Subordinate clause of a complex sentence
In nominal and attributive clauses of complex sentences only 3 Oblique Moods are used: SII, SI, the SM.
after I wish in object clauses - SII
1) I wish I _____________________ now.
2) I wish I _____________________ yesterday.
3) I wish he ______________________!
4) I wish we _______________________...
+ modal verb would to express desire, hesitation, reproach. If our wish depends on circumstances, we use the verb could.
in indirect questions, mainly after the expression of doubt in object clauses – SII
after I’d rather/sooner in object clauses - SII
1) I’d rather you _____________________ now.
2) I’d rather you _____________________ yesterday.
BUT! In a simple sentence
3) I’d rather (not) ____________________ now.
4) I’d rather (not) ____________________ yesterday.
after as if/though in predictive clauses - SII 2 forms
1) It looks as though she ___________________ now.
2) It seems as if he ____________________yesterday.
after it’s (about/high) time in attributive clauses - SII
It’s time we _____________________ .
NB! It’s time to do smth/for smb to do smth/ smb did smth.
after expressions of modality (recommendation, order, suggestion, command, etc.) in subject, object, predicative, attributive appositive clauses - SI/the non-perfect SM
1) We advise …
2) They insist …
3) The speaker finds it crucial …
4) His proposal is …
5) The president ordered …
6) Her advice was …
7) The doctor’s demand is …
8) The woman requested …
9) The manager was determined…
10) The order was …
11) He heard our requirement …
12) It’s important …
after expressions of personal attitude in all nominal and in attributive clauses – only the SM (both non-perfect and perfect)
1) He is surprised …
2) It’s amazing …!
3) It’s impossible …!
4) It shocked her …
5) It’s interesting …
6) They are sorry …
7) My surprise … was huge.
8) It’s crazy …!
9) It’s likely …
10) It’s natural …
11) It’s normal …
12) It’s a shame …
after expressions of fear in nominal and attributive clauses - the SM mostly non-perfect/ rarely SI
1) We fear …
2) I’m afraid …
3) His fear was …
4) It’s really terrifying …
5) She is frightened …
6) My terror … was hard to estimate.
7) I am scared …
8) They are afraid …
9) My fear … is great.
10) She seems to fear …
11) … is my only fear.
12) Are you afraid …?
In adverbial clauses of complex sentences
1.In adverbial clauses of comparison or manner introduced by the conjunctions as if, as though - SII:
His voice broke as if he (be going to cry) were going to cry. (simultaneous action)
He speaks as if he (see) had never seen me before. (prior action)
2.In adverbial clauses of unreal condition or concession after the conjunction even if, even though - SII. The principal clause contains a form of the Conditional Mood:
I (take) shouldn't take this line if I (be) were you. (present action)
Even if they (want) had wanted me to stay I (refuse) should have refused. (past action)
Clauses of unreal condition may be introduced asyndetically. In this case inversion serves as a means of subordination. Such sentences are characteristic of literary style:
Even if it all were true, it would still not excuse their actions. -- Were it all true, it would still not excuse their actions.
4. In adverbial clauses of concession introduced by though, although, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever, etc., the non-perfect SM/ SI may be used with reference to the present or future:
Though he (make) should make every effort he cannot succeed.
More usual, however, are the modal phrases may/might + infinitive:
Whoever he (be) may be, he has no right to be rude.
Though he(be) might have been suspicious, he gave no sign.
5. In the adverbial clauses of condition referring to the future the non-perfect SM is used to show that the action is possible, though unlikely. In the principal clause the C M, the Future Indicative or the Imperative Mood may be used:
If it should (be) wet they would stay at home.
If you should (find) another way out, will you inform me?
In a literary style conditional clauses of this type are sometimes joined to the principal clause asyndetically, by means of inversion:
6. In adverbial clauses of purpose introduced by the conjunctions so that, lest (literary' style) the non-perfect SM/ rarely SI:
Mary lowered her eyes so that he (see) should not see the faint dream of amusement in them.
After the conjunctions that, so that, in order that, so the modal phrases may /might or can/could + infinitive may be used:
I tell you everything so that you (help) may help us.