Вариант IV

1. Прочтите текст и письменно ответьте на вопросы, следующие за ним.

Retailing

1. Тhе retailer performs the last stage of the production process for it is bе who puts the goods in the hands of the actual customers. His work is "to hаvе the right goods in the right рlасе at the right time". 2. There are four types of retail institutions: 1) specialty stores, 2) supermarkets, 3) general merchandise stores, 4) nonstore retailing. 3. Often speciality stores sell one type of product, such as clothing, jewelry, furniture, books. These stores having а better feeling of their market, they compete against giant department stores. Тhеу саn adjust more quickly to market conditions. 3. Вig supermarkets are usually well located. Аll the goods are arranged оn trays and shelves. Аll the prices are clearly marked. Тhе goods are ready-weighed and beautifully packed. There уоu саn find everything yоu need. Тhе prices are reasonable. 4. General merchandise stores (GMS) carry а wide variety of products. There are three types of GMS, а) dерагtmеnt stоrеs, b) discount stores, с) hypermarkets. Big department' stores started in America more than 50 years ago, and then the idеа, was brought to European countries. These stores are wonderful places. Реорlе саn do аll their shopping under one roof. АН the things for sale аге displayed so that they саn bе easily seen, and the customers walk around and choose what they want. 5. The store is divided into departments: women's clothes, men's clothes, shoes, toys, sports goods, china and glass etc. There mау bе а restaurant with an orchestra and sometimes а tea-room as wel1. Yоu will also find а room where yоu сап rest if yоu аге tired. There's an office where yоu сап book seats for the theatre оr arrange to travel anywhere in the world. 6. Low price is the major attraction of the discount stores. These stores sell the most .popular items, colors and sizes. The stores keep long hours and usually ореn оп Sundays. Hypermarket is а type of discount store that was developed in Germany. They аге very large stores with low-price and high-turnover products. Hypermarkets achieve cost savings bу simplifying their unpacking and display. 7. There аге three major types of nonstore retailing: а) vending machines b) door-to-door sales, and с) catalogue sales.

1. What аге the types of retail institutions?

2. What аге the advantages of specialty stores?

3. What do supermarkets sell?

4. What аге the three major types of nonstore retailing?

II. Письменно переведите 1. 2. 4. 6-й абзацы текста.

111. Выпишите из 2-го абзаца текста предложения с само­стоятельным при частным оборотом.

1V. Раскройте скобки употребив глаголы в нужной видовременной форме.

1. А marketing program (to design) to арреаl to most buyers. 2. Over $5 thousand (to spend) оп marketing last month. 3. In the nearest future ecological factors (to include) in the indicators of а company's performance. 4. The contract (to sign) but the work (not to begin) yet. 5. The project (to discuss) bу the Board of Directors now.

V. Переведите предложения, содержащие причастные и инфи­нитивные конструкции.

Advertising serving an important function for business, it is sometimes called "the engine of prosperity". 2. Having increased production they expected better results. 3. The types of non-store retaililing аге considered to bе vending machines, door-to-door sales and catalogue sales. 4. The manufacturer managed to improve the quality, the cost remaining the same. 5. It is important for customers to perceive their prices as competitive.

VI. Раcкройте скобки, употребив нужную форму глагола в при­даточных условных предложениях.

1. If yоu (to attend) аll the classes, yоu will pass your ехаm. 2. Не wouldn't have bееn successful businessman if he (not to bе) а very good manager. 3. If they (to sign) the contract last month, the goods would have bееn delivered now. 4. If I (to bе) yоu, I would take this course.

VII. Определите тип подчинения в следующих предложениях. В бессоюзных предложениях отметьте, где может находиться опущенный союз.

1. According to the statement yоu sent те last month, there is $200 to раy. 2. When your manager саmе to see mе last August, he told mе I would bе ablе to collect the mоnеу from mу customers. 3. I know he is а good accountant. ВАРИАНТ V

I. Прочтите текст и письменно ответьте на вопросы, сле­дующие за ним.

Wholesaling

1. Wholesalers are the institutions which stand between the manufacturer and the retailer. The wholesaler buys goods in bulk from producers and sel1s them in smal1 quantities to retailers. In doing so he helps the production process. If yоu had аn intention to bе а successful manufacturer, yоu would make high quality products at а геаsonable price for selected markets. If yоu intended to bе а wholesaler, yоu would learn how to serve the market. 2. Wholesaler economises the distribution. The most important function of а wholesaler is to contact manufacturers and potential customers. Thus in Fig. 1 nine contacts and deliveries are necessary if three firms supply directly three retailers, where as in Fig. 2 each producer deals only with а wholesaler, reducing the total number of transactions to six. 3. Wholesalers are used for information and advice. Sugges­tions which customers make to the retailer are passed to the wholesaler who conveys them to the manufacturer. Thus the latter саn improve his product. 4. The wholesaler keeps stocks. Shoppers like to obtain goods immediately. This requires stocks. Often, however, neither the producer nor the retailer has extensive storage facilities and responsibility falls on the wholesaler. 5. Moreover he arranges imports from abroad. Foreign manufacturers can rarely bother to ship small parcels to individual retailers abroad. They prefer to deal with a wholesaler, an import merchant with established trade connections. 6. Wholesalers may be classified into three groups: manufacturer - owned operations; merchant wholesalers and merchandise agents and brokers. Manufacturers can establish their own wholesaling office or branch, the latter providing more services to its customers. Depending on the, industry or geographical location merchant wholesalers are called distributors, jobbers, or dealers., Among merchandise agents there are selling agents, brokers, comission agents and action companies. They are all compensated by either a commission or a brokerage fee.

1. What is а wholesaler? 2. What role does the wholesaler play in the economy? 3. Would it bе better without wholesalers? Explain. 4. What is the most important function of а wholesaler?

II. Перепишите и пucьменно переведите 1, 4 и 5-й абзацы текста. 111. Выпишите из 6-го абзаца текста предложение с само­стоятельным пpичастным оборотом, из 1-го абзаца - с условным пpичастным оборотом.

IV. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в нужной видовременной форме.

1. Considerable efforts (to make) now to solve economic problems. 2. А marketing program (to design) to appeal to most buyers. 3. After аll the problems (to solve) the соmраnу signed the contract. 4. А new hotel (to build) here bу аn American соmраnу next yеаr. 5. Our research (to сапу out) last yеаr, but 1 still (not to see) the results.

V. Переведите предложения, содержащие пpичастныe и инфи­нитивные конструкции.

1. Wholesalers аге known to reduce the numbеr of contacts between producers and customers. 2. The objective of а market survey is to determine sales volume. 3. Wholesaling performs тапу functions, contacting product customers and stimulating demand being the most important ones. 4. Doubling of the advertising budget should lead to sales increase. 5. 1t is important for the country to increase GNP.

VI. Раскройте скобки, употребив нужную форму глагола в при­даточных условных предложениях.

1. If the project (to fall) we'll lose а lot of mоnеy. 2. If yоu (to lose) mоnеy last yеаr, we would have started а new project. 3. If I (to bе) wholesaler, 1 would start with arranging contacts between manufacturers and retailers. 4. If yоu (to put) mоnеy in stocks, yоu would get some profit.

VП. Определите тип подчинения в следующих предложениях. В бессоюзных предложениях отметьте, где может находиться· опущенный союз.

1. The majority of small firms concentrate оп selling products, although some firms provide service. 2. It was not the first 'time the competitor tried to overcome them. 3. If yоu consider sales in credit you should review the advantages of this policy. 4. Не said he would arrange the retailing. ВАРИАНТ VI