- •5) Origin and evolution of political parties in Kazakhstan.
- •9) Pressure groups. Business groups in politics. Corporation.
- •10) Political participation in Kazakhstan.
- •12)Forms of participation in Kazakhstan.
- •Voting behavior types
- •17) Western Polyarchy as modern democracy.
- •18)Economic, social and political preconditions of democracy.
- •19) Stages of democratic transitions.
- •In the arena of social policy it may refer to a relaxation of laws restricting for example divorce, abortion, or drugs
- •In the arena of civil rights policy it may refer to the elimination of laws prohibiting same-sex sexual relations, same-sex marriage, interracial marriage, or interfaith marriage
- •21) Democratisation and globalisation.
- •30) Compare last elections into Majilis 2007 and 2012. What are the strengths and weaknesses?
- •107 Deputies of the Majilis will be elected in two stages:
- •In 2007, 337 members of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan participated in the elections of deputies from the Assembly.
- •31) Explain why the party “Nur Otan” is dominating in Kazakhstan party system? What is the role of other political parties in it?
- •32.Changes and reforms in the political system of independent states of Central Asia and Kazakhstan.
- •It can be summed up as “the state is a collection of human beings occupying a definite territory under an organised government d is subject to no outside control.”
- •(1) Population
- •(4) Sovereignty
- •35. Globalization, its perspectives and problems, positive and negative sides. Anti-globalist movements.
- •36. International relations: essence, main stages, conceptions and basic tendencies.
- •List of international organization leaders in 2013
- •International Atomic Energy Agency Director-General - Yukiya Amano, Japan (2009–present)
- •International Civil Aviation Organization President of the Council - Roberto Kobeh Gonzalez, Mexico (2006–present) Secretary-General - Raymond Benjamin, France (2009–present)
- •International Labour Organization Director-General - Guy Ryder, uk (2012–present)
- •38. Main global problems of the modernity.
- •[Edit]Subfields
- •International relations
- •41. Explane difference between ethnic identity and civic identity. How do you understand national identity?
- •42. What is the difference between self government and local government?
- •Local government
- •43. What is the diference between federation and confederation?
- •Comparison chart
- •44)Basic actors of political relations, their essence and classification.
- •45)Explane difference between ethnic identity and civic identity. How do you understand national identity?
- •46)What is the difference between self- government and local government?
- •47)What is the diference between federation and confederation?
17) Western Polyarchy as modern democracy.
A polycracy is a state ruled by more than one person, as opposed to monocracy. The word is derived from Greek poly which means "many" and kratos which means "rule" or "strength".
Control over governmental decisions about policy is constitutionally vested in elected officials.
Elected officials are chosen and peacefully removed in relatively frequent, fair and free elections in which coercion is quite limited.
Practically all adults have the right to vote in these elections.
Most adults also have the right to run for the public offices for which candidates run in these elections.
Citizens have an effectively enforced right to freedom of expression, particularly political expression, including criticism of the officials, the conduct of the government, the prevailing political, economic, and social system, and the dominant ideology.
They also have access to alternative sources of information that are not monopolized by the government or any other single group.
Finally, they have an effectively enforced right to form and join autonomous associations, including political associations, such as political parties and interest groups, that attempt to influence the government by competing in elections and by other peaceful means.
18)Economic, social and political preconditions of democracy.
19) Stages of democratic transitions.
Democratic transitions are recent phenomena. It is the process in which states change from an authoritarian regime to a democracy. In a democracy, constituents choose leaders through fair and competitive elections. The transition operates in three main stages. The first step is when the hard-liner faces the popular revolution that claims for more rights; and the usual outcome of this is either a harsh (sometimes deadly) repression or the emergence of a “soft-liner” who accepts to negotiate and to grants more rights to the population. The second stage presents two following possibilities: either the dictator, who hold tightly on power, descend his army again the population or the negotiations end up in the organization of elections. The third stage is as decisive as the two previous ones. It is the outcome of the dictator’s “stubbornness” or that of the newly held elections. In most sad cases, the dictator usually succeeds to maintain his/her power by imposing military force. In the case elections prevail, there are to outcomes. The first being the birth of democracy, if actually all implied parties follow the pre-negotiated rules of the game (agreement). Another possibility in this third stage of transition is a return of violence when one of the parties betrays the previous agreements. In the case, the soft-liner may resort to force to assiege his/her authority, which returns the regime to authoritarianism; and this require the re-start of the whole process for the democratic transition to democracy to begin again. 20) Liberalisation, democratisation, consolidation.
In general, liberalization (or liberalisation) refers to a relaxation of previous government restrictions, usually in areas of social or economic policy. In some contexts this process or concept is often, but not always, referred to as deregulation.[1] Liberalization of autocratic regimes may precede democratization (or not, as in the case of the Prague Spring).