Оксана Гончарова
1). …….assimilation has taken place in the course of historical development of a language.
2). ……..assimilation takes place an active process in a language at a given point in time.
3). When assimilation follows the phonetic laws of the language acquired by the educated population we call it…….. .
4). ………assimilations are characteristic of fluent or careless speech and should be avoided by public speakers.
5). In modern language ………… assimilations are special allophonic variants characteristic of the natives` speech.
Keys. Test №1.
Historical
Living
Obligatory
Non-obligatory
Obligatory
Тест №2.
1). What are the Degrees of Stability of assimilation?
a). obligatory and non-obligatory assimilation
b). complete and incomplete
c). progressive and regressive
2). What assimilation has taken place in the course of historical development of a language?
a). Living
b). Historical
c). Complete
3). What assimilation takes place an active process in a language at a given point in time?
a). Living
b). Historical
c). Complete
4). What is another name of historical assimilation?
a). Diachronic
b). Synchronic
c). Established
5). What is another name of living assimilation?
a). Diachronic
b). Synchronic
c). Established
6). Where can we find historical assimilation?
a). orchard
b). does she
c). horseshoe
7). What assimilation follows the phonetic laws of the language acquired by the educated population?
a). Obligatory
b). Non-obligatory
c). Living
8). How do we call the assimilation that is the result of fluent or careless speech?
a). 1. Obligatory
b). Non-obligatory
c). Living
9). What is another name of obligatory assimilation?
a). Diachronic
b). Synchronic
c). Established
10). Who should especially avoid non-obligatory assimilation?
a). Public speakers, teachers, lectures…
b). Native speakers
c). Teenagers
Keys. Test№2.
A); 2) b); 3) a); 4) a); 5) b); 6) a); 7) a); 8) b); 9) c); 10) a).
Intonation, its Nature in English
Глушакова Лия
1. Intonation is based on several key components:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
(Pitch, Sentence stress, Rhythm, Tempo, Pauses)
2. Pitch -
1. the degree of height of our voice in speech
2. provides rhythm in connected speech
3. has been defined as regularity or periodicity in the occurrence of a particular phenomenon in an utterance.
(1)
3. The tempo of speech -
1. makes the utterance understandable to the listener by making the important words in the sentence stressed
2. has been defined as regularity or periodicity in the occurrence of a particular phenomenon in an utterance
3. the rate at which utterances and their smaller units are pronounced.
(3)
4. The speech continuum is divided into units of different length and hierarchy by means of:
Tempo
Pauses
Sentence stress
(2)
5. Functions of intonation:
1.
2.
3.
4.
(Attitudinal functions, Accentual functions, Grammatical functions, Discourse functions )
6. In general, linguists distinguish several main types of English intonation. The two basic types are:
1.
2.
(falling intonation, rising intonation)
7. The unites of the Prosodic system of a language:
1.
2.
3.
4.
(the syllable, the rhythmic unit, the intonation group, the utterance)
8. Rhythm
1. has been defined as regularity or periodicity in the occurrence of a particular phenomenon in an utterance
2. makes the utterance understandable to the listener by making the important words in the sentence stressed
3. the degree of height of our voice in speech
(1)
9. Normal speaking pitch is at
1. low level
2. high level
3. midlevel.
(3)
10. …provides rhythm in connected speech
1. Sentence stress
2. pitch
3. tempo
(1)
11. Phoneticians distinguish three main types of pauses:
1.
2.
3.
( silent pauses, pauses of perception, voiced ( filled) pauses)
12. is the most common type of standard unemphatic intonation in English.
1. rising intonation
2. Falling intonation
3. low-rise intonation
(2)
13. An important feature of English intonation
1. is the use of an intonational accent (and extra stress) to mark the focus of a sentence.
2. is the rate at which utterances and their smaller units are pronounced.
3. is indicating some sort of contrast or link with material in another tone unit.
(1)
14. Falling intonation is used in:
1. What a wonderful surprise!
2. Was she glad to see him?
3. Did you see any lions?
(1)
15. Rising intonation is used in:
1.It’s risky.
2. She bought bread, cheese and tomatoes.
3,Stop it! Sit down.
(2)
Styles of Pronunciation. Topics for discussion