- •Часть II. Грамматика
- •Раздел 1. Образование форм Система видо-временных форм английского глагола в изъявительном наклонении
- •Образование отрицательных форм
- •Построение общего вопроса
- •Раздел 2. Употребление
- •2.1. Различия в употреблении Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous
- •Раздел 3. Основные случаи употребления глагола в видо-временных формах
- •Раздел 4. Другие случаи употребления глагола в видо-временных формах
- •Раздел 5. Revision
- •Раздел 6. Tests
- •Раздел 7. Страдательный залог
- •7.1. Образование форм
- •Дополнение дополнение
- •Образование отрицательной формы глаголов в страдательном залоге
- •Образование вопросительной формы глаголов в страдательном залоге
- •7.2. Употребление залога Страдательный залог употребляется:
- •Заметьте:
- •7.3. Употребление видо-временных форм
- •В страдательном залоге
- •Заметьте:
- •Раздел 3.
- •Раздел 4.
- •Раздел 5.
- •Раздел 6.
- •Раздел 7.
- •Раздел 7.2.
- •Содержание
- •Толстоухова Валентина Федоровна
- •Английский язык
- •Часть II. Грамматика
- •220050, Минск, проспект ф. Скорины, 4.
- •220037, Минск, ул. Ботаническая, 15, тел. 284-66-44.
Образование отрицательных форм
Все видо-временные формы кроме Present Simple и Past Simple состоят из двух элементов и более, отрицательная форма образуется путем постановки частицы not после первого элемента сказуемого.
is collecting - is not collecting
Not может сливаться с первым элементом сказуемого.
is collecting - isn’t collecting
Чтобы построить отрицательное предложение с отрицанием в глаголе-сказуемом, действуйте так:
Определите сказуемое.
В сказуемом определите первый элемент
Чтобы получить полную отрицательную форму сказуемого, поставьте not после 1-го элемента и оставьте все остальное без изменений.
He is collecting stamps. – He is not collecting stamps.
В разговорной речи употребляется слитная отрицательна форма: n’t сливается с первым элементом сказуемого. Сравните:
He is collecting stamps. – He is not collecting stamps. He isn’t collecting stamps.
4. Rewrite each sentence as a positive or negative sentence
1.He’s sleeping now. (negative) |
9. She was listening to the radio at 7 o’clock last night. (negative) |
2. John has been watching television for half an hour. (negative) |
10.They are reading. (negative) |
3. He has agreed to your idea. (negative) |
11. He had seen the film before going for a walk. (negative) |
4.They're not playing football. (positive)
|
12. My secretary will be sending letters from 7 to 8 tomorrow. (negative) |
5. I have never gone anywhere by now. (positive) |
13. He's eating. (negative) |
6. She will be in London next week. (negative) |
14. I’m not working. (positive) |
7.They were sleeping at 6 o’clock yesterday. (negative) |
15. He had been painting the house for 2 hours by the dinner time yesterday. (negative) |
8.I have seen Peter this week. (negative) |
16.Ann has been answering for twenty minutes. (negative) |
Чтобы образовать отрицательное предложение, если сказуемое употреблено в Present Simple или Past Simple, необходимо вначале образовать первый элемент do или does в зависимости от лица (do – I, we, you, they; does – he, she, it) для Present Simple, did – для Past Simple.
Например:
She speaks English very well. They speak French fluently.
She does speak English very well. They do speak French fluently.
She does not speak English very well. They do not speak French fluently.
She doesn’t speak English very well. They don’t speak French fluently.
He visited England last week. You wrote a very interesting article.
He did visit England last week. You did write a very interesting article.
He did not visit England last week. You did not write a very interesting article.
He didn’t visit England last week. You didn’t write a very interesting article.
Rewrite each sentence as a positive or negative sentence
1.I come from Africa. (negative) |
10.We watched television every night last year. (negative) |
2. He doesn't live in this street. (positive) |
11. He doesn't walk to work every day. (positive) |
3. Marry works in this office. (negative) |
12.She doesn't smoke. (positive) |
4. He doesn't know the answer. (positive) |
13.They visit their parents very often. (negative) |
5. She goes to work by car. (negative) |
14.They went to school on Sundays. (negative) |
6. The film didn't start at six o’clock. (positive) |
15. He didn't see you immediately. (positive) |
7.It rains a lot in autumn. (negative) |
16.She studies French. (negative) |
8.They came up to the window. (negative) |
17.They knew about the disco last night. (negative) |
9. We met the Browns. (negative) |
18.They visit London every summer. (negative) |
Проанализируйте отрицательные видо-временные формы, представленные в таблицe.
|
Simple (Indefinite) Неопределенное |
Continuous Длительное |
Perfect Cовершенное |
Perfect Continuous Совершенно-Длительное |
|||||||||
Present |
Active |
I you we they
|
do not (don’t) |
ask |
I you we they |
am not
are not (aren’t) |
asking |
I you we they |
have not (haven’t) |
asked |
I you we they |
have not (haven’t) been. |
asking |
he she it |
does not (doesn’t) |
he she it |
Is not (isn’t) |
he she it |
has not (hasn’t) |
he she it |
has not (hasn’t) been |
||||||
Passive |
I you we they
|
am not
are not (aren’t) |
asked |
I
you we they |
am not being are not being |
asked |
I you we they |
have not (haven’t) been |
asked |
нет
|
|||
he she it
|
is not (isn’t) |
he she it |
is not (isn’t) being |
he she it |
has not (hasn’t) been |
||||||||
Past |
Active |
I you we they
|
did not (didn’t) |
asked |
I he she it |
was not (wasn’t) |
asking |
I you he she it we they |
had not (hadn’t) |
asked |
I you he she it we they |
had not (hadn’t) been |
asking |
he she it |
you we they |
were not (weren’t) |
|||||||||||
|
Simple (Indefinite) Неопределенное |
Continuous Длительное |
Perfect Cовершенное |
Perfect Continuous Совершенно-Длительное |
|||||||||
Passive |
you we they
|
were not (weren't) |
asked |
you we they |
were not (weren't) being |
asked |
I you he she it we they |
had not (hadn’t) been |
asked |
нет
|
|||
I he she it |
was not (wasn't) |
I he she it |
was not being |
||||||||||
Future |
Active |
I we |
shall not (shan't) |
ask |
I we |
shall not (shan't) be |
asking |
I we |
shall not have asked |
asked |
I we |
shall not (shan't) have been |
asking |
you they he she it
|
will not (won't) |
you they he she it |
will not (won't) be |
you they he she it |
will not (won't) have |
you they he she it |
will not (won't) have been |
||||||
Passive |
I we |
shall not be |
asked |
нет
|
I we |
shall not have been |
asked |
нет
|
|||||
you they he she it |
will not (won't) be |
you they he she it |
will not (won't) have been |
||||||||||