highly developed frontal region of face, short extremities. What constitutional type is it characteristic for?
- •27 An isolated muscle of a frog is rhythmically irritated with electric impulses. Every next impulse is in a period of relaxation from the previus contraction. What contraction of the muscle occurs?
- •65 Necrosis focus appeared in the area of hyperemia and skin edema in few hours after burn. What mechanism strengthens destructive effect in the inflammation area?
- •77 A patient with diabetes mellitus experienced loss of consciousness and convulsions after injection of insulin. What is the result of biochemical blood analysis for concentration of the sugar?
- •79 Examination of a newborn boy's genitals revealed a cleft of urethra that opens on the inferior surface of his penis. What developmental anomaly is meant?
- •81 Decreased blood supply to the organs causes hypoxia that activates fibroblasts function. Volume of what elements is increased in this case?
- •108 A child has inhaled a button. Where is it likely to be?
- •109 Microscopic examination of the sputum of a patient with pneumonia occasionally revealed some larvae. Eosinophiles were detected on blood examination. What helminthiasis can be diagnosed?
- •110 Concentration of pyruvate is increased in the patient's blood, the most of which is excreted with urine. What avitaminosis has the patient?
- •116 A child has got galactosemia. Concentration of glucose in blood has not considerably changed. Deficiency of what enzyme caused this illness?
- •119 Diabetes mellitus causes ketosis as a result of activated oxidation of fatty acids. What disorders of acid-base equilibrium may be caused by excessive accumulation of ketone bodies in blood?
- •123 Cerebral trauma caused increase of ammonia formation. What aminoacid takes part in removal of ammonia from cerebral tissue?
- •136 Synthesis of phospholipids is disturbed as a result fatty infiltration of liver. Indicate which of the following substances can enhance the process of methylation during phospholipids synthesis?
- •156 While preparing a patient to the operation the heart chambers' pressure was measured. In one of them the pressure changed during one heart cycle from 0 to 120 mm Hg. What chamber of heart was it?
- •Krok 1. Medicine 2006
- •26 Objective examination of a patient revealed: slender figure, big skull, highly developed frontal region of face, short extremities. What constitutional type is it characteristic for?
- •27 An isolated muscle of a frog is rhythmically irritated with electric impulses. Every next impulse is in a period of relaxation from the previus contraction. What contraction of the muscle occurs?
- •65 Necrosis focus appeared in the area of hyperemia and skin edema in few hours after burn. What mechanism strengthens destructive effect in the inflammation area?
- •77 A patient with diabetes mellitus experienced loss of consciousness and convulsions after injection of insulin. What is the result of biochemical blood analysis for concentration of the sugar?
- •79 Examination of a newborn boy's genitals revealed a cleft of urethra that opens on the inferior surface of his penis. What developmental anomaly is meant?
- •81 Decreased blood supply to the organs causes hypoxia that activates fibroblasts function. Volume of what elements is increased in this case?
- •108 A child has inhaled a button. Where is it likely to be?
- •109 Microscopic examination of the sputum of a patient with pneumonia occasionally revealed some larvae. Eosinophiles were detected on blood examination. What helminthiasis can be diagnosed?
- •110 Concentration of pyruvate is increased in the patient's blood, the most of which is excreted with urine. What avitaminosis has the patient?
- •116 A child has got galactosemia. Concentration of glucose in blood has not considerably changed. Deficiency of what enzyme caused this illness?
- •119 Diabetes mellitus causes ketosis as a result of activated oxidation of fatty acids. What disorders of acid-base equilibrium may be caused by excessive accumulation of ketone bodies in blood?
- •123 Cerebral trauma caused increase of ammonia formation. What aminoacid takes part in removal of ammonia from cerebral tissue?
- •136 Synthesis of phospholipids is disturbed as a result fatty infiltration of liver. Indicate which of the following substances can enhance the process of methylation during phospholipids synthesis?
- •156 While preparing a patient to the operation the heart chambers' pressure was measured. In one of them the pressure changed during one heart cycle from 0 to 120 mm Hg. What chamber of heart was it?
- •Kroc 1_ 2008
- •Krok 1/2009
- •Krok 1. Medicine-2010
- •Krok 1. Medicine-2011
- •11 After an immunoassay a child was diagnosed with immunodeficiency of humoral immunity. What is the reason for the primary immunodeficiency development in the child?
- •93 A weightlifter has a disruption of thoracic lymphatic duct as a result of lifting a weight. Choose the most likely site of injury:
- •95 A patient with massive burns developed acute renal insufficiency characterized by a significant and rapid deceleration of glomerular filtration. What is the mechanism of its development?
- •147 As a result of continuous starvation the glomerular filtration rate has increased by 20%. The most probable cause of the glomerular filtration alteration under the mentioned conditions is:
- •158 A child suffers from drug idiosyncrasy. What is the cause of such reaction?
- •173 Lung ventilation in a person is increased as a result of physical activity. Which of the following indices of the external respiration is much higher than in a state of rest?
- •174 A patient has been given high doses of hydrocortisone for a long time. This caused atrophy of one of the adrenal cortex zones. Which zone is it?
- •177 A victim of an accident has bleeding from the soft tissues anteriad the mandibular angle. Which vessel should be ligated for the bleeding arrest?
- •178 A coprological survey revealed light-colored feces containing drops of neutral fat. The most likely reason for this condition is the disorder of:
26 Objective examination of a patient revealed: slender figure, big skull, highly developed frontal region of face, short extremities. What constitutional type is it characteristic for?
A. Respiratory
B. Mixed
C. Digestive
D. Cerebral
E. Muscular
27 An isolated muscle of a frog is rhythmically irritated with electric impulses. Every next impulse is in a period of relaxation from the previus contraction. What contraction of the muscle occurs?
A. Waved tetanus
B. Single
C. Continuous (smooth) tetanus
D. Tonic
E. Asynchronous
28 A 60-year-old patient has reduced perception of high-frequency sounds. What structures' disorder of auditory analizer caused these changes?
A. Main membrane of cochlea near the oval window
B. Tympanic membrane
C. Muscles of middle ear
D. Main membrane of cochlea near helicotrema
E. Eustachian tube
29 Diagnostic scraping was performed to the woman with dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Multiple convoluted glands, ganglially dilated lumens of some glands were revealed histologically in the scrape. Name the type of general pathological process in endometry:
A. Hypertrophic excrescence
B. Displasia
C. Metaplasia
D. Atrophy
E. Hyperplasia glandulocystica
30 To prevent long-term effects of 4-day malaria a 42-year-old patient was prescribed primaquine. On the 3-rd day from the begin of treatment there appeared stomach and heart pains, dyspepsia, general cyanosis, hemoglobinuria. What caused side effects of the preparation?
A. Decreased activity of microsomal liver enzymes
B. Delayed urinary excretion of the preparation
C. Cumulation of the preparation
D. Genetic insufficiency of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase
E. Drug potentiation by other preparations
31 An intraoperational biopsy of mammary gland has revealed the signs of atypical tissue presented by disorder of parenchyma stroma proportion with domination of the last, gland structures of different size and shape, lined with single-layered proliferative epithelium. What is the most probable diagnosis?
A. Mastitis
B. Fibroadenoma
C. Noninfiltrative cancer
D. Infiltrative cancer
E. Papilloma
32 Inhibition of б-motoneuron of the extensor muscles was noticed after stimulation of б-motoneuron of the flexor muscles during the experiment on the spinal cord. What type of inhibition is this process based upon?
A. Depolarizational
B. Recurrent
C. Lateral
D. Presynaptic
E. Reciprocal
33 Desulfiram is widely used in medical practice to prevent alcocholism. It inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase. Increased level of what metabolite causes aversion to alcochol?
A. Methanol
B. Acetaldehyde
C. Malonyl aldehyde
D. Ethanol
E. Propionic aldehyde
34 A 60-year-old patient fell ill with obturative jaundice as a result of malignant tumour of the big papillary of the duodenum. Lumen of what anatomical structure is compressed by tumour?
A. Left hepatic duct
B. Right hepatic duct
C. Common hepatic duct
D. Hepatopancreatic ampulla
E. Cystic duct
35 A 38-year-old patient died during intractable attack of bronchial asthma. Histologic examination revealed mucus accumulation in bronchial lumen, a lot of fat cells (labrocytes) in the wall of bronches, many of them are in the state of degranulation, there are also a lot of eosinophils. What pathogenesis of bronchial changes is it?
A. Atrophy
B. Cytotoxic, cytolytic action of antibodies
C. Granulomatosis
D. Immunocomplex mechanism
E. Cellular cytolysis
36 Part of alveoles of a preterm infant didn't spread because of enhanced elastic recoil of lungs. How can this recoil be reduced?
A. By artificial pulmonary ventilation
B. By glycose introduction
C. By pure oxygene inhalation
D. By surfactant introduction
E. By fluid suction from the respiratory tracts
37 Autopsy of a man who died from chronic cardiaovascular collapse revealed "tiger heart". Sidewards of endocardium a yellowish-white banding can be seen; myocardium is dull, dark-yellow. What process caused this pathology?
A. Fatty parenchymatous degeneration
B. Carbohydrate degeneration
C. Fatty vascular-stromal degeneration
D. Amyloidosis
E. Hyaline degeneration
38 A patient's blood was analyzed and the decreased erythrocyte's sedimentation rate (ESR) was discovered. What disease from the listed below is accompanied with decreased ESR?
A. Hepatitis
B. Polycytemia
C. Vitamin B deficiency
D. Splenomegaly
E. Myocardial infarction
39 Tuberculine was introduced intracutaneously to the child for tuberculin test. Marked hyperemia, tissue infiltration developed on the place of injection in 24 hours. What mechanism caused these modifications?
A. Antibody cytotoxity
B. Reagin type cytotoxity
C. Granuloma formation
D. Immunocomplex cytotoxity
E. Cell cytotoxity
40 A 34-year-old patient was diagnosed with chronic glomerulonephritis 3 years ago. Edema have developed within the last 6 months. What caused the edema?
A. Hyperosmolarity of plasma
B. Hyperproduction of vasopressin
C. Proteinuria
D. Hyperaldosteronism
E. Liver dysfunction of protein formation
41 A 57-year-old patient was admitted to the gastroenterological department with suspicion of Zollinger-Ellison syndrom because of rapid increase of gastrin level in the blood serum. What is the most probable disorder of the secretory function of stomach?
A. Hypoacidic hypersecretion
B. Hyperacidic hypersecretion
C. Hypoacidic hyposecretion
D. Achylia
E. Hyperacidic hyposecretion
42 A 54-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with complaints of pain in the right subcostal region, vomiting with blood. Objectively: enlarged liver, varicose veins in the stomach and esophagus. Disfunction of what vessel is likely to have taken place?
A. Aorta abdominalis
B. Vena hepatica
C. Vena cava inferior
D. Vena porta
E. Vena cava superior
43 Kidneys of a man under examination show increased resorbtion of calcium ions and decreased resorbtion of phosphate ions. What hormone causes this phenomenon?
A. Thyrocalcitonin
B. Vasopressin
C. Hormonal form D3
D. Aldosterone
E. Parathormone
44 In the specimen of one of the parts of respiratory system a tubular organ was found. It has low epithelium, well developed muscular tunic, glands and cartilage are absent. Name this organ:
A. Median bronchs
B. Larynx
C. Major bronchs
D. Minor bronchs
E. Trachea
45 Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increased by 20% as a result of prolonged starvation of an individual. The most evident cause of filtration changes under this conditions is:
A. Increase of penetration of the renal filter
B. Increase of renal plasma stream
C. Increase of filtration coefficient
D. Decrease of oncotic pressure of blood plasma
E. Increase of systemic blood pressure
46 Microspecimen of red bone marrow contains multiple capillares through the walls of which mature blood cells penetrate into the bloodstream. What type of capillares are these?
A. Fenestrational
B. Sinusoidal
C. Somatical
D. Visceral
E. Lymphatic
47 Secretion of what gastrointestinal hormones will be primarily decreased as a result of iduodenum removal?
A. Neurotensin
B. Histamine
C. Cholecystokinin and secretin
D. Gastrin
E. Gastrin and histamine
48 A person was selling "homemade pork" sausages at the market. State sanitary inspector suspected falcification of the sausages. What serological immune reaction can identifiy food substance?
A. Complement-fixation test
B. Indirect hemagglutination test
C. Precipitation test
D. Immunofluorescence test
E. Agglutination test
49 Microscopic examination of the enlarged neck gland of a 14-year-old girl revealed destruction of the tissue structure of the node, absence of the lymph follicles, sclerotic areas and necrosis foci, cell constitution of the node is polymorphous, lymphocites, eosinophiles, big atypical cells with multilobular nuclei (Beresovsky-Sternberg cells) and mononuclear cells of the large size are present. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Fungoid mycosis
B. Acute lympholeucosis
C. Chronic lympholeucosis
D. Berkitt's lymphoma
E. Lymphogranulomatosis
50 During the operation on the hip joint of a 5-year-old child her ligament was damaged which caused bleeding.What ligament was damaged?
A. Perpendicular of the acetabule
B. Ischiofemoral
C. Pubofemoral
D. Iliofemoral
E. The head of the thigh
51 A mother of a newborn complains of her baby's constant belching with undigested milk. Which developmental anomaly is it an evidence of?
A. Faux lupinum
B. Anal atresia
C. Esophageal atresia
D. Esophageal fistula
E. Labium leporium
52 A patient suffering from trombophlebitis of the deep crural veins suddenly died. Autopsy has shown freely lying red friable masses with dim crimped surface in the trunk and bifurcation of the pulmonary artery. What pathologic process was revealed by morbid anatomist?
A. Fat embolism
B. Embolism with foreign body
C. Thrombosis
D. Tromboembolism
E. Tissue embolism
53 A person has reduced diuresis, hypernatremia, hypokalemia. Hypersecretion of what hormone can cause such changes?
A. Vasopressin
B. Parathormone
C. Auricular sodiumuretic factor
D. Adrenalin
E. Aldosterone
54 During examination of a patient, there was found a neoplasm in the white substance of cerebral hemispheres with localization in the knee and frontal part of posterior crus of internal capsule. Fibres of what conductive tract of the brain will be disrupted?
A. Tr. parietooccipitopontinus
B. Тr. thalamocorticalis
C. Tr. frontopontinus
D. Tr. frontothalamicus
E. Tr. pyramidalis
55 Inflammatory process of modified subserous layer around cervix of the uterus caused an intensive pain syndrome. In what region of genitals does the pathological process take place?
A. Myometrium
B. Perimetrium
C. Mesometrium
D. Parametrium
E. Endometrium
56 A patient with suspicion on epidemic typhus was admitted to the hospital. Some arachnids and insects have been found in his flat. Which of them may be a carrier of the pathogen of epidemic typhus?
A. Lice
B. Bed-bugs
C. Cockroaches
D. Spiders
E. Houseflies
57 The calcium canals of cardiomyocytes have been blocked on an isolated rabbit's heart. What changes in the heart's activity can result from it?
A. Heart stops in systole
B. Decreased rate and force of heart beat
C. Decreased force of the contraction
D. Heart stops in diastole
E. Decreased heart beat rate
58 While enrolling a child to school Mantu's test was made to define whether revaccination was needed. The test result is negative. What does this test result mean?
A. Absence of antitoxic immunity to the tuberculosis
B. Presence of antibodies for tubercle bacillus
C. Absence of antibodies for tubercle bacillus
D. Presence of cell immunity to the tuberculosis
E. Absence of cell immunity to the tuberculosis
59 A 5-year-old child who often fells ill with respiratory diseases has eczematous appearances after consumption of some food products, tendency to prolonged course of inflammatory processes. What kind of diathesis can be suspected in this case?
A. Lymphohypoplastic
B. Hemmorhagic
C. Exudative-catharral
D. Asthenic
E. Arthritism
60 Under some diseases it is observed aldosteronism accompanied by hypertension and edema due to sodium retention in the organism. What organ of the internal secretion is affected under aldosteronism?
A. Ovaries
B. Adrenal glands
C. Testicle
D. Pancreas
E. Hypophysis
61 While having the dinner the child choked and aspirated the food. Meavy cough has started, skin and mucose are cyanotic, pulse is rapid, respiration is infrequent, expiration is prolonged. What disorder of the external respiration has the child?
A. Stenotic respiration
B. Stage of expiratory dyspnea on asphyxia
C. Biot's respiration
D. Alternating respiration
E. Stage of inspiratory dyspnea on asphyxia
62 ATP synthesis is totaly blocked in a cell. How will the value of membrane rest potential change?
A. First it will decrease, then increase
B. It will disappear
C. It will be slightly increased
D. First it will increase, then decrease
E. It will be considerably increased
63 Children often have heavy nasal breathing resulting from excessive development of lymphoid tissue of pharyngeal mucous membrane. What tonsils growth may cause this effect?
A. Tonsilla tubaria
B. Tonsilla pharyngea
C. Tonsilla lingualis
D. Tonsilla palatina
E. All above mentioned tonsils
64 A 2-year-old child has got intestinal dysbacteriosis, which resultsed in hemorrhagic syndrome. What is the most likely cause of hemorrhage of the child?
A. Hypocalcemia
B. Fibrinogen deficiency
C. Vitamin K deficiency
D. Activation of tissue thromboplastin
E. PP hypovitaminosis