- •In British isles: southern English, Northern, Scottish
- •By ass. Prof. L.M.Volkova,
- •The morphological level has two level units:
- •Lecture 3: grammatical meaning. Grammatical categories.
- •Vaddr.-adv. I won’t keep
- •Present Past
- •Future I Future II
- •Lecture 7: syntax. Basic syntactic notions.
- •World peace – peace all over the world
- •Table lamp – lamp for tables
- •Complication Contamination
- •Replacement – the use of the words that have a generalized meaning: one, do, etc, I’d like to take this one.
- •Ajoinment - the use of specifying words, most often particles: He did it – Only he did it.
- •Lecture 11: pragmatics. Speech act theory
- •It’s hot excuse
- •Representatives make words fit the world s believes X
- •Expressives make words fit the world s feels X
- •Commissives make the world fit words s intends X
- •Lecture 12: discourse analysis
- •Make your contribution as informative as required
- •Be relevant
- •Be orderly
- •It is only on the basis of assuming the relevance of b’s response that we can understand it as an answer to a’s question.
- •Lecture 13: the use of articles in english
- •3. The introductory function
- •The quantifying function
- •The identifying function
- •The definitizing function
- •The individualizing function
- •Psycholinguistic factors
- •Basic characteristics of the subconscious language
- •1. The word as the basic unit of the language. The size-of-unit and identity-of-unit problems.
- •2. The concept of the morpheme. Lexical and grammatical morphemes. The two aspects of the word analysis: on the morphemic and derivational levels.
- •3. Affixation. Classification of affixes. Productivity of affixes.
- •4. Conversion: different points of view. Semantic change accompanying the instances of conversion. The synchronic and diachronic aspects of conversion.
- •5. Composition. Structural classification.
- •6. Semantic aspect of compound words. Unstable compounds.
- •7. Shortening and minor types of modem English word-building.
- •8. The etymological structure of the English vocabulary: its mixed character.
- •9. Words of native origin and the role they play in the English vocabulary.
- •10. The concepts of "borrowing", "source of borrowing", "origin of borrowing". Special types of borrowings: translation-loans, doublets, international words.
- •11. The three layers of Latin borrowings and their characteristic features.
- •12. Words of French origin in the English vocabulary and their characteristic features.
- •13. Assimilation of borrowed words.
- •14. The concept of linguistic meaning. Lexical meaning and its aspects.
- •15. The concept of polysemy. Academician V.V.Vinogradov's theory of the types of lexical meaning.
- •16. Types of semantic changes: metaphor, metonymy, widening and narrowing of meaning.
- •17. Paradigmatic connections of words. Synonymy- Types of synonyms and their origin.
- •18. Syntagmatic connections of words. "Valency" and combinability. Lexical and syntactical combinability.
- •19. Types of word-groups. Characteristic features of free word-groups.
- •20. Phraseological units: definition and characteristic features.
- •21. Principles of classification of phraseological units and their origin.
- •22. Homonymy as the limit of polysemy. Classification of homonyms.
- •23. The concept of "functional style". The main stylistic layers of the English vocabulary. Basic vocabulary.
- •24. Neutral words and stylistically marked words: Formal vocabulary.
- •25. Neutral words and stylistically marked words: Informal vocabulary.
- •26. Terminology. Problems associated with the concept of the "term".
- •27. Neologisms. Types of new words and productive patterns of their building.
- •28. The concept of the "variety of the language". American English: grammatical and lexical peculiarities.
- •29. Lexicography. Types of English dictionaries. The main problems of dictionary compiling.
- •Красса Лекции по теоретической фонетике Примерные вопросы для контроля знаний
- •Lecture 1
- •Introduction Outline
- •2. Aspects and units of phonetics
- •3. Branches of phonetics
- •4. Methods of phonetic analysis
- •Lecture 2
- •2. Classification of pronunciation variants in English. British and American pronunciation models.
- •Lecture 3 Classification of English speech sounds Outline
- •Articulatory classification of English consonants
- •Articulatory classification of English vowels
- •1. Articulatory classification of English consonants
- •2. The articulatory classification of English Vowels
- •Lecture 4 Phoneme as a unit of language Outline
- •2. Types of allophones and the main features of the phoneme
- •3. Methods of the phonemic analysis
- •4. Main phonological schools
- •Lecture 5 The system of the English phonemes Outline
- •1. The system of consonant phonemes. Problem of affricates
- •2. The system of vowel phonemes. Problems of diphthongs and vowel length
- •1. The system of consonant phonemes. Problem of affricates
- •2. The system of vowel phonemes. Problems of diphthongs and vowel length
- •Lecture 6 Alternations and modifications of speech sounds in English Outline
- •2. Contextual alternations in English
- •3. Modifications of sounds in English
- •The syllabic structure in English Outline
- •1. Theories on syllable formal ion and division.
- •2. The structure and functions of syllables in English
- •1. Theories on syllable formation and division
- •Lecture 8 Word stress in English Outline
- •2. Place of word stress in English. Degrees of stress
- •4. Typology of accentual structures
- •Lecture 9
- •Intonation in English Outline
- •2. Components of intonation and the structure of English intonation group.
- •3. The phonological aspect of intonation.
29. Lexicography. Types of English dictionaries. The main problems of dictionary compiling.
Lexicography is the science and practice of compiling dictionaries and describing them.
All dictionaries are traditionally divided into encyclopedic and linguistic dictionaries.
Encyclopedic dictionaries are thing book, the deal eith concept reflecting different objects and phenomena, their relationships and so on.
Linguistic dictionaries are word-books. they list word of the language and give other linguistic facts. Besides these two types now there exists the so-called cultural dictionaries. They combine their information of two types both encyclopedic and linguistic dictionaries.
Linguistic dictionaries can be uni-lingual or explanatory and by-lingual or translation.
In the first one explanations are given in one language and the second one in a different/other language.
Dictionaries are also divided diachronic and synchronic.
The diachronic shows the history of the word and reflects its development up to the present moment.
One of the most famous dictionaries is the OED 13 volumes.
Synchronic dictionaries are disrupted dictionary. They show either the present day meaning and usage of words or those meaning which the words had at a certain historical period.
There are general and special dictionaries. General represent the vocabulary as a whole. Special dictionaries cover a specific part of the vocabulary; There are synonyms and antonyms, dictionaries of neologism and slang, pronouncing and so on.
There are glossaries and concordances. Glossaries explain term or difficult words, may be archaism, different branches of knowledge.
Concordances record the complete vocabulary of some author. EG: there are concordances to the works of W. Shakespeare.
And finally there are ideographic dictionaries and thesaurus. These dictionary group words according to the concepts expressed. They supply a word or words by which a given idea may be expressed.
The main problems of dictionary compiling It divided into two problem: that of the number of the words, and that of the list of words to be included in a dictionary. As for the number of words there exist dictionaries of different volumes, EG: there are pocket dictionaries with 25 or less thousand words. Among the largest dictionaries there is Webster’s dictionary, it include about 600000 words.
The volume of the dictionary and the list of the words depend on the type of dictionary and its aim. Hornsby’s dictionary student includes about 100000 words, among which there are no words used by Shakespeare.
On the contrary the OED does include such words, used by W. Shak. for specialist. The problem of the choice of words is connected with the problem of the norm of the language it may be included into a dictionary.
Красса Лекции по теоретической фонетике Примерные вопросы для контроля знаний
Phonetics as a branch of linguistics. Phonetics and other disciplines. Applications of phonetics.
Branches of phonetics.
Aspects of the sound matter of language.
Components of the phonetic system of language.
National and regional pronunciation variants in English.
British and American pronunciation models.
Most distinctive features of BBC English and Network English.
The articulatory classification of English vowels.
The articulatory classification of English consonants.
Phoneme as many-sided dialectic unity of language. Types of allophones. Distinctive and irrelevant features of the phoneme.
Main phonological schools.
The system of vowel phonemes in English. Problem of diphthongs.
The system of consonant phonemes in English. Problem of affricates.
Modifications of English consonants and vowels in speech.
Alternations of speech sounds in English.
Theories on syllable division and formation.
The structure and functions of syllable in English.
Word stress in English.
Intonation and prosody: definition, functions, components, spheres of application.
The structure of English tone-group.
The phonological level of intonation.
Methods of phonetic analysis.
Phonostylistics. Types and styles of pronunciation in English.
Phonetics of the spoken discourse.