Типовые вопросы

2.Multi-dimensional view of power (S. Lukes).

3.Power and decision-making.

4.Political manipulation.

5.Origin and evolution of political parties in Kazakhstan.

6.Modern party system.

7.Classification of political parties in Kazakhstan.

8.“Party of power”.

9.Pressure groups. Business groups in politics. Corporatism.

10.Political participation in Kazakhstan.

11.Sociological characteristics of political participation.

12.Forms of participation in Kazakhstan.

13.Voting behaviour. Explanatory power of American theories of voting behaviour in the study of Kazakhstan politics.

14.Why in your opinion the political party “Ak Zhol” devoted in two different parties? Who were previous leaders of this party & where are they now?

15.Direct and representative democracy.

16.Elections in Kazakhstan are they democratic o non democratic? Explain why?

17.Western Polyarchy as modern democracy.

18.Economic, social and political preconditions of democracy.

19.Stages of democratic transitions.

20.Liberalisation, democratisation, consolidation.

21.Democratisation and globalisation.

22.Does political parties in Kazakhstan have ideology? If yes what is the difference between resent communistic ideology (In Soviet time) and new one?

23.Fascist and communist totalitarian regimes.

24.Post-totalitarian regimes.

25.Representation in politics. Party as a representative institution.

26.Political parties. Pressure groups. Articulation and aggregation of interests.

27.What are the main reasons for changing our capital from Almaty into Astana?

28.Political problems of an independent Kazakhstan in the context of global processes.

29.Political science (politics), its essence, schools and trends.

30.Compare last elections into Majilis 2007 and 2012. What are the strengths and weaknesses?

31.Explain why the party “Nur Otan” is dominating in Kazakhstan party system? What is the role of other political parties in it?

32.Changes and reforms in the political system of independent states of Central Asia and Kazakhstan.

33.The phenomenon of democracy, its merits and demerits, positive and negative sides.

34.The state, its concept, features, forms of government and territorial organization.

35.Globalization, its perspectives and problems, positive and negative sides. Anti-globalist movements.

36.International relations: essence, main stages, conceptions and basic tendencies.

37.International organizations, their place and role in the modern global epoch.

38.Main global problems of the modernity.

39.Traditions in the development of political science.

40.Basic actors of political relations, their essence and classification.

41.Explane difference between ethnic identity and civic identity. How do you understand national identity?

42.What is the difference between self government and local government?

43.What is the diference between federation and confederation?

2) Multi-dimensional view of power (S. Lukes). The three views of Power previously mentioned are discussed by Lukes in his book, Power: A Radical View. The idea is that the effectiveness and level of power for a given group or individual can be measured by considering certain criteria. The focuses of these views are discussed at length in Lukes' work, and he offers the Third Dimension as his own view of the shortcomings of the other views previously postulated by others, as well as being a more appropriate way to assess power.

The One Dimensional View of Power focuses only on behavior in decision making, specifically on key issues and essentially only in blatantly observable situations. These often take the form of subjective interests: policy preferences demonstrated through political action.^[3]

The Two Dimensional View of Power qualifies the First Dimension's critique of behavior and focuses on decision-making and nondecision-making. It also looks at current and potential issues and expands the focus on observable conflict to those types that might be observed overtly or covertly. But the Two Dimensional View still focuses on subjective interests, though those seen as policy preferences or even grievances.^[4]

The Three Dimensional View of Power, offered by Lukes in his work, is a "thoroughgoing critique" of the behavioral focus.^[5] It concentrates on the decision-making in a political agenda and the control over that agenda. As in the Two Dimensional View, both current issues and potential issues are considered. But Lukes expands the critique to include both overt and covert observable conflicts, and those that might be latent. Also, Lukes illustrates that a full critique of power should include both subjective interests and those "real" interests that might be held by those excluded by the political process

3) Power and decision-making.

In an earlier article, we discussed the four major types of decision-making: authoritarian, authoritative, consultative and consensual, and noted that managers should have all four in their repertories.Each is applicable to a different kind of situation. Authoritarian for emergencies, authoritative for situations where increasing the skill and knowledge of workers is essential, consultative when the goal is to engage people in the process of work and consensual when the goal is spread the decision deeper into the organization.Trust is another essential ingredient to the optimal functioning of a company.  Executives and managers must trust each other or communication breaks down. Workers throughout the organization must trust their leaders, especially their immediate manager, or they will not give their best performance on a daily basis. Customers must trust the company or they will not buy the organizations products and services.One definition of leadership is to understand and use power wisely. However, thinking about power is troubling because it is difficult to define just what power is in a positive fashion. Certainly, the use of power is obvious in a reduction in force, a pay freeze or the separation of an employee. But these examples only provide specific situations where the results are generally negative. Perhaps such easily recalled examples are the reason discussions of power are difficult.Weaving the concepts of power, decision-making and trust together, we can understand how executives and managers can exercise power wisely to build trust within the organization.  The key to this understanding is an in-depth knowledge of decision-making and the experience to make good decisions about how to make decisions.

It is reasonable to define the management of people as having two major components: communication and decision-making. Decision-making is a specific example of communication.  Nothing communicates more quickly or emotionally than a negative decision that affects a large number of people within an organization. Perhaps this is the reason that the causal relationship between decision-making and trust is not better examined and understood.Decision-making is the most visible example of the use of power in an organization and understanding decision-making can be an important way to understand how to use the power of a managerial or executive position to build or destroy trust.

4) Political manipulation.

The political manipulation is the major problem of research of sociopolitical sciences which is still insufficiently studied in the scientific literature. Naturally, in one article it is impossible to capture all aspects of a political manipulation, therefore I would like to consider only its concept and definition.

First of all it is necessary to tell that the greatest danger to citizens and democratic government devices represents mass media use (further - mass-media) for a political manipulation-hidden of management of political consciousness and behavior of people on purpose to force them to operate or stay idle contrary to own interests. Thus the manipulation is based on lie. And it is not «lie in rescue», and mercenary actions.

From all variety of the processing methods used for changing the political behavior of people, it is possible to allocate the receptions, allowing to manipulate behavior of people. The political manipulation is enough difficult socially-spiritual formation structured on many levels and the bases, and is functional, shown in the politician and its subjects, dynamically and inconsistently. In this connection it is necessary to notice that quite often there are situations when enough fast and effective influence on behavior of people is required to the political subject, but thus it is limited in the right to apply frank compulsion and violence, it doesn't have possibilities to affect on those who possesses powers to pass laws or other statutory acts, it doesn't have time to wait, when peoples belief and valuable preferences changes. In such situations the manipulation of peoples behavior becomes an everyday occurrence.

In politics manipulation is understood as a special kind of influence when the manipulator induces the person to actions which that didn't intend to carry out at present. Manipulation differs from power, imperious influence with absence of the direct instructions, the order what to do, and open compulsion following it or threat of application of sanctions [1]. In a course of manipulating influence the person doesn't feel external compulsion, it seems him that he makes decision, chooses the form of the behavior himself.

5) Origin and evolution of political parties in Kazakhstan.

6)Modern party system. A party system is a concept in comparative political science concerning the system of government by political parties in a democratic country. The idea is that political parties have basic similarities: they control the government, have a stable base of mass popular support, and create internal mechanisms for controlling funding, information and nominations.

The First Party System is a model of American politics used by political scientists and historians to periodize the political party system existing in the United States between roughly 1792 and 1824.^[1] It featured two national parties competing for control of the presidency, Congress, and the states: the Federalist Party, created largely by Alexander Hamilton, and the rival Republican Party formed by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. The Federalists were dominant until 1800, while the Republicans were dominant after 1800.

7) Classification of political parties in Kazakhstan.

8)" “Party of power”. The party in power - the code name totality of political organizations and groups, members of which belong to political power in the country." "Party of power", wrote in 1992, Andrew Wilson and Valentine Jakushin - a political unit consisting of pragmatic ideology-oriented and the higher circles of the old range of representatives of the state apparatus, the media, the leaders of the traditional sectors of industry and agriculture. "

The main features of the "party of power": • party representing the interests of the top echelon of the central (federal) government; • The organization of the party or kvazipartiynogo type created by the consolidated political elite to participate in the elections; • Party created by politicians, at the moment of creation in high-level positions; • party aimed, primarily, at the preservation and reproduction of the power elite that created it; • party providing efficient operation of the legislative system in the face of strong presidential power (for Russia). Thus, from our point of view, the "party of power" - a party-type association, established consolidated political elite, for the preservation and reproduction of power through participation in the elections in order to exercise control over the legal system of the State.

9) Pressure groups. Business groups in politics. Corporation.

Pressure groups it is non-profit and usually voluntary organization whose members have a common cause for which they seek to influence political or corporate decision makers to achieve a declared objective. Whereas interest groups try to defend a cause (maintain the status quo), the pressure groups try to promote it

A corporation is a separate legal entity that has been incorporated through a legislative or registration process established through legislation. Incorporated entities have legal rights and liabilities that are distinct from their employees and shareholders,^[1] and may conduct business as either a profit-seeking business or not for profit business. Early incorporated entities were established by charter (i.e. by an ad hoc act granted by a monarch or passed by a parliament or legislature). Most jurisdictions now allow the creation of new corporations through registration.