18. Complete the following sentences according to the text.
1) The three ways to transfer heat are… .
2) Conduction is … .
3) Convection is … .
4) Radiation is … .
5) Convection occurs when …
6) Domestic radiators are thin and flat because … .
7) Our bodies and all other objects give off or absorb heat by … .
8) Energy traveling as heat by conduction needs … .
9) Conduction doesn’t travel through a vacuum because … .
10) Energy as heat is also conducted and circulated by … .
19. Answer the following questions.
1) What is conduction?
2) What is Convection?
3) What is Radiation?
4) What do they involve?
5) What is insulator?
6) Are metals good conductors?
7) What is the direction of kinetic energy in the process of conduction?
8) Are particles involved in the process of radiation?
9) Will a thin or a fat object radiate energy faster?
10) What color is better for radiators?
20. What parts of the text can you define? Do they correspond to the paragraphs? Name each part.
1. ________________ 4. ________________
2. ________________ 5. ________________
3. ________________ … ________________
LANGUAGE FOCUS
21. Choose the contextual meanings of the words written in bold in Text 2.
1) absorbing
a) всасывание |
c) поглощение |
b) захватывание |
d) улавливание |
2) light
a) легкий |
c) световой |
b) яркий |
d) светлый |
3) poor
a) слабый |
c) скудный |
b) бедный |
d) плохой |
4) insulator
a) диэлектрик |
c) изоляция |
b) непроводник |
d) изолятор |
5) free
a) бесплатный |
c) свободный |
b) незанятый |
d) неприкрепленный |
6) packed
a) уплотнены |
c) упакованы |
b) скучены |
d) сжаты |
22. Translate the following words and phrases into English using the vocabulary of the text.
Теплопередача, диэлектрики, конвекция, свободные электроны, излучение, беспрерывно, вибрация, кинетическая энергия, матовая поверхность, сталкиваться, расширяться, отражать, поглощать, перенос, тепловая энергия, объем, частицы, вакуум, волны, атомы под напряжением, молекулы воды.
23. Find at least 10 international words in the text and underline them.
24. Translate in written form.
These great old radiators used a combination of radiation and conduction to heat a room. Down in the basement was usually a steam boiler converting the chemical energy stored in coal (in the old days) or fuel oil or natural gas (more common nowadays), into "heat" which was used to convert liquid water into gas phase water (steam). The steam flowed up into the radiators where its heat was transferred by conduction to the air and by radiation to the objects in the room.
GRAMMAR FOCUS