Investigation of influence "supergumusa" on migration nitrate in the profile of the aeration zone

Mavlyanov G.N. ¹, Hodjaev V.G.²

1 Mirzo Ulugbek National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; 2 Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering geology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

mavlyanov_g@mail.ru

Pollution of the biosphere nitrogen compounds due to the use of nitrogen fertilizers is a major challenge to the developed countries around the world. The danger of nitrogen (NO^-₃), (NO^-₂), (NH⁺₄) to human health, present in large amounts in foods, drinking water use established by numerous researchers lyami [1-7] and the main ones are: 1. Under the influence of the microflora in the stomach and intestines nitrates to nitrites, which are: a) oxidized hemoglobin to methemoglobin, with sharp, especially in children under 1 year, reduced transport of oxygen to tissues, which in some cases causing death; b) nitrite and amines can form nitroso compounds, which are carcinogenic. 2. In food products nitrate and nitrite in 6 times more toxic than the number-melting salt, and MPC (maximum permissible concentration) establish work-th to the last. 3. When cooking vegetables, about 85% of nitrate enters the liquid. 4. For some types of vegetables and greens (spinach, lettuce, radishes, beets, celery, parsley, dill, kale) is characterized by an extremely high content of co-nitrate (450-2280 mg / kg). Melon juice, containing more than 40mg/kg of nitrate caused a marked change in the rat internal organs. Indoors the nitrate content in plants may increase ourselves in more than 10 times, compared with an open bottom. 5. When boiling water, nitrate content increases [8]. From the above it is seen as dangerous for human health high concentrations of nitrate. All this is alarming because nitrate-dirty soil, surface water and groundwater. The main source of contamination of soils and natural waters connect-mi nitrogen is agriculture, which used large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer.The danger is compounded by the fact that in our gray soils, especially in hot climates, intensive education is of additional amounts of nitrate, ammonium as of, and the amide nitrogen of. This process is called nitrification and occurs primarily by microorganisms.

Nitrosomanas Nitrobacter

Microorganisms consume the nitrogen for their livelihood, you-mine the while in gaseous emissions: (NO)_x.

The environment is dangerous because nitrificationa) less mobile and included in the aeration zone to the exchange reaction ammonium is converted into soluble, very mobile and do not enter into exchange reactions of nitrate.

b) as an intermediate product formed nitrite (NO^-₂), which is 12-15 times more toxic than nitrate; c) nitrous oxide(N₂O) in the gaseous losses destroys the ozone screen, resulting in exposure to life on the planet. Nitrification and unfavorable to agriculture, since a large of quantity of nitrogen fertilizer is lost. In Uzbekistan, of cotton annually used 200-250 kg / ha (as nitrogen) of nitrogen fertilizer or 800-1000kg in the form of fat. The efficiency of an average of 35%. The rest are mostly lost, contaminating surface and underground water, the aeration zone and the atmosphere. Our objective was to find means by which to reduce the migration of residual nitrogen fertilizer on the profile of the aeration zone, in order to protect groundwater. As the sorbent we used the waste coal industry, which is specially treated with various microorganisms (supergumus).

Laboratory experiments

We conducted a series of laboratory experiments by changing the composition of soil-soil, the dose "supergumusa" and nitrogen fertilizer. Experiments were carried out in plastic columns with a diameter 5.0 cm and length-tion 100.In the early to check the nitrogen content and pH as in "supergumuse" and in the soil itself. To do this, the bottom of the column put a cotton swab. Then in the first column (№ 1) poured "supergumus" and the second (№ 2) soil-clean soil (heavy clay loam). In both columns poured on top disteli-dated water (to eliminate the effect of nitrogen compounds, which are contained in the water). The eluate was collected in 50 ml of which quantitatively determined the pH, NO^-₃ (pH meter on), NO^-₂ - Griess reagent and NH⁺₄ the Nessler reagent. Collected in 10 fractions. The results are shown in Table 1. The table shows that "supergumus" product is acidic with a pH of 3.5. Virtually no nitrate (NO^-₃) and nitrite (NO^-₂). Ammonium (NH⁺₄) is contained in a decent amount decreased for two days with 12.0 mg / l to 4.0 mg / liter. Ammonium is pretty easy to consume plants, including cotton. In addition, it is more difficult to migrate the profile area Aera-tion, subjected to exchange reactions. In the soil-soil (column 2), mainly in small quantities (10-42 mg / l) contained nitrate and nitrite (0,4-9,0 mg / l), ammonium is small (0,7-2,1 mg / l) and the medium is slightly alkaline (pH 8,10-8,95).

Table 1 shows that the "supergumus" product is acidic with a pH of 3.5. There is practically no nitrate (NO^-₃), and nitrite (NO^-₂). Ammonium (NH⁺₄) is contained in decent quantities, fell in two days with 12.0 mg / l to 4.0 mg / liter.

In the soil-soil (column number 2) in small amounts (10-42 mg / l) is contained nitrate and nitrite (0,4-9,0), very little ammonium (0,7-2,1 mg / l .) Wednesday is slightly alkaline (pH = 8,10-8,95). The results are shown in Table 2. Since our objective of studying the migration of nitrate in the eluate was further subjected to chemical analysis, only NO^-₃, and pH.

I- column (superhumus) mg/l					II-column (soil) mg/l
	рН					рН
Sample №1-1	3,50	сл.	0,01	12	Sample №2-1	8,10	42	9	2,1
Sample№1-2	3,40	сл.	0,01	12	Sample №2-2	8,25	30	6	2,1
Sample №1-3	3,40	сл.	0,01	12	Sample №2-3	8,30	30	3	1,5
Sample №1-4	3,50	сл.	0,01	12	Sample №2-4	8,40	24	2	1,2
Sample №1-5	3,50	сл.	нет	7	Sample №2-5	8,70	24	6	1,2
Sample №1-6	3,45	сл.	0,02	5	Sample №2-6	8,90	15	2	1,0
Sample №1-7	3,60	сл.	сл.	5	Sample№2-7	8,85	10	0,6	0,7
Sample №1-8	3,60	сл.	сл.	4	Sample №2-8	8,90	10	0,6	0,7
Sample №1-9	3,50	сл.	сл.	4	Sample №2-9	8,95	10	0,4	0,7
Sample№1-10	3,50	сл.	сл.	4	Sample №2-10	-	-	-	-

Table 1.The content of nitrogen in the soil supergumuse

I- column (superhumus) mg/l			II-column (control) mg/l
filtrate	рН		filtrate	рН
№1	7,30	5900	№1	7,40	9200
№2	8,30	4200	№2	8,00	5900
№3	8,40	2400	№3	6,65	9200
№4	8,70	2400	№4	8,30	2700
№5	9,00	1500	№5	8,20	1200

Table 2. Dynamics of nitrogen and pH

The table shows that from the column with supergumusom nitrate (NO^-₃), washed in smaller numbers than in the control variant. In the first leachate nitrate was reduced by 55%, the second at 40%, the third faction turned out abnormal, so it does not take into account, the fourth fraction contained 12.5% ​​less. Nitrate (NO^-₂) in supergumuse was not so washed out in both columns is more evenly from ammonium nitrate. Nitrite virtually contained in the fertilizer, but as we saw above, is formed as an intermediate product of nitrification. Several countries in the pH of filtrate. Above, we have determined that the pH supergumusa 3.5. But in column number 1 since the publication of the filtrate slightly alkaline pH, from pH 7.30 to 9.00. The mechanism of this process is difficult to explain. In the next series, we changed the amount of applied nitrogen fertilizer and supergumusa. In column number 1 (completed in the first experiment, heavy loam) have 10g and 1.0 g supergumusa ammonium nitrate. In column number 2 only 1.0 grams of fertilizers. Experiments began November 15, 2006. and after charging the column in 1130 surged by 200 ml of water distelirovannoy. No infiltration, and in 1500 added another 200 ml of water. The first portions of the filtrate (50 ml) were the next day on November 16. Since our goal is to develop a method of aeration zone and groundwater from nitrates, but in future we were subjected to chemical analysis of samples only (NO^-₃) and pH. We must follow the acidity of the filtrate, as supergumus, as we defined above, the acid.

Subsequently, all experiments were positive, showing that nitrogen retards supergumus soedineniyab and after a hard metal. And also a fruitful harvest. The experiments were carried out in field and laboratory conditions.

Findings

1. "Supegumus" has a positive effect on the sorption of nitrates, essentially keeping them in soils during irrigation.

2. "Supergumus" no negative effect on the pH of water infiltration.

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