Заметьте:

Глаголы с двумя дополнениями могут образовывать страдательные конструкции двумя способами

ACTIVE	PASSIVE
They gave the winner a prize. They gave a prize to the winner.	The winner was given a prize. A prize was given to the winner.

Мы выбираем ту конструкцию, которая лучше подходит к данной ситуации.

Предпочтительна структура с одушевленным существительным в роли подлежащего.

10. Change the structure.

1. Nothing was sent to me. I was sent nothing.

2. Papers were brought to us to sign.

3. A clock was given to Henry when he retired.

4. Stories were read to the children.

5. £5,000 is owed to me.

6. A new job has been offered to me.

7. French is taught to us by Mrs Lee.

8. A car has been lent to me for the week.

9. A full explanation was promised to us.

10. A lot of lies were told to me by the secretary.

11. Complete the text with expressions from the box.

had been given	had been told	had never been taught
was given (twice)	was offered	was promised
was sent	was shown	wasn't being paid

I'll never forget my first day at that office. I 1 to arrive at 8.30, but when I got there the whole place seemed to be empty. I didn't know what to do, because I 2 no information about the building or where I was going to work, so I just waited around until some of the secretaries began to turn up. Finally I 3 a dirty little office on the fifth floor, where I 4 a desk in a corner. Nothing happened for an hour; then I 5 some letters to type on a computer by one of the senior secretaries. This wasn't very successful, because I 6 how to use a computer. (In the letter I 7 when I 8 the job, I 9 computer training, but they'd obviously forgotten about this.) By lunchtime things hadn't got any better, and I decided that I 10 enough to put up with this nonsense, so I walked out and didn't go back.

0. 7.3. Употребление видо-временных форм

1. В страдательном залоге

Видо-временные формы в страдательном залоге употребляются аналогично видо-временным формам в действительном залоге.

He is reading a book now. The book is being read now.

В обоих предложениях действие происходит в момент речи, поэтому употребляется Present Continuous.

1. Put the verbs in brackets in the required voice and tense form. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. Chinese (speak) in Singapore. 2. The Taj Mahal (build) around 1640. 3. The new hospital (open) next year. 4. She (interview) now. 5. I realised I (follow). 6. (you invite) to Andy's party? 7. He found that all his money (steal).

8. These computers (make) in Korea. 9. Passengers (ask) not to speak to the driver. 10. Sorry about the noise - the road (mend). 11. The village church (burn down) last year. 12. A Roman pavement (just find) under Oxford Street.

2. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense and form. Some of the verbs should be in the passive and some in the active. Write the answers in the spaces provided below the text.

More cars and lorries are being driven¹ (drive) on our roads every year and, sadly, as a result of this, more and more wild animals ²______(kill) by vehicles. Roads often ³______ (cross) the routes that⁴______ (take) by animals when they are migrating, breeding or feeding.

Every spring, many thousands of toads ⁵______ (kill) as they ⁶______ (make) their way to the traditional breeding ponds. All over the world, animals are victims of the road and their dead remains can ⁷______ (often see) lying on the roadside. Many badgers and hedgehogs ⁸______ (hit) by cars at night as they ⁹______ (move around) in search of food. Rabbits sometimes seem to "'______ (hypnotize) by the headlights of cars and "______ (not move) quickly out of the way. Birds ^u______ (sometimes hit) too as they "______ (fly) low over roads. ¹⁴______ (can anything do) to protect these animals from the dangers of the road? Well, in 1969, a toad tunnel¹⁵______ (build) in Switzerland and was a great success. Since then, other tunnels ¹⁶______ (construct) elsewhere in Europe, not just for toads but for badgers and salamanders too. In Florida, where the rare Florida panther ¹⁷______ (live), panther tunnels ¹⁸______ (build) under the highway and fencing ¹⁹______ (put up) beside the highway to guide the animals safely into these underpasses. Road signs warning drivers to ²⁰______ (look out) for particular animals ²¹______(often see) in the US and it is to ²²______ (hope) that they ²³______ (become) a more common sight on the roads of Europe.

• Если в действительном залоге имеется сочетание

глагол + предлог + дополнение (например: write to him), то при переводе в

страдательный залог предлог остается после глагола.

Деист. I must write to him. Я должен написать ему.

залог

Страд. Не must be written to. Ему нужно написать.

залог

• Сочетания глагол + предлог например: to look after) или

глагол + наречие (например: to throw away) при переводе в страдательный залог остаются неизменными, т. е. предлог также остается после глагола.

Деист. залог	She looked after the sick man well.	Она ухаживала за больным хорошо.
Страд. залог	The sick man was well looked after.	За больным хорошо ухаживали.