Vocabulary:

immediately	[i`mi:dictli]	немедленно, тотчас же
as soon as	[cz `su:n cz]	как только
the only	[`ounli]	единственный (ая)
private	[`praivct]	личный, частный
a money earner	[`mžni `c:nc]	человек, зарабатывающий деньги
death	[de›]	смерть
rich	[ri±]	богатый
musician	[mju`zi]	музыкант
to upset	[žp`set]	расстроить
to save (ed)	[seiv]	накопить
enough	[i`nžf]	достаточно

Ex.47. Respond to the following sentences with a short question, then confirm the statement. Example: Mary Clark has been out shopping. - Has she? That’s right. She has been out shopping. 1. Mary has immediately seen a letter in her letter-box. 2. She has received bad news. 3. She has lost her job. 4. She has worked as a private secretary for a musician. 5. The musician has decided to stop working. 6. He has asked her to find another job. 7. Lately Mary has bought many things. 8. She hasn’t paid for them yet. 9. She hasn’t saved enough money.

Ex.48. Answer the questions about the text. Give complete sentences.

1. Mary has received a letter, hasn’t she? Why has the letter upset her? 2. Where has she worked for the past year? 3. The musician has decided to stop working, hasn’t he? What has he asked Mary to do? 4. What things has Mary recently bought? Has she paid for them? 5. Has she saved enough money?

Ex.49. Tell the story in the third person.

Ex.50. Make up sentences, using the phrases in parentheses:

I haven’t seen him since 1998. (speak with my friend – last month; go to the theatre – last year; hear from them – last autumn; read anything in English – last May; translate anything – leave school.)

She has been ill for a week. (be absent – two weeks; the weather be fine – the last few days; know him – a long time; live in England – three years; be here – half an hour; have this picture – a year.)

Ex.51. Read a sentence and then add another one with “since” or “for”.

Example: I know Bob. (for five years) – I have known him for five years.

1. Jack lives in Boston. (since he was born)

2. Ann has a bad cold. (for the last few days)

3. I want to become a pilot. (since I was a child)

4. We know each other. (for many years)

5. I don’t receive any letters from her (since she left the town)

6. She wants to learn driving. (all her life)

7. Jill and Alice are good friends (since childhood)

8. I don’t see them. (for a long time)

9. Martin has a car. (for three years)

10. Collin is late for the lessons. ( twice for the last few days)

Ex.52. A. Read and learn the dialogue:

- I say Helen, how long have you known Jill?

- Let me see. I met her two years ago in 2002. So we have known each other for two years since we met in October of 2002.

B. Ask “how long have you known” questions round the class.

Ex.53. A. Read and learn the dialogue:

- Look here, Alice. How long have you had your jeans?

- Let me see. I bought them last year. So I have had my jeans for a year.

- Oh, I see. And I have had my jeans for a month. They are quite new.

B. Act out similar dialogues round the class.

Ex.54. Read and learn the rule:

PRESENT PERFECT OR PAST SIMPLE?

210. Оба времени настоящее совершенное и прошедшее неопределенное в большинстве случаев переводятся на русский язык глаголом прошедшего времени совершенного вида. Однако употребляются эти времена в совершенно разных ситуациях общения. Употребляя Present Perfect, говорящий подчеркивает связь действий с моментом речи. Вот почему Present Perfect часто употребляется, чтобы начать разговор, сменить или закончить тему разговора. Если же разговор продолжается на ту же тему, говорящий обычно употребляет Past Simple. Классическим примером является следующее стихотворение:

211. Pussy-cat, pussy-cat, where have you been?

212. I’ve been up to London to look at the Queen.

213. Pussy-cat, pussy-cat, what did you do there?

214. I frightened a little mouse under her chair.

215. Present Perfect никогда не употребляется с обстоятельствами прошедшего времени: yesterday, some time ago и т.д., а также если есть указание на точное время. В этом случае говорящий употребляет Past Simple.

216. Например: I visited him at 5 o’clock. В вопросительных предложениях, начинающихся с “when” (когда) употребляется только Past Simple, т.к. говорящего интересует лишь время совершения действия. Например: When did you see him?

217. Когда в предложении есть обстоятельства, указывающие на период времени, который еще не закончился, употребляется Present Perfect.

218. Например: I haven’t seen him this morning. (It is still morning). Тем не менее, если период времени истек, или есть указания на точное время в течение этого периода, употребляется Past Simple. Например: I didn’t see him this morning. (It is afternoon already).

Ex.55. Complete the statements. Use Past Simple in the completion. Example: I have just bought a very interesting book. I paid seventy rubbles for it.

1. Sue’s just bought a very nice blouse.

2. I’ve just read a very interesting book.

3. Martha has received a letter from her French friend today.

4. The Sandfords have been to the theatre twice this month.

5. Larry has found his pencil at last.

6. We haven’t been to the country this summer yet.

7. I haven’t seen Cora since she left the town.

8. My friend has just come to see me.

9. I have recently taken my younger sister to the cinema.

10. Jane hasn’t done her flat yet.

Ex.56. A. Read each situation and then complete it. Use the verbs in parentheses. Example: Ten minutes ago Tom lost his key. Now he has it in his hand. (lose/find) – Tom lost his key, but now he has found it.

1. I lost a lot of weight, but now I am too heavy again. (lose weight/ put on weight)

2. Linda went to America, but now she is back in England again. (go/ come back to)

3. Last year Peter bought a car; now it belongs to someone else. (buy/ sell)

4. Bill cut his hair. Now it is long again. (cut/ grow)

5. Somebody spilt milk on the carpet. Now it is clean again. (spill/ clean)

6. Betty lost her dictionary. Now it is on her desk again. (lose/ find)

7. Mark broke his umbrella. Now it is good again (break/ repair)

B. Speak about a similar situation in your life.

Ex.57. A. Make up questions with “how long” and “when”. Example: I know Tom. – How long have you known him? When did you first meet him?

I know Jerry. (How long/ know? When /meet him?)

I have lived in this city for some time. (How long/ live? When/ come?)

Santana and Len are married. (How long/ be married? When / get married?)

Olga lives in America. (How long/ live? When/ arrive?)

We have new furniture. (How long/ have? When/ buy it?)

Ben is ill. (How long/ be ill? When/ fall ill?)

I study English. (How long/ study? When/ begin to study it?)

Jenny has a big collection of stamps. (How long/ have it? When/ start to collect stamps?)

B. Make up a few questions of your own and ask them round the class. Listen to the answers.