Тема 4. Units 1-6. Consonants

What should we do to pronounce the sound /p/?

First press the tip of our tongue on the upper gum ridge to stop the flow of air. Then quickly drop the tongue tip to produce the sound with a strong puff of air. Our vocal cords do not vibrate.

*Press our lips together to stop the flow of air. Then open our lips and produce the sound with a strong puff of air. The vocal cords do not vibrate.

Raise the tip of the tongue towards the upper gum ridge but do not touch it. The tip of our tongue should not touch anything. Then press the sides of our tongue against the upper back teeth. Lips are slightly open. As we make the sound, air flows out over the tip of our tongue. The vocal cords vibrate.

First press our lips together to stop the flow of air. Then open our lips and produce the sound with a strong puff of air. The vocal cords vibrate.

What sound does this articulation refer to? This sound belongs to stops. First you press your lips together, to stop the flow of air. Then you open your lips and produce the sound. The vocal cords should vibrate. You use a strong puff of air to make this sound.

/p/

/g/

/d/

*/b/

What is it necessary to do to pronounce the sound /b/?

*Press our lips together to stop the flow of air. Then open our lips and produce the sound with a strong puff of air. The vocal cords vibrate.

First press the tip of our tongue on the upper gum ridge to stop the flow of air. Then quickly drop the tongue tip to produce the sound with a strong puff of air. Our vocal cords vibrate.

Raise the tip of the tongue towards the upper gum ridge but do not touch it. The tip of our tongue should not touch anything. Then press the sides of our tongue against the upper back teeth. Lips are slightly open. As we make the sound, air flows out over the tip of our tongue. The vocal cords vibrate.

First press our lips together to stop the flow of air. Then open our lips and produce the sound with a strong puff of air. The vocal cords do not vibrate.

What sound does this articulation refer to? This sound is one of the plosives.

First press the tip of your tongue on your upper gum ridge, to stop the flow of air. Then quickly drop the tongue tip to produce the sound with a strong puff of air. Your vocal cords do not vibrate.

*/t/

/k/

/g/

/d/

What should we do to pronounce the sound /t/?

Press the tip of our tongue on the upper gum ridge to stop the flow of air. Then quickly drop the tongue tip to produce the sound with a strong puff of air. Our vocal cords vibrate.

Press the back part of the tongue to the back of the roof of our mouth. This stops the flow of air. Then quickly lower the back of our tongue. Produce the sound with a strong puff of air. The vocal cords do not vibrate.

Raise the tip of the tongue towards the upper gum ridge but do not touch it. The tip of our tongue should not touch anything. Then press the sides of our tongue against the upper back teeth. Lips are slightly open. As we make the sound, air flows out over the tip of our tongue. The vocal cords vibrate.

*First press the tip of our tongue on the upper gum ridge to stop the flow of air. Then quickly drop the tongue tip to produce the sound with a strong puff of air. Our vocal cords do not vibrate.

What sound is produced according to this articulatory recommendation? It’s a plosive sound.

First press your tongue tip on your upper gum ridge, to stop the flow of air. Then drop your tongue tip and produce the sound with a puff of air. Your vocal cords should vibrate.

/k/

/t/

/g/

*/d/

What should be done for the correct pronunciation of the sound /d/?

Raise the tip of the tongue towards the upper gum ridge but do not touch it. The tip of our tongue should not touch anything. Then press the sides of our tongue against the upper back teeth. Lips are slightly open. As we make the sound, air flows out over the tip of our tongue. The vocal cords vibrate.

First press the back part of our tongue to the back of the roof of the mouth. This stops the flow of air. Then quickly lower the back of the tongue. Produce the sound with a puff of air. Our vocal cords should vibrate.

*First press the tip of our tongue on the upper gum ridge to stop the flow of air. Then quickly drop the tongue tip to produce the sound with a strong puff of air. Our vocal cords vibrate.

Press the tip of our tongue on the upper gum ridge to stop the flow of air. Then quickly drop the tongue tip to produce the sound with a strong puff of air. Our vocal cords do not vibrate.

What sound is produced according to this articulatory recommendation? This is a velar sound.

First press the back part of your tongue to the back of the roof of your mouth. This stops the flow of air. Then quickly lower the back of your tongue. Produce the sound with a strong puff of air. Your vocal cords do not vibrate.

/d/

/b/

*/k/

/g/

What should be done for the correct pronunciation of the sound /k/?

Press the back part of our tongue to the back of the roof of the mouth. This stops the flow of air. Then quickly lower the back of the tongue. Produce the sound with a puff of air. Our vocal cords should vibrate.

*Press the back part of the tongue to the back of the roof of our mouth. This stops the flow of air. Then quickly lower the back of our tongue. Produce the sound with a strong puff of air. The vocal cords do not vibrate.

Rest the tip of the tongue, lightly, against our bottom teeth. Raise the center part of our tongue toward the roof of the mouth, but do not touch it. Press the sides of the tongue against our top teeth. Produce the sound by letting air flow over the tongue. Your vocal cords shouldn’t vibrate.

Raise the tip of the tongue towards the upper gum ridge but do not touch it. The tip of our tongue should not touch anything. Then press the sides of our tongue against the upper back teeth. Lips are slightly open. As we make the sound, air flows out over the tip of our tongue. The vocal cords vibrate.

What sound does this articulation refer to? This sound is one of the velars. First you press the back part of your tongue to the back of the roof of your mouth. This stops the flow of air. Then you quickly lower the back of your tongue. The sound is produced with a puff of air. The vocal cords vibrate.

/p/

/d/

*/g/

/k/

What is it necessary to do to pronounce the sound /g/?

* The back part of the tongue should be pressed to the back of the roof of the mouth. This stops the flow of air. Then it’s necessary to lower the back of the tongue quickly. The sound is produced with a puff of air. The vocal cords should vibrate.

We raise the tip of the tongue towards the upper gum ridge but do not touch it. The tip of our tongue should not touch anything. Then it is necessary to press the sides of our tongue against the upper back teeth. Lips are slightly open. As we make the sound, air flows out over the tip of our tongue. The vocal cords vibrate.

The tip of our tongue should be placed against the lower gum ridge. We raise the back of the tongue so that it presses against the roof of the mouth. This stops the air from flowing out of the mouth. The sound is produced by letting air flow out through the nose.

We should press the back part of the tongue to the back of the roof of our mouth. This stops the flow of air. Then the back of our tongue is lowered quickly. We produce the sound with a strong puff of air. The vocal cords do not vibrate.

How is the ending –ed pronounced?

/d/ after all vowel sounds and after all voiced consonants except /d/ and voiceless sounds /s/, /z/, /S/, and /Z/;

/t/ after all voiceless consonants;

/Id/ after /t/, and /d/.

*/d/ after all vowel sounds and after all voiced consonants except /d/;

/t/ after all voiceless consonants except /t/;

/Id/ after /t/, and /d/.

/d/ after all vowel sounds and after all voiced consonants except /d/;

/t/ after all voiceless consonants;

/Id/ after /d/.

/d/ after all vowel sounds and after all voiced consonants except /d/, /z/, and /Z/;

/t/ after all voiceless consonants except /t/, /s/, and /S/;

/Id/ after /t/, and /d/.

What letters represent the sound /p/ in spelling?

*p, pp

p, pp, ps

p, ps

p, pp, pb

Choose the letters that represent the sound /b/ in spelling.

*b, bb

b, bb, mb

b, mb

b, bb, bt

What letters is the /t/ sound spelled with?

t, tt, th

t, th

*t, tt

t, tt, st

What letters is the /d/ sound spelled with?

d, dd, dw

*d, dd

d, dd, dk

d, dd, dw, dk

What letters represent the sound /g/ in spelling?

g, gu

gg, gu

g, gg, gu, gh

*g, gg, gu

Choose a set of words in which every word has the sound /t/.

department, whistle, attend, destiny, printer, certainly, late

*turtle, Thames, interface, winter, certainly, Thomas, twenty

sweater, Tommy, ballet, elevator, attend, certainly, matter

castle, winter, Thomas, target, department, struck, yesterday

Choose a set of words in which every word has the sound /p/.

surprise, raspberry, uphill, plastic, expensive, envelope, put

uphill, surprise, cupboard, envelope, happy, plastic, except

*stamp, happy, surprise, accept, preposition, except, experience

happy, pretend, expert, receipt, expectation, powder, private

Choose the correct transcription of the word surprise.

*/sqr′praIz/

/s6′praIs/

/ser′praIz/

/sqr′praIs/

Choose the correct transcription of the word psychiatrist.

/psI'hIqtrIst/

/'saIkIqtrIst/

/'psIhaItrIst/

*/saI'kaIqtrIst/

What’s the transcription of the word executive?

/′egzqkjqtIv/

/eg′zekj4tIv/

*/Ig′zekjqtIv/

/Ig′zJkqtIv/

What’s the transcription of the word mosquito?

/mq′skJtq/

*/mq′skJt34/

/mq′skItq/

/′mRskIt34/

What letters represent the sound /ks/ in spelling?

*cc before i or y; x at the end of a word; x before c or any other unvoiced consonant

cc before i or e; x at the end or beginning of a word; x before g or any other unvoiced consonant

cc before e or i; x at the end of a word; x before d or any other voiced consonant

cc before y or i; x at the beginning of a word; x before k or any other voiced consonant

What is it necessary to do to pronounce the sound /k/?

*Press the back part of the tongue to the soft palate. Then quickly lower the tongue and pronounce the sound with a strong puff of air. The vocal cords don’t vibrate.

Press the front part of the tongue to the soft palate. Then slowly lower the tongue and pronounce the sound with a strong puff of air. The vocal cords vibrate.

Press the back part of the tongue to the soft palate. Then slowly lower the tongue and pronounce the sound with a light puff of air. The vocal cords don’t vibrate.

Press the front part of the tongue to the soft palate. Then quickly lower the tongue and pronounce the sound with a light puff of air. The vocal cords vibrate.

What is the spelling of /kwIt/?

quite

quiet

*quit

cute

What is the division of consonants according to the degree of noise?

*They are divided into noise and sonorants.

They are divided into voiced and unvoiced.

They are divided into stops and continuants.

They are divided into glides, fricatives, glides, affricates and plosives.

In what they are noise consonants made?

*They are made with noise prevailing over tone.

They are made with tone prevailing over noise.

They are made with noise prevailing over vibration.

They are made with tone prevailing over vibration.

In what they are sonorants made?

They are made with noise prevailing over tone.

*They are made with tone prevailing over noise.

They are made with noise prevailing over vibration.

They are made with tone prevailing over vibration.

Identify a group of bilabial sounds?

*/p/, /b/, /w/, /m/

/p/, /b/, /w/

/p/, /b/

/p/, /b/, /w/, /f/, /v/

Choose a set of voiced sounds.

*/m/, /v/, /N/, /D/, /z/, /Z/, /r/

/d/, /g/, /w/, /v/, /T/, /l/, /z/

/d/, /g/, /w/, /v/, /7/, /l/, /z/

/m/, /v/, /N/, /D/, /s/, /Z/, /r/

Choose a set of voiced sounds.

*/b/, /d/, /8/, /z/, /l/, /n/, /r/

/8/, /k/, /w/, /z/, /g/, /w/, /r/

/t/, /d/, /Z/, /z/, /g/, /w/, /r/

/d/, /g/, /w/, /v/, /T/, /l/, /z/

Choose the correct transcription of the word comb.

/k@:mb/

/k@:m/

*/k34m/

/k34mb/

Choose the correct transcription of the word climb.

/klImb/

/klIm/

/klaImb/

*/klaIm/

What is the transcription of the word Thames?

*/temz/

/Temz/

/t1mz/

/T1mz/

Choose a set of words in which every word has a silent letter.

corps, island, debt, ballet, understand, listen, castle

*psychology, receipt, handkerchief, knight, mortgage, doubt, island

castle, often, climb, twenty, listen, ballet, handsome

restaurant, sandwich, bomb, Wednesday, knit, know, mustn’t

Choose a set of words in which every word has a silent letter.

*thumb, sword, muscle, subtle, knock, whistle, knitted

lamb, whistle, lamp, thumb, knowledge, pneumonia, debt

lamb, corps, bombing, Wednesday, interview, know, listen

listen, climber, debt, Christmas, lamb, succeed, written