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Московский государственный машиностроительный университет "МАМИ"

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Автомобили

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Расчет автомобиля с КЭУ

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3500		240	68.6	100
4000		256	72.2	100

N ,							,
g 10, /( )							,
75							300
70							280
65							260
60							240
55							220
50							200
45							180
40							160
35							140
30							120
25							100
20						Ne	80
						Ne
15						ge	60
						ge
10						Nemin	40
5						Me	20
5							20
0							0
500	1000	1500	2000	2500	3000	3500	4000
			n ,
. 6.2.
			.
				101

ge, /( )
300
250
200
150
100
500	1000	1500	2000	2500	3000	3500	4000
			ne,
. 6.3. .

-I = 0.05

-= 0.87;

-= 0.95;

- = 0.9;

-= 0.85;

0.87 0.95 0.9 0.744 ;

0.87 0.95 0.85 0.703.

, .

1 – . ,

. ,

11 c 1

102

E	0
:
Q	0	0

2 – .

, .

t. :

t = 0.5 ;

t = 11 ;

- :

V = 0 ;

- :

t = t + t = 11 + 0.5 = 11.5 [ ]; - :

V = j · t · 3.6 + V , = 1.042 · 0.5 · 3.6 + 0 = 1.875 [ ]; - :

		a	V V		0 1.875	0.938
	V						[ ];

2				2

- ,

, [ ]:

				1 4 10 5		a2		a		1
	f	Ga	f0				V
N					V

				3.6					1000		0.938		1
	f	2825 9.81 0.014 1 4 10 5 0.9382												0.101
N
												1000
									3.6

- ,

, [ ]:

	c					3a		1	0.7			0.9383		1
					V
N w		x	F		V
		x								1.24	4.215				0.000	;
	2			3.6			3	1000	2	1.24	4.215	3.6	3	1000	0.000	;
	2			3.6				1000	2			3.6		1000

- , [ ]:

	j	Ga	j j		V a	1
N							;

		g		3.6 1000

- :

103

	j	1	I	i2			g		I			k		g
		1		G r 2			g	G		a	r 2			g
				G r 2				G			r 2
				a	k								k
j		1	0.05 4.112			0.922				9.81					1.634 4		9.81 1.022
j		1	2825 9.81 0.3432							9.81					2825 9.81 0.343	2	9.81 1.022
			2825 9.81 0.3432												2825 9.81 0.343	2


		2 0		0.992 0.96 0.922
	j		2825 9.81		1.042 1.022	0.938		1	0.783
N										[ ];
							1000
		9.81		3.6

- ,

, :

	N f N w N j		0.101 0.000 0.783	0.959
N					[ ];

		0.93

-, :

t N t , [ ]

, ,

t :

			t


E	t , [ ]			, [ ].
E	t , [ ]	3600		, [ ].
		3600

104

ja = 1.042			j = 1.022		= 0.922							= 0.744
t ,	t ,		V ,	V ,	t, c		V	a ,		N	f ,			N	w ,	N	j ,	N	,	E	t ,
11		11.5	0	1.875	0.5	0.938			0.101				0			0.783		0.959		0.645
11.5		12	1.875	3.75	0.5	2.813			0.303				0.001			2.35		2.878		1.935
12		12.5	3.75	5.625	0.5	4.688			0.506				0.004			3.916		4.8		3.227
12.5		13	5.625	7.5	0.5	6.563			0.708				0.012			5.482		6.727		4.522
13		13.5	7.5	9.375	0.5	8.438			0.912				0.026			7.049		8.662		5.822
13.5		14	9.375	11.25	0.5	10.313			1.116				0.048			8.615		10.605		7.129
14		14.5	11.25	13.125	0.5	12.188			1.321				0.079			10.182		12.56		8.443
14.5		15	13.125	15	0.5	14.063			1.528				0.121			11.748		14.529		9.766
, :
E			41.488

:
Q			0

3 – .

V = 15 ,

t = 8 .

- , ,

N f	Ga	f0	1 4 10 5 V 2	V		1	;

			3.6		1000			15		1
N f	2825 9.81 0.014 1 4 10 5 152										1.669
									1000
							3.6

- , :

N w	c	x	F	V 3			1	0.7	1.24 4.215	153			1	0.147	[ ];
	2			3.6	3	1000		2		3.6	3	1000

- ,

, :

N	N f	N w	1.669 0.147	1.949	[ ];
			0.922

- ,

N t

, [ ].

= 0.922		= 0.744
t ,	V ,	N f ,	N w ,	N ,	E ,
8	15	1.631	0.147	1.928	20.74

20.74

4 – . ,

. , ,

: ja = -0.69, – -0.92.

-( ):

t = 0.5 ;

t = 23 ;

V = 15 ;

t = t + t = 23 + 0.5 = 23.5 [ ]; - :

V = j · t · 3.6 + V , = - 0.69 · 0.5 · 3.6 + 15 = 13.758 [ ]; - :

		a	V V		15 13.758	14.379
	V						[ ];

2				2

- ,

, [ ]:

					1 4 10 5		a2		a		1
		f	Ga	f0				V
N						V

					3.6					1000		14.379		1
	f		2825 9.81 0.014 1 4 10 5 14.3792
N
													1000
										3.6

- ,

, [ ]:

1.562

	c					3a		1	0.7			14.3793		1
					V
N w		x	F
										1.24	4.215				0.13	;
	2			3.6			3	1000	2			3.6	3	1000

- , [ ]:

			j		Ga			j j			V a			1
	N				Ga						V a			1		;
	N															;
						g			3.6			1000
- :
		j		1			I i2						g			I			k		g
				1				G r 2					g		G		a	r 2			g
								G r 2							G			r 2
								a	k										k
j				1			0.05 4.112 0.922									9.81								1.634 4			9.81	1.022
j				1			2825 9.81 0.3432									9.81						2825 9.81 0.3432					9.81	1.022
							2825 9.81 0.3432															2825 9.81 0.3432
			j			2825 9.81				0.69 1.022									14.379					1	7.96
	N					2825 9.81													14.379					1		[ ];
	N																						1000			[ ];
							9.81													3.6			1000

107

- ,

, :

N N j N f N w 7.96 1.562 0.13 0.922 5.779 [ ]; - , t:

E t N t 5.779 0.5 703 2.03 [ ].

108

1 4

ja = -0.69		j = 1.022		= 0.922				= 0.703
															t ,
t , c	t ,	V ,	V ,	t,
					V a ,		N f ,		N w ,		N j ,		N ,
					V a ,		N f ,		N w ,		N j ,		N ,

23	23.5	15	13.758	0.5	14.379	1.562			0.13	7.96		5.779		2.03
23.5	24	13.758	12.516	0.5	13.137	1.426			0.099	7.272		5.3		1.862
24	24.5	12.516	11.274	0.5	11.895	1.289			0.073	6.585		4.815		1.691
24.5	25	11.274	10.032	0.5	10.653	1.153			0.053	5.897		4.326		1.519
2 4
ja = -0.92		j = 1.022		= 0.922				= 0.703
25	25.5	10.032	8.376	0.5	9.204	0.995			0.034	6.793		5.315		1.867
25.5	26	8.376	6.72	0.5	7.548	0.815			0.019	5.571		4.368		1.534
26	26.5	6.72	5.064	0.5	5.892	0.636			0.009	4.349		3.415		1.2
26.5	27	5.064	3.408	0.5	4.236	0.457			0.003	3.127		2.459		0.864
27	27.5	3.408	1.752	0.5	2.58	0.278			0.001	1.904		1.499		0.526
27.5	28	1.752	0.096	0.5	0.924	0.1			0	0.682		0.537		0.189
	,	:
E		13.282
:
Q		0

5 – . , . ,

	21 c 5
	:
	E		0
	:
	Q		0			0
	6 – .
6
ja = 0.833				j = 1.022			= 0.922							= 0.744
	t ,	t ,			V ,	V ,	t, c			a ,				,		w ,			j ,		,		t ,
												N						N
									V						N					N
									V				f		N					N		E
49		49.5		0		1.5	0.5	0.75						0.081	0		0.501			0.631		0.424
49.5		50		1.5		3	0.5	2.25						0.243	0		1.504			1.894		1.273
50		50.5		3		4.5	0.5	3.75						0.404	0.002		2.506			3.159		2.123
50.5		51		4.5		6	0.5	5.25						0.566	0.006		3.509			4.426		2.975
51		51.5		6		7.5	0.5	6.75						0.729	0.013		4.511			5.697		3.83
51.5		52		7.5		9	0.5	8.25						0.892	0.024		5.514			6.973		4.687
52		52.5		9		10.5	0.5	9.75						1.055	0.04		6.516			8.255		5.549
52.5		53		10.5		12	0.5	11.25						1.219	0.062		7.519			9.543		6.415
53		53.5		12		13.5	0.5	12.75						1.383	0.09		8.521			10.839		7.286
53.5		54		13.5		15	0.5	14.25						1.548	0.126		9.524			12.144		8.163
	,			:
	E			42.725

	:
											110

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