4. Give Russian equivalents of the following words and phrases. Try to memorize them.

Nouns and noun phrases

attempt	flue	flat tiles
series	accumulation
supporting piers	patterns of mosaic

Verbs and verbal phrases

to lag

Adjectives

suitable

accelerated

embedded

Adverbs

nevertheless

READING TASK: Text 1

5. Answer the following question and read the text below to check your answer.

Are there any links between industrial revolution and heating a building?

From the History of Heating

Everyone will agree that comfort is necessary for living. And one of the most important factors is suitable indoor temperature.

For centuries the art of heating a building, however, was believed to be so simple that it did not require scientific study and probably for that reason technical development in heating lagged for many years as compared with other arts.

Nevertheless, the discovery of making a fire is considered to be people’s first attempt to create comfort.

But it was the Romans who had contributed a lot to the development of heating. They constructed the floor of their buildings on a series of supporting piers, which they made of flat tiles. They placed the piers 2 feet apart for the hot gases to travel under the floor. So we can say that the Romans invented kind of underfloor heating. Beautifully designed patterns of mosaic decorated the floor surface of their buildings. The Romans used charcoal for the central fire to avoid accumulation of soot. In order to conduct the gases into the atmosphere they built flues in the walls.

The next step was the introduction of the warm air furnace which was later replaced with the hot water boiler and pipe system. Sir John Stone was the first to install a heating system of pipes in the Bank of England in 1790.

The introduction of radiators was the next stage in the heating evolution. At the end of the 19th century, accelerated circulation of hot water reduced the size of the pipe diameter. Motor driven circulator and pumps were used.

The “era” of radiant heating came later. In 1908 it was introduced on a commercial basis. Although many radiant heating systems were installed, it was several years after its innovation that the theory underlying the principles of radiant heating was understood. It became clear that heating was worth studying and developing.

Sometime later it was discovered that small hot pipes embedded in plaster or concrete gave good results and formed a very efficient heating system. Nowadays… (add your ideas)

COMPREHENSION CHECK

6. Put the following sentences in the correct order according to the text.

1) ___ People began to use motor driven circulator and pumps.

2) ___ A heating system of pipes was installed in the Bank of England.

3) ___ The Romans invented kind of underfloor heating.

4) ___ People introduced radiators.

5) ___ People discovered a fire.

6) ___ The “era” of radiant heating came.