Заметьте:

При наличии предлога после глагола в страдательном залоге (например: was spoken about, was looked at) перевод предложения на русский язык начинается с перевода этого предлога.

The new film was much spoken about.

О новом фильме много говорили.

3. Put the sentences in the Passive. Translate them into Russian.

1. They gave up the search after three hours.

2. No one brought up that question at the meeting.

3. Someone should look into the matter.

4. It was clear that the parents had brought the child up well.

5. We had to put off our visit until later.

6. His bank manager turned down his request for a loan.

7. You must account for every penny you spent.

8. Someone hasn't stuck this stamp on very firmly.

9. How can we bring about the desired result?

4. Complete the sentences in the Passive. Translate them into Russian.

1. She is feeling poorly, so (send for the doctor).

2. He often says amusing things which (laugh at).

3. I respect him very much because (rely on).

4. The house looks very nice because (look after well).

5. The climate in England is not very good that's why (complain about).

6. The book is very popular with our students because (touch upon many problems).

7. She felt lonely and unhappy because (not/care for).

8. The discussion was very long but at last (arrive at an agreement).

9. He always says clever things that's why (listen to).

10. She works very hard that's why (think well of).

• В конструкциях с формальным подлежащим it, когда глаголы в страдательном залоге обозначают умственное или физическое восприятие, предло­жение, приказ, решение и т. д. (с такими глаголами, как to say – говорить, to announce – объявить, to explain – объяснять, to think – думать, to know – знать, to believe – верить, to demand – требовать, to decide – решать, to agree – соглашаться и др.). За этой конструкцией (в страдательном залоге) следует придаточное предложение с союзом that.

It is said that she turned the job Говорят, что она отказалась от

down. работы.

She is expected to win. Ожидают, что она выиграет.

Radio is known to have been invented Известно, что радио было

by Popov. изобретено Поповым

(радио изобрел Попов.).

• Предложения с формальным подлежащим it и с глаголом-сказуемым в Passive Voice (страдательном залоге) на русский язык переводятся неопреде­ленно-личными предложениями типа: it is said – говорят, it is reported –сообщают, it is known –известно, it is thought – думают, считают, it is believed – полагают и т. д.

It is said that the delegation will Говорят, что делегация прибудет

come tomorrow. завтра.

5. Rewrite the sentences in the alternative passive form, beginning your sentences with the words in italics. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. It is said that he is an honest, hard-working man.

2. It is considered that this surgeon is a brilliant practitioner.

3. It is now thought that some redundancies in the Company are inevitable.

4. It was proved that the statements he had made were false.

5. It is believed that the Chancellor is thinking of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue.

6. It is reported that several Japanese manufacturers are planning to set up plants overseas.

7. It was claimed that the drug produced no undesirable side-effects.

8. It is believed that the Government has had second thoughts on this problem.

9. It was believed that the explosion had been caused by a mine.

10. It is presumed that the ship's radio equipment was put out of action during the fire.

11. It is thought that the driver had both legs broken in the crash.

7.4. Revision

1. Complete the sentences with a passive construction, using the verbs given, and in a suitable form.

1. The new washing machines (turn out) at the rate of fifty a day.

2. When her husband died, she naturally assumed that she (provide for).

3. We've had to move into a hotel while the house we've just bought (do up).

4. The employee was assured of his (take on) again as soon as work was available.

5. Richard always (tell off) for careless mistakes nowadays.

6. The agreement had to (draw up) in the presence of two witnesses.

7. Some Heads of Government now fear that negotiations (break off) before a settlement is reached.

8. The chairman of the board of directors assured shareholders that the matter of the deficiency (look into) by the time the next meeting was held.

9. He felt he (let down) badly by his best friend.

10. The search party had little idea where to start looking, the climber's tracks (blot out) by a recent snowstorm.

2. Answer the questions using the Passive Voice.

1. Wages or a salary–which is a teacher paid?

2. If you wrote to a school for information, what might you be sent?

3. What is a patient given before an operation?

4. What opportunity would you like to be offered?

5. How much is a Member of Parliament paid in your country? (a nurse? a secretary? a bus driver? etc.)

6. What foreign languages were you taught at school?

3. Make the sentences passive.

1. The milkman brings the milk to my door but the postman leaves the letters in the hall.

2. In future, perhaps, they won't bring letters to the houses, and we shall have to collect them from the Post Office.

3. People steal things from supermarkets every day; someone stole twenty bottles of whisky from this one last week.

4. Normally men sweep this street every day, but nobody swept it last week.

5. The postman clears this box three times a day. He last cleared it at 2.30.

6. Someone turned on a light in the hall and opened the door.

7. Women clean this office in the evening after the staff have left; they clean the upstairs offices between seven and eight in the morning.

8. We never saw him in the dining-room. A maid took all his meals up to him.

9. Someone left this purse in a classroom yesterday; the cleaner found it.

10. We build well over 1,000 new houses a year. Last year we built 1,500.

11.We serve hot meals till 10.30, and guests can order coffee and sandwiches up to 11.30.

12. Passengers leave all sorts of things in buses. The conductors collect them and send them to the Lost Property Office.

13. An ambulance took the sick man to hospital. (Mention ambulance.)

14. We kill and injure people on the roads every day. Can't we do something about this?

15. Dogs guard the warehouse. The other day a thief tried to get in and a dog saw him and chased him. (A thief who . . .)

16. The watchman called the police. The police arrested the man.

17. Tom had only a slight injury and they helped him off the field; but Jack was seriously injured and they carried him off on a stretcher. (Tom, who had. . ., but Jack, who was . . .)

18. You can't wash this dress; you must dry-clean it.

19. They are demolishing the entire block.

20. He recommends fitting new tyres. (Use should)

21. He suggested allowing council tenants to buy their houses.

22. Men with slide rules used to do these calculations; now a computer does them.

23. The court tried the man, found him guilty and sent him to prison.

24. The hall porter polishes the knockers of all the flats every day. ~ Well, he hasn't polished mine for a week.

25.They are repairing my piano at the moment.

26. Passengers shouldn't throw away their tickets as inspectors may check these during the journey.

27. They invited Jack but they didn't invite Tom.

28. The guests ate all the sandwiches and drank all the beer. They left nothing.

29. Has someone posted my parcel?

30. Why did no one inform me of the change of plan?

31. Tom Smith wrote the book and Brown and Co. published it.

32. We shall have to tow the car to the garage.

33. I'm afraid we have sold all our copies but we have ordered more.

34. We will prosecute trespassers.

35. Someone stole my car and abandoned it fifteen miles away. He had removed the radio but done no other damage.

36. You must keep dogs on leads in the gardens.

4. Make the sentences passive.

1. They haven't stamped the letter.

2. They didn't pay me for the work; they expected me to do it for nothing.

3. He escaped when they were moving him from one prison to another.

4. She didn't introduce me to her mother.

5. A frightful crash wakened me at 4 a.m.

6. When they have widened this street the roar of the traffic will keep residents awake all night.

7. They threw away the rubbish.

8. A Japanese firm makes these television sets.

9. An earthquake destroyed the town.

10. A machine could do this much more easily.

11. Visitors must leave umbrellas and sticks in the cloakroom.

12. We ask tenants not to play their radios loudly after midnight.

13. We can't repair your clock.

14. We cannot exchange articles which customers have bought during the sale. (Articles . . .)

15. We have to pick the fruit very early in the morning; otherwise we can't get it to the market in time.

16. The police shouldn't allow people to park there.

17. They are watching my house.

18. The examiner will read the passage three times.

19. Candidates may not use dictionaries.

20. You need not type this letter.

21. This used to be number 13, but now I see that someone has crossed out '13' and written '12A' underneath.

22. You mustn't move this man; he is too ill. You'll have to leave him here.

23. They searched his house and found a number of stolen articles.

24. Nobody has used this room for ages.

25. They took him for a Frenchman, his French was so good.

26. You should have taken those books back to the library.

27. They brought the children up in Italy.

28. They have taken down the For Sale notice, so I suppose they have sold the house.

29. Someone broke into his house and stole a lot of his things.

30. We have warned you.

31. A lorry knocked him down.

32. They returned my keys to me; someone had picked them up in the street.

33. We had to give the books back; they did not allow us to take them home.

34. You shouldn't leave these documents on the desk. You should lock them up.

35. They handed round coffee and biscuits.

36. They have tried other people's schemes. Why have they never tried my scheme?

5. In this exercise most of the sentences contain a verb + preposition/adverb combination. The preposition or adverb must be retained when the combination is put into the passive. In most of the sentences it is not necessary to mention the agent.

1. The government has called out troops.

2. Fog held up the trains. (agent required)

3. You are to leave this here. Someone will call for it later on.

4. We called in the police.

5. They didn't look after the children properly.

6. They are flying in reinforcements.

7. Then they called up men of 28.

8. Everyone looked up to him. (agent required)

9. All the ministers will see him off at the airport. (agent required)

10. He hasn't slept in his bed.

11. We can build on more rooms.

12. They threw him out.

13. They will have to adopt a different attitude.

14. He's a dangerous maniac. They ought to lock him up.

15. Her story didn't take them in. (agent required)

16. Burglars broke into the house.

17. The manufacturers are giving away small plastic toys with each packet of cereal.

18. They took down the notice.

19. They frown on smoking here.

20. After the government had spent a million pounds on the scheme they decided that it was impracticable and gave it up. (Make only the first and last verbs passive.)

21. When I returned I found that they had towed my car away. I asked why they had done this and they told me that it was because I had parked it under a No Parking sign. (four passives)

22. People must hand in their weapons.

23. The crowd shouted him down.

24. People often take him for his brother.

25. No one has taken out the cork.

26. The film company were to have used the pool for aquatic displays, but now they have changed their minds about it and are filling it in. I (Make the first and last verbs passive).

27. This college is already full. We are turning away students the whole time.

28. You will have to pull down this skyscraper as you have not complied with the town planning regulations.

6. Complete the text with the verbs from the box in the passive form.

►build (past simple)	3. buy (past simple)
1. own (present simple) 2. use (past continuous)	4. not look (past perfect) 5. do (present perfect) 6. use (present simple)

The building at the end of the High Street is Barford Hall, which (►) was built in 1827. Today the Hall (1)______ by Bardale Council. It (2)__________ as a warehouse when it (3)_______by the Council in 1952, and it (4)_____after very well. Since then a lot of work (5)__________ on it, and these days the Hall (6)__________ as an arts centre.

7.Laura is writing to a friend. This is part of her letter.

Someone broke into our house at the weekend. The burglar took some jewellery. But luckily he didn't do any damage. A very nice young police officer interviewed me. Detectives found some fingerprints, and the police computer identified the burglar. Police have arrested a man and are questioning him. But they haven't found the jewellery.

Complete the dialogue. Use by if it is necessary to mention the agent.

Laura: Our house (►) was broken into at the weekend.

Melanie: Oh no!

Laura: Some jewellery (1)_______.But luckily no damage (2)____________

Melanie: Did the police come and see you?

Laura: Yes, they did. I (3)____________

Melanie: I don't suppose they know who did it.

Laura: Well, amazingly they do. Some (4)______ and the 5)_____A man (6)_________ and (7)__________

Melanie: Wonderful.

Laura: There's only one problem. The (8)________

7.5. TEST

Test A

Rewrite these sentences beginning with the underlined words.

►Thieves robbed a woman. A woman was robbed.

1. They may ban the film. ________

2. They offered Nancy a pay increase. __________

3. We need to correct the mistakes. __________

4. Someone reported that the situation was under control. ____________

5. They are testing the new drug. ______________

6. We haven't used the machine for ages._____________

Test В

Read the story and write the missing words. Use one word only in each space.

During periods of terrorist activity by the IRA, people in Britain are always (►) being warned to look out for bombs. Any bag or parcel without an owner (1)___________ seen as a risk to the public. Some time ago a cardboard box was found at the entrance to Bristol Zoo one day. It was noticed (2)____________ a visitor and reported to the director. Clearly, if it was a bomb and it went off, people might (3)_____________ killed. So army bomb experts (4)_______________ called in, and the box was safely blown up in a controlled explosion. Soon afterwards (5)_____________ was reported that the box had (6)_____________ left there by a boy wanting to find a new home for his pet rat. He was tired of the rat, he explained, but he was unwilling to (7) _______ it put to sleep by a vet, so he left it in a box outside the zoo. The director of the zoo is thought (8)_______________ be unenthusiastic about looking after people's unwanted pets. No one knows what the rat thought about (9)______________ blown up.

Test C

Write a second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. Use the word in brackets.

►We have to test these products. (be) These products have to be tested.

1. Pavarotti sang the song. (by)

2. Nigel's passport was stolen. (had)

3. They pay doctors a lot of money. (are)

4. I hope they'll interview me for the job. (to)

5 Someone was cleaning the floor. (being)

6. A mechanic is repairing Judy's car. (having)

7. Tessa lost her way. (got)

8. Everyone agreed that the plan should go ahead. (it)

9. When did they decorate your kitchen? (get)

10. They say exercise is good for you. (be)

Test D

Which of the two sentences follows on best?

►There's going to be a big art exhibition.

a) ٱ A lot of visitors will be attracted to it. b) ٱ It will attract a lot of visitors.

1 Our neighbours have got a cat and a dog.

a) A lot of mice are caught by the cat. b) ٱ The cat catches a lot of mice.

2 Last night Martin dreamt he saw his dead grandmother.

a) A white dress was being worn by the ghost. b) ٱ The ghost was wearing a white dress.

3 We've bought a new computer.

a) It can do the job much more quickly. b) ٱ The job can be done much more quickly.

4 My grandfather is very ill.

a) He's being looked after in the local hospital. b) ٱ The local hospital is looking after him.

5 We've completed the experiment.

a) The newspapers will publish the results. b) ٱ The results will be published in the newspapers.

Test E

Each of these sentences is incorrect. Write the correct sentence.

► Those nice glasses got break.

Those nice glasses got broken.

1. The story was written Agatha Christie.

2. Baseball do play at this stadium.

3. This shirt needs iron.

4. I got cut my hair yesterday.

5. It believes that there is going to be a war.

6. My parents divorce themselves last year.

7. I've got a report to be written.

8. To the winner was given a prize.

9. This man on TV supposes to be the tallest person in the world.

KEYS