Theme 5. Studying of excitement conduction through neural and muscular fibers

Questions for Speech and Test Control.

1. Physiologic characteristics of the nervous fibres.

2. Mechanisms of the conducting the nervous impulse by myelinated and non myelinated nerve fibres.

3. Regularities of conducting the excitation.

4. The rate of conducting the excitation, the factors which influence it. The characteristic of nervous fibres of the type A, B, C.

Questions for Written Answer.

7. Draw the scheme and describe the structure of myelinated and non myelinated nerve fibres.

8. List of excitation conduction laws through myelinated and non myelinated nerve fibres.

9. Describe types of influences which may block excitation conducting through nervous fibres.

10. What is the physiologic importance of the isolated conducting the excitation through the nervous fibre?

11. Why is the energy spent less in saltatory spreading the excitation then in its unceasing motion along the whole of membrane? Explain the role of Ranviye nodes in conducting the excitation through the nervous fibre.

12. Describe the experiments on investigating the laws of conducting the excitation through the nervous fibres.

Curriculum of the Practical studies.

1. Review and discuss the film about the characteristics of the nervous fibres.

2. Studying regularities of conducting the excitation through the fibres on the neuromuscular frog preparation with the help of the film.

Theme 6. Neuromuscular synapse. Neuromuscular transmission.

Questions for Speech and Test Control.

1. The neuromuscular synapse, its structure, functions.

2. Mechanisms of the chemical transmission of the excitation through the neuromuscular synapse.

3. The potential of the terminal plate (PTP).

4. Physiologic mechanisms of the neuromuscular transmission blockade.

Questions for Written Answer.

1. Draw the neuromuscular synapse and mark its main parts.

2. Describe the mechanism of conducting the excitation through the neuromuscular synapse.

3. Drow the cheme of potential of the terminal plate (PTP).

4. Describe the physiologic mechanisms of the neuromuscular transmission blockade.

Curriculum of the Practical studies.

1. Review and discuss the film about the mechanism of conducting the excitation through the neuromuscular synapses.

Theme 7. Studying of muscular contraction mechanism.

Questions for Speech and Test Control.

1. Classification and structure of the muscular tissue in the human body. The motor units.

2. Functions and characteristics of the skeletal muscles. Types of the muscular fibres.

3. Mechanism of contracting and relaxing the skeletal muscles. Mechanisms of the excitation and the contraction in the muscular fibres.

4. Types of muscles contraction depending on the irritability frequency: single, tetanic.

5. Types of muscles contraction depending on the contraction conditions: isometric, isotonic.

6. The dependence between the length of the muscular fibre and its strain. The dependence between the rate of contracting muscles and their loading.

7. The strength and the work of muscles. The energy of the muscular contraction.

8. Features of the membranous potentials of the smooth muscular cells.

9. The mechanism of the muscular contraction of the smooth muscles.

Questions for written Answer.

1. Draw the scheme of a sceletal muscle structure and the scheme of its fibre structure.

2. Draw the scheme of the motor unit.

3. Draw the scheme of the smooth muscle structure.

4. Draw the scheme of correlation the excitation processes, the contraction ones and changes of the excitation in the skeletal muscles during single contraction: mark fases of single contraction and the duration of the phases.

5. Draw the myogram of the denticulated and the smooth tetanus.

6. Describe mechanisms of the muscular contraction of the striped and the smooth muscles. Describe the laws of “gradation” and “ all or nothing”

7. Describe what processes in the muscle are the energy dependent. What processes are needed the ATP energy?

8. Describe the electromyography method and its significance for the treatment.

Curriculum the Practical Studies.

1. Review and discuss the film about the structure and functioning of the cellular membranes.

2. Review and discuss the film about the physiology of muscles.