MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

T.RYSKULOV'S KAZAKH ECONOMIC UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF"INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS"

COURSE WORK

THEME: «Макроэкономическая стабильность в Казахстане».

Author: Abdrakhman Aida

Almaty - 2013

Plan:

Introduction........................................................................................................3-4

I. Macroeconomic stabilization in Kazakhstan ……………………..……………..5-6

1. Anti-inflationary monetary policy …………………………………………………...…5-6

2. What cost the macroeconomic stability Kazakhstan ……………………....6-13

II. Income distribution …………………………………………………………..14-16

2.1. The macroeconomic situation in Kazakhstan at the moment ……................14-16

2.2. The main direction of the economic policy of Kazakhstan ……...................17-18

III. Characteristics of the credit system in the market relations………………….….19

3.1. The essence of the credit system of the Republic of Kazakhstan………………19

3.2. The functions and structure of the credit system of the RK…………………20-21

3.3. The formation and development of the credit system in the Republic of Kazakhstan………………………………………………………………………21-22

Conclusion..........................................................................................................23

List of used literature………………………………………………………….…….24

Introduction

All countries with economies in transition are faced with the need to achieve macroeconomic stabilization. This problem is one of the most important in the overall program of transformation of a planned economy to a market economy.

    Macroeconomic stabilization encompasses the whole range of problems associated with a slowing or complete stopping of inflation, balance the state budget, the tightening of fiscal and monetary policy, the achievement of equilibrium in the market.

    There are different economic theories to explain a certain point the nature and causes of inflation. However, they all agree on the fact that at a certain, higher, level of inflation becomes dangerous for the economy and social stability. Negative impact of high inflation is this: devalued incomes, especially employed in the public sector, there is a redistribution of wealth from the poorest to the richest segments of the population, which undermines social stability and increases social stratification, destroyed the country's monetary system, foreign currency notes begin to displace the national currency in money circulation, blooms barter, money savings companies depreciate possible investment, no long-term solutions can not be accepted, undermined the basis for economic growth.

    Planned economy was characterized by two forms of inflation: open (passing in the form of one-off administrative price increases) and latent. The latter was the main form of depreciation of money and was manifested in the form of an all-inclusive deficit of goods and services, poor quality goods at a fixed price, "washout" of cheap goods from the range, the presence of pent-up demand in the form of forced savings.

    Integral part of the shock therapy that was developed by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank for the countries of Eastern Europe, are anti-inflationary measures in the arsenal of monetarism. In the most general terms, this concept considers inflation as a purely monetary phenomenon, caused by an excessive amount of money in circulation. Therefore, the introduction of inflation in a reasonable framework can be implemented quickly by reducing the demand and the money supply.

Some researchers believe that a non-monetary inflation or at least not only monetary nature. As the causes of inflation, the following:

1. Structural imbalances between industries and sectors of the economy. Inherited from the centrally planned system of micro-and macro-economic imbalances not only meet the standards of the market economy, but also does not allow you to quickly beat inflation. The latter can only be stopped after a radical structural transformation, which takes decades.

2. The high level of monopolization of the economy, which explains the monopolistic behavior of producers in the market and set their monopoly prices.

3. Global militarization of domestic economy, exaggerated level of the MIC. These segments of the economy, by definition, are non-market. Their products are not oriented to the free market and only at the government contracts and funding from the state budget. Factors of production are not sufficiently mobile and can not easily be moved to a market-oriented sectors of the economy. In other words, the gap between the demand for consumer goods, which makes the population, and the market supply of these goods can not be easily eliminated, what remains the basis for inflation.

    Several authors argue that inflation is the rise in production costs: the pressure of rising prices for energy and raw materials and other resources, increase in transportation tariffs, etc. In this approach, the initial impetus to the growth of prices given production factors, and money is considered only as a passive tool. Then the price increase requires a "pull" of the money supply (with the speed of its circulation) to the increased level of prices. In the modern market economy, with its advanced and flexible monetary system, such an expansion of the money supply is automatic. In a transition economy, such a system does not exist yet, so the need for measures of public policy, leading to the harmonization between higher prices and volume of funds. Otherwise, there is an acute shortage of means of payment, and the cost-push inflation is manifested not only in the growth of prices, but the crisis in production cuts. Therefore, proponents of cost inflation believe that anti-inflationary monetary policy does not lead to suppression or containment of inflation factors, but only to an acute shortage of means of payment in the country. It may be the result of the deepening economic crisis in the country, further reducing production, growth of non-payment. The applied program provides monetary effect as slowing price growth, which is not achieved at the expense of eliminating the reasons for inflation, due to the fall in output, which ultimately makes it very fragile and very slow inflation.

    Eastern European countries in transition, the most actively conducting transformational conversion, mainly oriented to the monetary concepts and approaches to stabilization. Let us consider the program of monetary stabilization.