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MODULE 1

General Physiology.

Contents of Submodule 1.

Introduction into Physiology.

Specific Aims.

1. Explain the physiologic methods of investigating the human body functions on the experimental animals as well as in studying the human body functions in the different physiologic states.

2. Interpret the notion of "physiologic system”, “functional system” of the human body and the role of mechanisms in regulating the adaptability reactions.

3. Analyze the stages of physiology formation as the fundamental discipline and the role of some scientists on every stage of its development.

Theme 1. Topic and Tasks of Physiology. Methods of physiological investigations.

Questions for speech and Test Control.

1. Physiology as the science which studies the objective regularities of the human body functions and its structures (systems, organs, tissues, cells) in their unity and the human body interaction with the external environment.

2. Physiology as the scientific foundation of medicine of the human body functions, the ways of preserving health and efficiency. The importance of physiology in training the medical personnel.

3. Methods of physiologic investigations: observing, experiments, modeling.

4. Standards of the human body structure and its functions. The interaction of the human body and the external environment.

5. The physiologic characteristic of the functions and their parameters. Correlation between the structure and the function. Age and sexual features of the functions.

6. Functions of cells, tissues, organs, physiologic systems of the human body. Homeostasis and homeokinesis.

Questions for Written Control.

1. Give determination of the physiology as a science. Name the main principles of the human physiology.

2. Name the methods of the physiologic investigations and descrile the advantages of the electric stimulation methods.

3. Formulate the irritability, excitability, excitation.

4. List and characterize the physiological properties of nervous and muscular tissue.

5. Determine the threshold of stimulation.

Theme 2. The Main Stages of Physiology Development (isw)

Questions for Speech and Test Control

1. Stages of physiology development. The role of W. Harvey’s, R. Dekart′s works. The formation and the development of physiology in the XIX^th Century (K. Bernar, E. Dyubya-Reimon, W. Kennon, K. Lyudvig, Ch. Sherrington.)

2. The works of I. M. Sechenov, I.P. Pavlov, N. Ye. Wedensku, A. A. Ychtomsky, I. A. Orbeli, P. K. Anochin, P.Y. Kostyuk. Their contribution into the development of the world physiology.

3. The Ukrainian physiologic school – V. Ya. Danilevsky, V. Yu Tchagovets, D. I. Vorontsov, F. N. Lerkov, P. Y. Kostyuk, V. I. Skok, M. F. Shuba, Y.V. Folbort, V.V. Frolkis.

Questions for Written Control

1. Tests for evaluation of the student’s initial knowledge level.

Curriculum of the Practical Studies.

1. Acquaintance with the the department and its scientific equipment.

2. Acquaintance with the scientific trend of the department

3. Review and analyze the studying film on the neuromuscular preparation of the sciantic nerve of the muscles gastrocnemius of the frog.

4. Review and analyze the studying film about the influence of mechanical, chemical and electric irritation on the neuromuscular preparation.

Contents of submodule 2 Physiology of the excitable tissues.

Specific Aims:

1. Explain mechanisms of the development of the rest and the action potentials in the nervous and in the muscular fibres and interpret their parameters.

2. Explain mechanisms of the electric current action on the excitable tissues and interpret the influence of the electric impulses with the different parameters on the membranous potentials of the nervous and the muscular fibres.

3. Make conclusions of the excitability the basis of the threshold of depolarization value.

4. Explain mechanisms and the natural phenomena of the nervous fibres, interpret the causes of the conductivity disturbance.

5. Explain mechanisms of the chemical transmission of the excitability through the neuromuscular synapse.

6. Interpret mechanisms of the block of the neuromuscular excitation conductivity.

7. Explain mechanisms of the excitation and contraction coopling in muscular fibres, mechanisms of contracting and relaxing.

8. Describe the dependency of the character of contracting of the irritability.

9. Name the factors witch influence the force of the muscles contraction.