7.Indoor Environmental Quality: How to Avoid Indoor Pollution.
Air is a mixture of gases, mainly nitrogen and oxygen, usually contains some Water Vapour
and like other gases had own characteristik, to be axact: Volume Temperature Weigh Pressure
Enviromental quality be devisible by indoor and outdoor. Air be included in indoor Enviromental quality.
"Indoor Environmental Quality," as the name implies, simply refers to the quality of the air in an office or other building environments. Trough of poor quality aeration and indoor contaminants can be develop respiratory symptoms or allergic reactions. Indoor environments are highly complex and building occupants may be exposed to a variety of contaminants (in the form of gases and particles) from office machines, cleaning products, construction activities, carpets and furnishings, perfumes, cigarette smoke, water-damaged building materials, microbial growth (fungal/mold and bacterial), insects, and outdoor pollutants.
Here are five things you can do to get rid of air indoor pollution.
Keep your floors clean. Floors tend to accumulate much of the dust that can rise into the air and present a threat of respiratory problems.
Do a radon test. If radon level higher than norm, it can be develop cancerous illness....
Don’t smoke indoors.
Dehumidify. Appropriate humidity in your home around 30-50%.
Use natural products
If you will follow this roles, then you helth keep virgin.
8. History of heating
Everyone will agree that comfort is necessary for living. The discovery of making a fire is considered to be people’s first attempt to create comfort.
But it was the Romans who had contributed a lot to the development of heating. They constructed the floor of their buildings on a series of supporting piers, which they made of flat tiles. They placed the piers 2 feet apart for the hot gases to travel under the floor. The Romans used charcoal for the central fire to avoid accumulation of soot.
The next step was the introduction of the warm air furnace which was later replaced with the hot water boiler and pipe system. Sir John Stone was the first to install a heating system of pipes in the Bank of England in 1790. The introduction of radiators was the next stage in the heating evolution. Accelerated circulation of hot water reduced the size of the pipe diameter. The “era” of radiant heating came later. Sometime later it was discovered that small hot pipes embedded in plaster or concrete gave good results and formed a very efficient heating system. Nowadays use water and gas central heating in the main, but it is very costly and expensive sources. Begin to appear alternative energy sources such as sun, hydro power, wind, nuclear energy that will be cheaper and more effective.
9. Heating.
There are 3 main types of heat transfer: Conduction, Convection, Radiation.
All objects give out and take in thermal radiation. The hotter an object is, the more infrared radiation it emits. Radiation can even work through the vacuum of space.
Local heating is in common use in many countries. The earliest type of local heating system was the open fire within a cave. Some room heaters burn gas to produce heat. Electric room heaters pass an electric current through a series of wires.
A warm-air heating system warms the air in a furnace and then forces it through a system of ducts to each room. These systems can do more than just heat the air.
Steam or hot-water heating systems are used in many large buildings. Fuel burning in the boiler produces heat for the system. The convectors of hot-water system give off most of their heat by convection and radiation. One difficulty in heating with high temperature convectors is that the air near the ceiling becomes warmer than the air in other parts of the room.
Radiant heating is a method of equalizing temperature within a room. Radiant heat provides comfort at a lower room temperature than other heating systems.
There are 3 basic arrangements for the pipework connecting the boiler to the radiators:
A single pipe loop arrangement has a single loop of pipework running from the boiler and returning to the boiler. Each radiator 'sits' upon the pipe with both radiator connections made to the same pipe. A major disadvantage of this arrangement is that the first radiator gets hotter than the second one etc.
Feed and return pipes. The heated water from the boiler is fed to one side of every radiator (the feed pipe) while the other end of each radiator is connected to a separate common return pipe. This means that the temperature of the water entering each radiator is more or less the same so each radiator.
The micro bore system uses normal pipework for the feed from the boiler to manifolds and from manifolds back to the boiler on the return side. From each manifold, small pipework is connected to a number of radiators.