2. Indirect

1.Direct definition – names the trait

V.S. Naipaul Half a Life

The Correias, for instance, were proud of their aristocratic name. They were also obsessed with money. They talked about it all the time. They lived with the idea of a great disaster about to happen.

2. Indirect presentation:

a. actions

- static/dynamic

-conflict (person - person; person -environment; person - self)

b. speech (indicative of origin, social status, profession, dwelling place)

J. Austen Sanditon

Sir Edward: “My sister wanted my counsel in the selection of some books. We have many leisure hours and read a great deal. I am no indiscriminate novel reader. You will never hear me advocating those puerile emanations which detail nothing but discordant principles incapable of amalgamation, or those vapid tissues of ordinary occurrences from which no useful deductions can be drawn. In vain we put them into a literary alembic; we distil nothing which can add to science. You understand me, I am sure?”

“I am not quite certain that I do.” – said Charlotte.

c. environment

- physical surrounding

-human environment

d. external appearance

М. Булгаков Мастер и Маргарита

Какой-то не то больной, не то не больной, а странный, обросший бородой, в черной шапочке и в каком-то халате спускался вниз нетвердыми шагами.

Text interpretation Hermeneutics

Hermes = the Greek God of communication, arts, and trade

Hermeneutics = art of interpreting ancient literature, studying the Bible

New Criticism / Practical Criticism

Interpretation (Greek = explication) = explaining the meaning and elucidating the sense (Prof. Vorobyova)

Выготский Л.С. Мышление и речь

Если «значение» слова является объективным отражением системы связей и отношений, то «смысл» – это привнесение субъективных аспектов значения соответственно данному моменту и ситуации.

1. Textual meaning (explicit content, direct information, objective, unambiguous)

Linguostylistic analysis - the focus on the explicit level of the text (textual meaning - WHAT THE AUTHOR SAID)

non-fictional/expository texts

2. Textual sense (implicit, hidden meanings, subjective, individual, ambiguous)

А. Блок Незнакомка

И перья страуса склоненные

В моем качаются мозгу,

И очи синие бездонные

Цветут на дальнем берегу.

meaning of textual elements = a means of expressing sense

Text interpretation - the focus on implications (textual sense - WHAT THE AUTHOR INTENDED TO SAY)

fictional/literary texts

Interpretation of the text =

to show the relation between the concept of the text with its content and the linguistic form which is a part of the content

Jauss H.R. Toward an Aesthetic of Reception

The model for text interpretation:

1/ understanding (meaning)

2/ Interpretation (sense)

3/ Application (aesthetic or emotional reaction to the text)

THE SCHEME FOR TEXT INTERPRETATION

(literary discourse)

1. Analysis of the traditional aspect of the text

(Morokhovsky = “Broad literary norm”)

- the information about the author

- a brief information about the literary trend and tradition

- the general features of the given genre of the text

2. The theme and message of the text

- the definition of the main idea(s)

-the key thematic lines (the reflection of the theme in the choice of vocabulary)