22) What is the purpose of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination?

Ответ: The main purpose of the convention is to commit parties to the elimination of all forms of racial discrimination, and to promote understanding among all races. The provisions of the convention protect human rights of all races and they have mechanism for this protection.

23) Give the definition of torture.

Ответ: Torture is any inhuman, cruel, humiliating and degrading treatment, abuse of human dignity, and physical or moral impact.

Let’s give the World Medical Association's very wide definition of torture contained in the Tokyo Declaration of 1975 as:

«The torture is the deliberate, systematic or wanton infliction of physical or mental suffering by one or more persons acting alone or on the orders of any authority, to force another person to yield information, to make a confession, or for any other reason. Tokyo Declaration, 1975

24) Give a definition of discrimination against women.

Ответ: The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) defines discrimination against women as:

« Any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women, irrespective of their marital status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any other field».

26) Which implies implementation of human rights?

Ответ: Realization (implementation) of human rights is, first of all, observance of his rights and the implementation of measures for the protection and creation of conditions in which his rights are respected. The implementation of human rights must be the main direction in the policy of any state. Special documents (conventions, covenants) implement and promote of human rights in any state.

27) Identify the basic function of the un Commission on Human Rights.

Ответ: The Commission on Human Rights is the main policy-making body dealing with human rights issues. Its basic function is to prepare studies, make recommendations and to draft international human rights conventions and declarations. It also investigates allegations of human rights violations and handles communications relating to them.

28) Describe what does the basic meaning of the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

Ответ: The Optional Protocol is an international treaty establishing an individual complaints mechanism for the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), therefore the basic meaning of the Optional Protocol is to establish the mechanism of the protection of human rights and to achieve the purposes of the Covenant, as well as to implement its provision.

29) List the institutional bodies for the protection of human rights.

Ответ: There are several main bodies, which deal with protection of human rights:

1) The General Assembly is the main deliberative body of the United Nations reviews and takes action on human rights matters referred to it by its Third Committee and by the Economic and Social Council.

2) The Economic and Social Council makes recommendations to the General Assembly on human rights matters, and reviews reports and resolutions of the Commission on Human Rights and transmits them with amendments to the General Assembly.

3) The Commission on Human Rights is the main policy-making body dealing with human rights issues.

4) The Commission on the Status of Women prepares recommendations and reports to the Economic and Social Council on the promotion of women's rights in political, economic, social and educational fields.