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15. The surveys in marketing research. Types and Use

Survey is a method of primary data collection in which information is gathered by communicating with a representative sample of people.

Types: consumer survey and merchandize survey (intermediary).

Methods:

  • Telephone interviews: cellphone, computer-aided

  • Personal interviews: door-to-door, mail, executive.

  • Mail/Postal surveys,

  • Electronic and web-based surveys: administered by interviewer or self-administered.

The choice of method depends on a great number of requirements/factors, such as: speed, geographic flexibility, respondent co-operation and anonymity, versatility and length of questionnaire, cost.

16. Questionnaire development. Types of Questions and questions sequence.

Questionnaire – is a formalized set of questions for eliciting information for social and marketing research. Constructing a survey begins with a thorough understanding of what questions need to be answered from the research and what decisions will be made as a result of the survey.

1) Survey Introduction.

2) Screening questionnaire is used to establish the eligibility of the respondent

3) Main Questionnaire(body).Types of questions: 1)Open-end 2)Multiple-choice 3)Dichotomous questions 4) Closed ended a)Rating Scale, b)Forced-Choice c)Dichotomous d)Demographic questions.

17. Development and implementation of focus-groups. Peculiarities of qualitative data analysis and interpretation

Focus group: discussion leader or moderator introduces a topic to a group of respondents and directs the natural and non-structured discussion. F.g. is effective when there are 6 to 12 respondents.

Process:

  1. Set research objectives

  2. Select and recruit group members

  3. Recruit moderator and write outline

  4. Arrange venue and conduct session

  5. Analyze findings

Data interpretation: qualitative rather than quantitative conclusions should be made. The analysis should progress from general to more specific. The results should not typify the target population. Groups are not formed to generate statistics, but rather to clarify concepts, generate ideas and insights, make an abstract real.

18. Sampling in marketing research. Types of samples procedures. Sample size estimation.

After deciding on the research approach and instrument a sampling plan must be designed. This calls for 3 decisions:

1. Sampling unit- who is to be surveyed

2. Sample size- how many people should be surveyed. Samples of less than 1 percent of a target population can often provide good reliability, given a credible sampling procedure.

3. Sampling procedure- how should the respondents be chosen.

•Simple random sample (every member of the population has an equal chance of selection)

•Stratified random sample (the population is divided into mutually exclusive groups, and random samples are drawn from each group)

•Cluster (area) sample

Types of nonprobability sample:

•Convenience sample (the researcher selects the most accessible population members)

•Judgment sample (researcher selects population members who are good prospects for accurate information)

•Quota sampling (researcher finds and interviews a prescribed number of people in each of several categories)

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