6. Complex method of paragraph development: definition.

The meanings of definition. The ways to express definition. Definition of words having many meanings. Basic requirements of definition. The tone of definition.

Definition is used to fully describe a term or concept in the most easily understood way.

Usually you will not need to use definition to develop a paragraph as much as you will use it for an entire essay, but there are times when definition can take over the entirety of a paragraph in order to establish the term's meaning for the rest of the essay.

In writing definition you should be guided by following questions: Have you clearly and precisely defined the topic you chose? Does your definition make sense?

Definitions can be divided into vocabulary and author’s. Vocabulary definition obviously can be given from different literature sources while author’s definition gives description of something according to author’s thoughts.

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7. Complex methods of a paragraph development: comparison and analogy.

Comparison as expression of similarity. The units of speech used to express comparison. Bases of comparison. Combination of comparison and simple methods of paragraph development. Analogy as detailed comparison. The two uses of analogy: reasoning, explaining things.

In paragraph of comparison you must show only those matters that are similar. You must have a bases of comparison and a specific quality, point of issue toward which to work and control what you say and how you say it.

You must also keep in mind that your basic materials (details, reasons, illustrations) should be arranged in appropriate order (time order, general-to specific, climatic) so that the coherence of the paragraph will be maintained as effectively as possible.

Comparison may be made with a help of reactions, your own or someone else’s or both.

You must remember that comparison has to do only with similarities of the sings being compared and that the whole paragraph should be completed from that point of view.

Analogy is a detail of comparison. It’s used while reasoning, it often provides the insights (выводы) that sometimes results in discoveries. Bur it may be risky because sense may be resemble (схожий) each other in some aspects, but be different in some important qualities. The validity of conclusions based on analogy must always be determined by that facts that exist, not by suppositions or guesses. Analogy is also used for explaining things. It is when the unfamiliar one explained in turns of familiar that is similar in certain aspects. You use this kind of analogy when you demonstrate attention to the each of the child by means of a ball. Thus analogy is based on the resemblance (напоминание) not actually linked between the things compared.

Ex: The major governs a city much as a captain rules a ship.

When there are a number of points of resemblance you can explain them point by point throughout the paragraph. Analogy of thus type is often used in scientific explanations when the writer wants to make clear a new subject or a little known subject by comparing it with a subject clearly understood by everybody. Analogy must have a central focus like other types of comparisons. History gives natural material for analogy since the events or situations of one time may resemble those of another time.

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