- •I. Major patterns of sound arrangement
- •Patterns of sound arrangement:
- •1. Versification
- •2. Sound instrumenting
- •1. Versification
- •Types of rhymes
- •1. According to the position of the stress
- •2. According to the structure:
- •II. Sound-instrumentation
- •1. Alliteration
- •2. Assonance
- •I shall clasp a sainted maiden, whom the angels name Lenore.
- •Onomatopoeia
- •Vroom vroom, brrrrm brr
- •Stylistic effects and functions of Phonological sd:
- •III. Sound symbolism
- •Pope: “The sound must seem an echo of sense”.
- •Is motivated by associations
- •The 'phonaesthetic fallacy’
- •Graphical stylistics
- •This is just to sa y
- •I have eaten the plums that were in the icebox
- •Stylistic effects and functions
- •It clearer war just isn’t what
- •Is used to reflect different idiosyncrasies of speech
- •A means of characterization morphological stylistics Morphological em and sd
- •Transposition of the categories of different parts of speech
- •It is most mad and moonly
- •Is deeper than the sea
- •It is most sane and sunly
2. Assonance
=repetition of similar vowel sounds
Tell this soul with sorrow laden, if within the distant Aiden,
I shall clasp a sainted maiden, whom the angels name Lenore.
Clasp a rare and radiant maiden, whom the angels name Lenore? (E. A. Poe)
Брожу ли я вдоль улиц шумных,
Вхожу ли во многолюдный храм,
Сижу ль меж юношей безумных,
Я предаюсь своим мечтам. А.С.Пушкин
Onomatopoeia
= a combination of sounds, which imitate natural sounds
types
- nonlexical = clusters of sounds, without linguistic structure
Vroom vroom, brrrrm brr
- lexical = recognised words in the language system
thud, crack, slurp, buzz
- direct / genuine - noise-imitating words
buzz, roar, bang, hiss, sizzle, twitter, swish, burble, splash, quack-quack
- indirect = deliberate repetition of sounds
And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain
Thrilled me, filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before… ( E. A. Poe)
Осінній день, осінній день, осінній!
О синій день, о синій день, о синій!
Осанна осені, о сум! Осанна!
Невже це осінь, осінь. О! - та сама.
Останні айстри горілиць зайшлися болем.
Ген килим витканий із птиць летить над полем. (Л. Костенко)
Шевченко Т.Г. «Великий льох» Крав! Крав! Крав! Крав Богдан крам. Та повіз у Київ, Та продав злодіям Той крам, що накрав. |
V. Rich Kr-rr, Kr - rr, Kr - rr! Bohdan cribbed crocks And carted to Kyiv, And sold to crooks The cricks he cribbed. |
Stylistic effects and functions of Phonological sd:
to make utterances expressive and melodic
to make texts easy to memorize
to produce the effect of euphony or harmonious sounding
to carry a definite aesthetic function
to foreground different 'sounds effects'
to demonstrate the acoustic picture of reality
III. Sound symbolism
separate sounds may awake certain ideas, feelings, images, etc.
The valley... and the green chestnut...
Are mocked dry like the parched bed of a brook. S. Spender
poetry - music: harmony, euphony, rhythm.
Pope: “The sound must seem an echo of sense”.
Is motivated by associations
П. Вяземский - любовь, друг, дружба, телятина
Phonetic associations - through analogy
bl = disgust = bloody
blamed, blessed, blowed, blooming
Every blessed fool was present.
Alfred Doolittle (Pygmalion by Bernard Shaw):
"I can't carry the girl through the streets like a blooming monkey, can I?"
The 'phonaesthetic fallacy’
Tone - attitude (ironic, serious, threatening, light-hearted, pessimistic etc.)
Graphical stylistics
This is just to say I have eaten the plums that were in the icebox and which you were probably saving for breakfast. Forgive me, they were delicious so sweet and so cold.