39

Bank of tests.

№ 1. Surgical operation and instruments. Preparing the instrumental table and binding of knots. Definition and task of the discipline, history of the subject, methods of investigations. Notion about surgical operations.

1. Whom does elaboration of doctrine about changeability of structure of organs and systems and forms of body-structure of the human belong to:

а) Bobrov А.А.

b) Pirogue М.І.

c) Shevkunenko V.М.

d) Burdenko М.N.

e) Kulchitskiy К.І.?

2. Whom does the labor “Topographical anatomy which is illustrated with pictures of saws, which are executed in frozen body in three projections” belong to:

а) Bobrov А.А.

b) Pirogue М.І.

c) Shevkunenko V.М.

d) Burdenko М.N.

e) Kulchitskiy К.І.?

3. Whom does the labor “Surgical anatomy of the arterial trunks and fasciae” belong to:

а) Bobrov А.А.;

b) Pirogue М.І.;

c) Shevkunenko V.М.;

d) Burdenko М.N.;

e) Kulchitskiy К.І.?

4. Possibility of execution the cut for baring the pathological focus in the nearest way or injured organ without injury vitally tissues and systems is called:

а) physiological allowance;

b) anatomical accessibility;

c) operative possibility;

d) technical possibility;

e) physiological accessibility.

5. Execution the operation through marked access is called:

а) physiological allowance;

b) anatomical accessibility;

c) operative possibility;

d) technical possibility;

e) physiological accessibility.

6. Maximal saving of the functioning of the organ and taking into account its compensatory possibilities is called:

а) physiological allowance;

b) anatomical accessibility;

c) operative possibility;

d) technical possibility;

e) physiological accessibility.

7. Patient is executed the operation of correction nose deformation. What operation by the aim of its execution does it belong to:

а) cosmetically;

b) diagnostically;

c) medical;

d) palliative;

e) radical.

8. Patient is executed the operation of correction nose deformation. What operation by effectiveness of its execution does it belong to:

а) radical;

b) palliative;

c) diagnostically;

d) probal;

e) plastically.

9. Patient is indicated tracheostomy. What is this operation by the time of its execution:

а) planned;

b) urgent;

c) pressing;

d) emergency;

e) late?

10. What is the operation of appendectomy by traumatisation:

а) palliative;

b) blood;

c) traumatically;

d) non-blood

e) radical?

11. Definite aim of the operative access in appendectomy:

а) volume of operative actions in pathological focus;

b) method of finishing the operation;

c) stop bleeding;

d) making the access t o the pathological focus

e) layer sew up of the tissues?

12. Patient is indicated the stop bleeding operation with injury of thigh artery. What operation by the time of its execution is it:

а) urgent;

b) pressing;

c) planned;

d) urgent;

e) primary.

13. Where in accordance to rules operative nurse must localized according to surgeon:

а) right hand;

b) opposite the surgeon;

c) left hand;

d) behind the surgeon

e) where it is comfortable for her?

14. Where in accordance to rules I assistant must localize according to surgeon:

а) right hand;

b) opposite the surgeon;

c) left hand;

d) behind the surgeon

e) where it is comfortable for him?

15. Where in accordance to rules II assistant must localized according to surgeon:

а) right hand;

b) opposite the surgeon;

c) left hand;

d) behind the surgeon

e) where it is comfortable for him?

16. Choose possible method of fixation the operative linen to skin:

а) towel clamps;

b) stop blood clamps;

c) sticky plaster;

d) dressing forceps;

e) medical glue.

17. Surgeon executes sew up of small wound. What instrument is it necessary to use for joining skin:

а) Mishel’s clips;

b) forceps;

c) dressing forceps;

d) clamps;

e) hooks?

18. During the operation surgeon used additional instruments. What are they:

а) Mishel’s clips;

b) forceps;

c) dressing forceps;

d) anatomical forceps;

e) clamps?

19. Point correlation between ends of ligature which is fixed to needle-holder:

а) 1 tо 1 ;

b) 1 tо 2;

c) 1 tо 3;

d) 1 tо 4;

e) 1 to 5.

20. How do you widen the laparotom’s wound (access to the abdominal cavity)? Choose proper instrument:

а) cremayelrn’ wound-spreader;

b) screwed wound-spreader;

c) one-toothed sharp hooks;

d) many-toothed sharp hooks;

e) Farabef’s hook.

21. Patient has iodine allergy. What is the best for primary surgical treatment for him:

а) spirit 1% solution of brilliant green;

b) spirit 5% solution of with the next debridement of the skin;

c) Lughole’s solution;

d) spirit;

e) don’t alcoholize?

22. It is necessary to fix linen around the operative field. Name instrument which is necessary for it:

а) Kocher’s clams;

b) dressing forceps;

c) anatomical forceps;

d) forceps;

e) mosquito clamps.

23. Choose possible way of fixation the operative linen to the skin when dressing forceps are absent:

а) stitches to skin;

b) stop bleeding clamps;

c) sticky plaster;

d) anatomical forceps;

e) clamps.

24. During the operation surgeon learned mutual disposition of organs and formations of the region. What is it in topographical anatomy:

а) golotopy;

b) ectopy;

c) skeletopy;

d) syntopy;

e) layer disposition?

25. During the operation surgeon learned mutual disposition of organs and formations in the human body. What is it in topographical anatomy:

а) golotopy;

b) ectopy;

c) skeletopy;

d) syntopy;

e) layer disposition?

26. In put on the vessel’s stitch surgeon used atraumatical needle. What does it like:

а) needle with hole (non cut) eye;

b) needle with cut eye;

c) needle with pressed ligature in it;

d) needle with round transverse cut;

e) needle with triangle transverse cut?

27. Patient is executed tracheotomy. What is the aim of it:

а) in layer joining of the tissues;

b) in execution temporary and final stop bleeding;

c) in cut of trachea and recession of the foreign body from it;

d) in the access to pathological focus;

e) in laying the operative field round?

28. Patient is executed the operation of binding the vessels. What is operative access:

а) layer joining of the tissues;

b) execution of temporary and final stop bleeding;

c) leading the ligature and binding the vessels;

d) achievement to the pathological focus;

e) laying the operative field round?

29. What moment isn’t the main in the operation:

а) operative access;

b) hemostasis;

c) exit from the operation;

d) operative access;

e) operative action?

30. In disjoining of the tissues surgeon used the grooved probe. What group of instruments does it belong to:

а) stop bleeding;

b) fixed;

c) helpfully;

d) for disjoining of the tissues;

e) for joining of the tissues?

№ 2. Disjoining and joining of the tissues. Primary surgical treatment.

Scientific technical progress in surgery. Apparatuses of sew up. Instruments and technique for micro- and endoscope surgery. General peculiarities of layer structure of human’s body, sac structure and fascio-fatty spaces. Principles of local anesthesia.

1. In what position is it necessary to hold the scalpel in the cut of proper fascia:

а) table knife;

b) bow;

c) writing feather;

d) it doesn’t matter

e) in the fist?

2. In what position is it necessary to fix the injection needle in execution the infiltrative anesthesia:

а) cut of the needle upwards;

b) cut of the needle downwards;

c) cut of the needle to the right;

d) cut of the needle to the left;

e) doesn’t have practical meaning?

3. During the operation with local anesthetization infiltrative anesthesia foresees:

а) leading anesthetics into the infiltrate;

b) taut layer infiltration of the tissues;

c) infiltration of the fascial case around the organ;

d) infiltration of the anesthetics of nervous fibers or around it;

e) combination of few methods.

4. In the cut of the skin during the operation surgeon fixed it at the beginning of the cut with:

а) І and ІІ fingers of left hand;

b) ІІ finger of left hand;

c) dressing forceps;

d) stitch which is put on the skin;

e) parted parts of scissors.

5. In what area according to the surface of the body scalpel is localized during the operation of the cut of the skin:

а) which is perpendicular to the surface of the body;

b) which is under the angle of 45^о right side according to the surface of the body;

c) which is under the angle of 45^о left side according to the surface of the body;

d) it doesn’t matter;

e) as it is comfortable?

6. Choose the angle of leading the scalpel into body at the beginning of the cut and it’s leading out from the tissues at the end of the cut:

а) perpendicular to body’s surface;

b) under the angle of 45^о;

c) under the angle of 30^о;

d) under the angle of 100^о;

e) it doesn’t matter.

7. Choose the angler of slope of the scalpel during the execution the medial part of cut of the skin (during the slit):

а) under the angler of 45^о into the side of blade;

b) under the angler of 90^о into the side of blade;

c) under the angler of 25-30^о into the side of blade;

d) it doesn’t matter;

e) under the angler of 100^о into the side of blade;

8. Where do you put clamps for stop bleeding from subcutaneous fat:

а) into the cellular tissue in opposite edge of the wound;

b) into the cellular tissue in the own edge of the wound;

c) into the skin and cellular tissue in opposite edge of the wound;

d) into the skin and cellular tissue in the own edge of the wound;

e) it doesn’t matter?

9. What minimal amount of bleeding points in the cut of the skin and subcutaneous fat:

а) 2;

b) 3;

c) 4;

d) 1;

e) no one?

10. Choose instruments which can be used in the cut of fascia:

а) grooved probe and scalpel;

b) bulb probe and scalpel;

c) anatomical forceps and scalpel;

d) bulb probe and scissors

e) anyone.

11. During sew up of the wound it is necessary to prepare the hold-keeper. How do you do it?

а) step back from the point of the needle one-third of its length;

b) in the middle of the length of the needle;

c) step back from the eye of the needle one-third of its length;

d) it doesn’t have practical meaning;

e) step back from the point of the needle one-forth of its length?

12. During the operation wound is sawn by layers. Choose the most rational kind of the stitch to join dissected muscles:

а) put on common knotted silk stitches;

b) put on P-liked silk stitches;

c) put on P-liked knotted catgut stitches;

d) put on common catgut stitches;

e) put on P-liked continual catgut stitches.

13. During the operation wound is sawn by layers. Choose the most rational method of joining the wide fascia of the thigh:

а) common knotted silk stitch;

b) common knotted, catgut stitches;

c) P-liked catgut stitches;

d) Z-liked silk stitches;

e) continual P-liked silk stitch.

14. Choose rational distance between ligatures of the stitch which are put onto the skin during the operation:

а) 0,5-1,0 сm;

b) 1,5-2,0 сm;

c) 2,0-3,0 сm;

d) in doesn’t have practical meaning;

e) 0,5 сm.

15. How can the surgeon-beginner avoid possible formation of surpluses of tissues of one of the edges of the wound of the skin in it’s sew up:

а) put on continual stitch;

b) use P-liked knotted stitches;

c) use cosmetic stitch;

d) use rules of parts in putting on knotted stitches;

e) put on continual P-liked stitches?

16. What is the main aim of primary surgical treatment of the wound:

а) preserve infection of the wound;

b) transverse wound into aseptic state;

c) recess foreign bodies from the wound;

d) create conditions for healing the wound by primary taut;

e) stop bleeding in the wound?

17. How do you recess hair around the wound before primary surgical treatment of the wound:

а) cut;

b) by wet shaving through spirals from central part to peripheral;

c) by wet shaving through radiuses from the wound to periphery;

d) by dry shaving through radiuses from the wound to periphery;

e) by dry shaving through spirals from central part to peripheral?

18. Definite necessary width of the recession of the edges of cut wound in its primary treatment:

а) 1 сm from the edge of the wound;

b) 1,5 сm from the edge of the wound;

c) 2 сm from the edge of the wound;

d) no use to dissect it;

e) 0,5 сm from the edge of the wound.

19. In what deepness is it necessary to recess the edges of gun wound of the extremity in its primary surgical treatment:

а) in 3 сm;

b) skin and cellular space;

c) to gasp proper fascia;

d) into all deepness of the wound;

e) in 5 сm.

20. Choose stitches after primary surgical treatment of dirty wound:

а) primary stitches;

b) primary outlaid stitches;

c) secondary stitches;

d) lead wound by open method;

e) cosmetically stitches.

21. Use necessary stitches when wound is with purulent process:

а) primary stitches;

b) primary delayed stitches;

c) secondary stitches;

d) lead wound by open method;

e) secondary late stitches.

22. What tissues does surgeon disjoin together with superficial fascia in execution the operative access:

а) skin with cellular space;

b) proper fascia;

c) muscles;

d) inner fascia;

e) serous membranes?

23. What layer of tissues does surgeon disjoin after the proper fascia in execution the operative access:

а) skin;

b) superficial fascia;

c) muscles;

d) cavity of the body;

e) cellular space?

24. What layer does surgeon disjoin after the proper fascia in operative access onto body:

а) skin with cellular space;

b) proper fascia;

c) muscles;

d) serous membranes?

25. What moment shows primary surgical treatment of the wound:

а) stop bleeding;

b) recession of the edges of the wound;

c) cut of the skin;

d) disjoining of the edges of the wound;

e) disjoining of the muscles?

26. What is the general principle in disjoining tissues:

а) strictly layer slits;

b) parallel to Langer’s lines;

c) taking to account projection of vessels and nerves;

d) all pointed demands;

e) taking to account topography of pathological focus?

27. What surgical needles are used for joining skin:

а) atraumatical;

b) cut (trihedral);

c) prickly (round);

d) mixed;

e) Deshan’s needles?

28. In what position is it necessary to hold the scalpel in the cut of proper fascia:

а) table knife;

b) bow;

c) writing feather;

d) it doesn’t matter;

e) in fist?

29. After the cut of cellular space in the wound it is raised bleeding. What stop bleeding clamps are used for stop bleeding:

а) Koher’s clamps;

b) Bilrot’s clamps;

c)Mickulich’s clamps;

d) mosquito clamps;

e) Oxner clamps?30. After the cut of cellular space it is raised bleeding. Offer method of temporary stop bleeding in the wound:

а) sew up of the edges of the artery;

b) pressing with finger;

c) binding the artery;

d) pressing with napkin;

e) electro-coagulation.

№3 Topographical anatomy of chest wall, mammary gland, diaphragm, pleura and lungs. Operations on them. Primary surgical treatment of the wounds of thorax.

1. What is the optimal cut in intramammary mastitis:

а) radial cut of the skin and superficial fascia of region around nipple and in the periphery of the gland;

b) radial cut of the skin and superficial fascia 1сm from region around nipple to the periphery of the gland;

c) radial cut of the skin 1 сm from region around nipple to the periphery of the gland without injury of superficial fascia;

d) arch-liked cut of the skin and superficial fascia in the projection of abscess;

e) arch-liked cut of the skin in the projection of abscess without injury of superficial fascia?

2. Execute cut in retro-mammary abscess in upper-lateral quadrant of pectoral gland:

а) arch-liked cut parallel to lower polus of the gland;

b) radial cut through all thickness of the gland in accordance to its;

c) arch-liked cut parallel to upper-lateral edge of the gland;

d) transverse cut from the edge of the wound in lateral direction;

e) arch-liked cut of the skin and superficial fascia through the projection of abscess.

3. Choose possible point for puncture the pleural cavity with the aim of recession the exudates:

а) upper edge of VII rib through scapular line;

b) upper edge of IX rib through scapular line;

c) lower edge of IX rib through scapular line;

d) upper edge of X rib through scapular line;

e) lower edge of VIII rib through posterior axillary’s line.

4. How do you fix drain-tube which is led into pleural cavity to the chest:

а) put on skin silk stitch and sew up the tube;

b) put on skin silk stitch and bind edges of ligature on the tube;

c) fix tube to skin with stick plaster;

d) put on skin catgut stitch and sew up the tube;

e) put layer stitches on the pectoral wall and fix tube with them?

5. It is diagnosed osteomielitis of VIII rib through scapular line. Choose method of operative treatment:

а) through-periosteal resection of the rib with its next plasty;

b) sub- periosteal resection of the rib with its next plasty;

c) sub- periosteal resection of the rib without its next plasty;

d) through-periosteal resection of the rib without its next plasty;

e) anyone of suggested methods.

6. What operation is it better to execute when there is jagged injury (3х4 сm) on the anterior-inferior edge of the lung:

а) cut of necrotized tissue of the lung (1,0-1,5 сm) with next sew up of the tissue;

b) marginal resection of the lung;

c) segmented resection of the lung;

d) clinoid resection of the lung?

7. What exterior edge of the muscle is the orient in opening the subpectoral flegmons:

а) pectoral major (large);

b) pectoral minor (small);

c) sub-scapular;

d) anterior toothed;

e) deltoid?

8. What anatomical formations are gasped into the first row of the stitches in penetrative injuries of the chest:

а) superficial muscles of the chest, superficial fascia, subcutaneous fat;

b) superficial fascia, subcutaneous fat, skin;

c) pleura, intra-pectoral fascia, intra-rib muscles, periosteum;

d) proper fascia, superficial muscles of the chest, superficial fascia;

e) pleura, intra-pectoral fascia?

9. What anatomical formations are gasped into the third row of the stitches in penetrative injuries of the chest:

а) superficial muscles of the chest, superficial fascia, subcutaneous fat;

b) superficial fascia, subcutaneous fat, skin;

c) pleura, intra-pectoral fascia, intra-rib muscles, periosteum;

d) proper fascia, superficial muscles of the chest, superficial fascia;

e) pleura, intra-pectoral fascia?

10. In the injury of the chest intra-rib neuro-vascular fascicle can be injured. What is the localization of it in parasaggital area:

а) nerve, artery, vein;

b) nerve, vein, artery;

c) vein, artery, nerve;

d) vein, nerve, artery;

e) artery, nerve, vein?

11. Before what line execution of pleural puncture through upper edge can accompany bleeding:

а) scapular;

b) posterior axillar;

c) midio-axillar;

d) anterior-axillar;

e) medio-clavicular?

12. What fascia is cut in opening the intramammary mastitis:

а) superficial;

b) pectoral;

c) clavicle-pectoral;

d) intra-pectoral;

e) no one?

13. Point anatomical formation which is injured in trauma of tendon’s centre of diaphragm:

а) aorta;

b) lower cave vein;

c) gullet;

d) impair vein;

e) pectoral lymphatic duct.

14. What of these levels of the cupola of pleura shows absence of pathology in percussion of its boundaries:

а) clavian level;

b) 1 сm hire from the clavicle;

c) 2-3 сm hire from the clavicle;

d) 4-5 сm hire from the clavicle;

e) 5-6 сm hire from the clavicle?

15. Point pleural sinus which most of all has exudates in patient with exudative pleuritis:

а) rib-diaphragm;

b) right rib-mediastinal;

c) diaphragm-mediastinal;

d) vertebral-diaphragm;

e) left rib-mediastinal.

16. Point lower verge of lungs in medio-clavicular line in percussion of health people:

а) upper edge of VI rib;

b) lower edge of VI rib;

c) upper edge of VII rib;

d) lower edge of VII rib;

e) upper edge of ІХ rib.

17. Lower verge of lungs in medio-axillar line is projected to:

а) VIII rib;

b) IX rib;

c) X rib;

d) XI rib;

e) ХІІ rib.

18. Lower verge of lungs in scapular line is projected to:

а) VIII rib;

b) IX rib;

c) X rib;

d) XI rib;

e) ХІІ rib.

19. Point the correlation of the elements of the roof of right lung in sagittal area:

а) vein, bronchi, artery;

b) vein, artery, bronchi;

c) bronchi, artery, vein;

d) bronchi, vein, artery;

e) artery, bronchi, vein.

20. Point the correlation of the elements of the roof of left lung in sagittal area:

а) artery, vein, bronchi;

b) artery, bronchi, vein;

c) vein, bronchi, artery;

d) vein, artery, bronchi;

e) bronchi, artery, vein.

21. Point level of puncture when there is air in pleural cavity:

а) VІ intrarib;

b) III intrarib;

c) IV intrarib;

d) V intrarib;

e) ІІ intrarib.

22. In what line do you execute puncture if there is air in pleural cavity:

а) parasternal;

b) medio-clavicular;

c) anterior inguinal;

d) posterior inguinal;

e) anyone.

23. What can arise when edges of penetrative wound of pectoral wall are closed:

а) open pneumothorax;

b) closed pneumothorax;

c) valve pneumothorax;

d) tensed pneumothorax;

e) nothing?

24. In primary surgical treatment of the wound after it’s sew up pleural cavity is drained with:

а) rubber tube;

b) rubber ribbon;

c) gauzed turunde;

d) few tubes which are covered with rubber glove;

e) tube to which is fixed cut finger of glove.

25. Puncture of pleural cavity is executed with:

а) injection needle;

b) Deshan’s needle;

c) troacar;

d) puncture’s needle with mandrane;

e) puncture’s needle with rubber tube.

26. What do you use for pushing the periosteum together from the anterior surface of the rib in sub-periosteal resection of it:

а) Farabef’s rasparator;

b) Duaen’s rasparator;

c) scalpel;

d) forceps;

e) wound-spreader?

27. It is operation of the resection lung because of its cancer. In what succession elements of roof are bound and cut:

а) artery, vein, bronchi;

b) bronchi, artery, vein;

c) vein, artery, bronchi;

d) bronchi, vein, artery;

e) artery, bronchi, vein?

28. From what anatomical formations does the process pass into abdominal cavity in mediastinitis:

а) pectoral-rib and transverse-rib interspaces;

b) pectoral-rib fissures;

c) diaphragm-rib fissures;

d) pectoral-scapular interspaces;

e) tendon’s centres of diaphragm?

29. Young woman has cancer of mammary gland. What operation is the most rational:

а) sectoral resection;

b) common mastectomy;

c) radical mastectomy;

d) limited sectoral resection;

e) resection of the tumour?

№4 Topographical anatomy of mediastinun, pericardium and heart. Puncture of pericardium. Principles of the operations on heart and gullet.

1. Patient has injury which penetrates into mediastinum. What is mediastinum:

а) serous cavity;

b) cavity which is limited with mediastinal pleura;

c) space between chest and spine;

d) complex of organs, vessels and nerves which are located between chest and spine;

e) complex of organs, vessels and nerves which are located between mediastinal pleura and fascia which covers chest and spine?

2. Through what anatomical formation convectional frontal area is led to part anterior and posterior mediastinum:

а) anterior surface of trachea;

b) posterior surface of trachea;

c) anterior surface of the arch of aorta;

d) gullet;

e) posterior surface of the arch of aorta.

3. In what cellular space of mediastinum does the purulent process spread from retro-organ space of the neck:

а) retropectoral;

b) around aorta;

c) before tracheal;

d) retrogullet;

e) retrotracheal?

4. In what cellular space of mediastinum does the purulent process spread from the main neuro-vascular fascicle of the neck:

а) retropectoral;

b) around aorta;

c) before tracheal;

d) retro-gullet;

e) retro-tracheal.

5. Purulent process of what cellular space is located only in the posterior region of mediastinum:

а) retro-pectoral;

b) around aorta;

c) before tracheal;

d) retro-gullet;

e) retro-tracheal.

6. Purulent process of what cellular space of mediastinum is limited and doesn’t spread into other regions:

а) retro-pectoral;

b) around aorta;

c) before tracheal;

d) retro-gullet;

e) retro-tracheal.

7. Purulent process of what cellular space can simultaneously be in the anterior and posterior regions of mediastinum:

а) retro-pectoral;

b) around aorta;

c) before tracheal;

d) retro-gullet;

e) retro-tracheal.

8. On which vessel do you execute the operation in the anterior mediastinum:

а) ascending region of aorta;

b) descending region of aorta;

c) hemiazigous vein;

d) paired vein;

e) arch of aorta?

9. On which vessel do you execute the operation in the posterior mediastinum:

а) arch of aorta;

b) upper cave vein;

c) pericardial-diaphragm artery;

d) impair vein;

e) ascending aorta?

10. What nerve can be injured in the operation only in the anterior mediastinum:

а) diaphragm;

b) vagal;

c) sympathetic trunk;

d) large visceral nerve;

e) rotating laryngeal?

11. What nerve can be injured in the operation only in the posterior mediastinum:

а) vagal;

b) small visceral;

c) diaphragmal;

d) medial neck;

e) intra-rib?

12. What nerve can be injured in the operation in both regions of mediastinum:

а) vagal;

b) small visceral;

c) diaphragmal;

d) medial neck;

e) sympathetic trunk?

13. Necrotic zone in the infarction of myocardium is located on the anterior surface of the left atrium. What heart vessel is recovered by thrombus:

а) left crowned;

b) anterior intra-ventricle;

c) circumflex;

d) posterior intra-ventricle;

e) right crowned?

14. In what sinus of pericardium pathological liquid is gained in serous pericarditis:

а) oblique;

b) transverse;

c) anterior-inferior;

d) posterior-inferior;

e) anterior-posterior?

15. What structures aren’t involved into the process in encapsulated abscess in oblique sinus of the pericardium:

а) upper cave vein;

b) lower cave vein;

c) posterior wall of pericardium;

d) epicardium of the posterior surface of left atrium;

e) veins of lungs?

16. What structures which are covered with pericardium don’t form transverse sinus of the pericardium:

а) beginning of aorta;

b) lower cave vein;

c) right and left atrium, their auricles;

d) part of upper cave vein;

e) beginning of lung trunk?

17. What sinus is formed by foliums of pericardium:

а) anterior-inferior;

b) rib-daphragmal;

c) rib-mediastinal;

d) mediastinal- daphragmal;

e) right mesenterial?

18. What is the way of passage the catheter into the cavity of the heart in puncture the right subclavian vein:

а) through inner jugular, upper cave vein, left atrium;

b) through brachio-head, lower cave vein, right atrium;

c) through brachio-head, upper cave vein, left atrium;

d) through brachio-head, upper cave vein, right atrium;

e) through brachial, upper cave vein, right atrium?

19. After birth child has mix of arterial and venous blood. It is diagnosed unmalunion of arterial (bottal) duct. What vessels does this vessel connect:

а) descending aorta with lung trunk;

b) descending aorta with upper cave vein;

c) arch of aorta with lung trunk;

d) arch of aorta with lung vein;

e) ascending aorta with lung trunk?

20. Patient has exudative pericarditis. It is indicated puncture of pericardium. Notice point of its execution:

а) angle between rib arch and xiphoid sprout from the left;

b) in the region of apex push of heart;

c) in VII intra-rib 1 сm left from the left edge of the sternum;

d) in VII intra-rib 2 сm from the left edge of the sternum;

e) angle between rib arch and xiphoid sprout from the right.

21. Patient has penetrative injury of the heart. What stitch do you sew up right ventricle with:

а) knotted;

b) P-liked;

c) continuous twined;

d) tobacco-bag ;

e) Z-liked?

22. How do you know that puncture of pericardium is wrong:

а) feeling resistance in the pericardium by needle;

b) feel of rhythmic oscillation of the needle together with pulse;

c) blood through the needle;

d) liquid through the pericardium;

e) everything is wrong?

23. Aneurism of what vessel can compress rotating nerve and cause wheeze:

а) upper cave vein;

b) lower cave vein;

c) arch of aorta;

d) descending aorta;

e) inner pectoral?

24. What method of operation is mostly used for treatment the coronary insufficiency:

а) aorto-coronary shunting;

b) mammary-coronary anastomosis;

c) intim-thromb-ectomy of coronary vessels;

d) omento-cardiopexy;

e) diaphragm-cardiopexy?

25. In what operations on the heart it isn’t reasonable to use the apparatus of artificial blood supply:

а) open comisurotomy;

b) in combined heart vices;

c) in unmalunion of bottal duct;

d) in plasty of valves;

e) in transplantation of the heart?

26. In what vices it is used plasty (replacing) of valves:

а) constriction of ostium of lung artery;

b) unmalunioned intra-ventricle membranes;

c) stenosis of mitral valve;

d) insufficiency of mitral aperture;

e) unmalunion intra-atrial membrane.

27. In what sinus of pericardium can you penetrate for leading the manipulation on lung artery:

а) oblique;

b) transverse;

c) anterior-inferior;

d) rib-diaphragmal;

e) diaphragm-mediastinal?

28. Necrotic zone in the infarction of myocardium is located on the anterior surface of the left ventricle. What heart vessel is recovered by thrombus:

а) left crowned;

b) anterior intra-ventricle;

c) circumflex;

d) posterior intra-ventricle;

e) right crowned.

29. What access is used in operations of lower department of esophagus:

а) longitudinal sternotomy;

b) lateral in the left VI-VII intra-rib space;

c) lateral in the right VI-VII intra-rib space;

d) lateral in the left IV-V intra-rib space?

№5 Topographical anatomy of anterior-lateral wall of the abdomen. Accesses to the organs of abdominal cavity. Notion about hernias.

1. Patient compliance to some pain in right inguinal region of the anterior wall of the abdominal cavity. What organs can be injured:

а) vermix, jejunum, right kidney;

b) vermix, ileac intestine, right kidney;

c) cecum, ileac intestine, right ureter;

d) cecum, right ureter, jejunum intestine

e) vermix, duodenum, right ovarium?

2. Patient compliance to some pain in epigastria in the anterior wall of the abdominal cavity. What organs can be injured:

а) stomach, left lobe of liver, abdominal aorta;

b) left lobe of liver, pancreas, lien;

c) abdominal trunk, abdominal plexus, upper omental artery;

d) pancreas, colon, left lobe of liver;

e) pancreas, lien, left lobe of liver?

3. Patient compliance to some pain in right sub-rib region of the abdominal cavity. What organs can be injured:

а) right lobe of liver, transverse colon, stomach;

b) right lobe of liver, stomach, gall bladder;

c) gall-bladder, duodenum, right epinephros;

d) gall-bladder, right kidney, right flexion of colon;

e) gall-bladder, gates of right kidney, right epinephros?

4. Patient compliance to some pain in left sub-rib region of the abdominal cavity. What organs can be injured:

а) bottom of the stomach, spleen, descending colon;

b) tail of pancreas, cardiac region of the stomach, left epinephros;

c) left kidney, left epinephros, body of the stomach;

d) spleen, body of pancreas, bottom of the stomach;

e) tail and body of pancreas, cardiac region of the stomach?

5. Patient compliance to some pain in right lateral region of the abdominal cavity. What organs can be injured:

а) right kidney, ascending colon, ileum;

b) right kidney, descending colon, loops of ileum;

c) loops of jejunum, right kidney, caecum;

d) right kidney, right ureter, caecum.

e) loops of jejunum, right kidney, ileum?

6. Patient compliance to some pain in umbilical region of the abdominal cavity. What organs can be injured:

а) transverse colon, gates of kidneys, liver;

b) large flexion of the stomach, abdominal aorta, loops of small intestine;

c) loops of small intestine, gates of kidneys, right ureter, pancreas;

d) transverse colon, lower cave vein, bottom of the stomach;

e) loops of small intestine, gates of kidneys, right ureter, ascending colon?

7. Patient compliance to some pain in left lateral region of the abdominal cavity. What organs can be injured:

а) descending colon, left kidney, spleen;

b) descending colon, loops of small intestine, pancreas;

c) left kikney, left ureter, large flexion of the stomach;

d) left ureter, loops of small intestine, left kidney;

e) left ureter, loops of small intestine, spleen?

8. Patient compliance to some pain in pubic region of the abdominal cavity. What organs can be injured:

а) urinary bladder, womb, rectum;

b) marginal regions of ureters, sigmoid colon and small intestine;

c) marginal regions of ureters, caecum;

d) urinary bladder, ureters;

e) sigmoid colon and small intestine, vermix?

9. Patient compliance to some pain in left inguinal region of the anterior wall of the abdominal cavity. What organs can be injured:

а) loops of small intestine, sigmoid colon, left ureter;

b) loops of small intestine, descending colon, left ureter;

c) sigmoid intestine, left ureter, urinary bladder;

d) loops of small intestine, descending colon, womb;

e) descending and sigmoid colon, left ureter?

10. Surgeon executes oblique inguinal access from the leftside. What layers does he pass through after the cut of this region (choose the most rational answer):

а) external oblique, transverse and straight muscles of the abdomen, peritoneum;

b) superficial fascia, proper fascia, external oblique and straight muscles;

c) proper fascia, external and internal oblique muscles of the abdomen, transverse fascia;

d) aponeurosis of the external oblique muscles of the abdomen, internal and transverse muscles, peritoneum;

e) aponeurosis of the external internal and transverse muscles, peritoneum?

11. What tissues does surgeon pass through in execution the cut of the region of umbilical ring (choose the most rational answer):

а) fibrous tissue, umbilical fascia, peritoneum;

b) straight muscle of the abdomen, transverse fascia, peritoneum;

c) external oblique muscle, transverse muscle of the abdomen;

d) subcutaneous fat, superficial fascia, proper fascia, straight muscle;

e) subcutaneous fat, superficial fascia, straight muscle?

12. In protocol doctor wrote down that he used transrectal access to abdominal organs. What does it mean:

а) straight through media line;

b) through straight muscle of the abdomen;

c) through the rectum;

d) through medial inguinal fossa;

e) through medial edge of straight muscle of the abdomen?

13. What layers of tissues does surgeon pass in upper medial laparotomy after cut of the skin:

а) aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle, straight muscle and white line of the abdomen;

b) subcutaneous fat, white line of the abdomen, inner peritoneal fascia;

c) subcutaneous fat, white line of the abdomen, straight muscle of the abdomen;

d) superficial fascia, white line of the abdomen, straight muscle of the abdomen;

e) subcutaneous fat, aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle, straight muscle of the abdomen?

14. What layers does surgeon pass in transrectal access higher than umbilicus:

а) aponeurosis of the interior oblique muscles, straight muscle, white line of the abdomen;

b) aponeurosis of the exterior and interior oblique muscles, straight muscle, aponeurosis of the interior and transverse muscles;

c) subcutaneous fat, white line of the abdomen straight muscle of the abdomen;

d) superficial fascia, white line of the abdomen straight muscle of the abdomen;

e) aponeurosis of the exterior, interior oblique and transverse muscles of the abdomen, inner fascia, peritoneum?

15. What of these accesses is called coulisse:

а) upper medial laparotomy;

b) oblique in right inguinal region;

c) para-rectal;

d) oblique sub-rib;

e) transverse?

16. What of these accesses is called changeable:

а) upper medial laparotomy;

b) oblique in right inguinal region;

c) pararectal with leading out straight muscle of the abdomen;

d) lower medial laparotomy;.

e) transverse?

17. Doctor definites curve, widen formations on the anterior surface of the abdomen, which forms wide net of anastomosis and memorize “caput medusa”. What anatomical precondition of this symptom:

а) stretchening of the skin of the anterior-lateral wall of the abdomen;

b) growth of subcutaneous fat on the abdomen;

c) stretchening of superficial veins of the abdomen;

d) stretchening of superficial arteries of the abdomen;

e) stretchening of the lymphatic vessels of the abdomen?

18. During the operation of herniotomy surgeon recessed hernia. What element isn’t its main element:

а) sac;

b) gates;

c) body;

d) content;

e) peritoneum?

19. During the operation of herniotomy surgeon recessed hernial sac. What is it formed with:

а) inner pectoral fascia;

b) peritoneum;

c) aponeurosis;

d) proper fascia;

e) inner peritoneal fascia?

20. After patient’s examination surgeon diagnosed irreducible hernia. What does it mean:

а) hernial content doesn’t reduce in lying position but it hides it its pressure;

b) hernial content is pressed in the region of hernial gates;

c) hernial content is knitted with hernial sac;

d) wall of hernial sac is partly presented by organ;

e) hernial sac is presented by unmalunioned sprout of the peritoneum?

21. During the operation of herniotomy surgeon recessed hernial sac. What element doesn’t belong to it:

а) bottom;

b) gates;

c) body;

d) column;

e) peritoneum?

22. Surgeon after the patient’s examination diagnosed skidding hernia. What does it mean:

а) hernial content doesn’t tax in lying position but it hides it its pressure;

b) hernial content is pressed in the region of hernial gates;

c) hernial content is knitted with hernial sac;

d) wall of hernial sac is partly presented by organ;

e) hernial sac is presented by unmalunioned sprout of the peritoneum?

23. Surgeon after the patient’s examination diagnosed taxed hernia. What does it mean:

а) hernial content doesn’t tax in lying position but it hides it its pressure;

b) hernial content is pressed in the region of hernial gates;

c) hernial content is knitted with hernial sac;

d) wall of hernial sac is partly presented by organ;

e) hernial sac is presented by unmalunioned sprout of the peritoneum?

24. Surgeon after the patient’s examination diagnosed squeezed hernia. What does it mean:

а) hernial content doesn’t tax in lying position but it hides it its pressure;

b) hernial content is pressed in the region of hernial gates;

c) hernial content is knitted with hernial sac;

d) wall of hernial sac is partly presented by organ;

e) hernial sac is presented by unmalunioned sprout of the peritoneum?

25. During upper transrectal access surgeon cuts vagina of straight muscle of the abdomen. What anatomical elements form the anterior wall of the abdomen:

а) proper fascia of straight muscle of the abdomen;

b) aponeurosis of the exterior oblique muscle of the abdomen;

c) aponeurosis of the exterior and interior oblique muscle of the abdomen;

d) aponeurosis of the exterior, interior oblique and transverse muscle of the abdomen;

e) aponeurosis of straight muscle of the abdomen?

26. During upper transrectal access surgeon cuts vagina of straight muscle of the abdomen. What anatomical elements form the anterior wall of the abdomen:

а) proper fascia of straight muscle of the abdomen;

b) aponeurosis of the exterior oblique muscle of the abdomen;

c) aponeurosis of the exterior and interior oblique muscle of the abdomen;

d) aponeurosis of the exterior, interior oblique and transverse muscle of the abdomen;

e) aponeurosis of straight muscle of the abdomen?

27. During the execution of transrectal slit it is cut medial fold. What anatomical formation can be injured in this manipulation:

а) malunion urinal duct;

b) obliterated umbilical artery;

c) over-abdominal vessel;

d) obliterated umbilical vein;

e) spermatic duct?

28. During the execution of transrectal slit it is cut lateral umbilical fold. What anatomical formation can be injured:

а) malunion urinal duct;

b) obliterated umbilical artery;

c) over-abdominal vessel;

d) obliterated umbilical vein;

e) spermatic duct?

29. During the execution of transrectal slit it is cut medial umbilical fold. What anatomical formation can be injured:

а) malunion urinal duct;

b) obliterated umbilical artery;

c) over-abdominal vessel;

d) obliterated umbilical vein;

e) spermatic duct?