Inconsistent advice about a new husband!

1 On no account should 2 Not only should he be allowed to give his opinions, 3 Under no circumstances is he to 4 Only by constantly nagging will he be 5 Only after weeks of rigorous training will he 6 Rarely will a man respond to a request the first time unless 7 No way should his laundry be done for him unless 8 Only very rarely should a garment be ironed for him 9 In exceptional circumstances 10 But, only if he seems really desperate

a learn how to switch on the vacuum cleaner. b should you try to solve his problems for him. c without the assurance that next time he will do it himself. d you may take what he says seriously, e it is in his own interests to do so. f he is prepared to lend a hand with the washing up. g be disturbed while watching a football match on television. h persuaded to pick his clothes off the floor, i he should also be deluded into thinking you agree with him. j you let him realise he isn't the boss.

Part II

SIMPLE SENTENCE

For Class Discussion.

1. Structural classification of simple sentences:

• One-member and two-member sentences;

• Complete and elliptical sentences;

• Extended (expanded) and unextended sentences;

• The main sentence parts (the subject and the predicate, their types); secondary sentence parts.

2. The model of immediate constituents.

3. Simple sentence: paradigmatic structure.

• The surface and deep structures of the sentence (Kernel sentences. Kinds of kernels. Kernels versus derived sentences.);

• Base pattern and transformation;

• Six major classes of transformational procedures.

Reference List:

1. Blokh M.Y. A course in Theoretical English Grammar. – M.: Vysshaya Shkola, 2000. – pp. 261-282.

2. Blokh M.Y., Semionova T.N., Timofeyeva S.V. Theoretical English Grammar. Seminars. – M.: Vysshaya Shkola, 2004. – pp. 309-358.

3. Иванова И.П., Бурлакова В.В., Почепцов Г.Г. Теоретическая грамматика современного английского языка: Учебник. – М.: Высшая школа, 1981. – с. 183-230, 238-250.

4. Veikhman g.A. A new look at English syntax. – м.: Изд. Астрель, 2002. – с. 181-220.

Practice Assignments.

1. Comment on the terms.

Axes of sentence Elementary sentence Sentence model Sentence-root Base sentence Detachments Adverbials

Predicative line Transformation Principals Adjuncts Complements Apposition Predicative load

2. State the structural type of the sentences.

1. “Who is poor in love? No one.”

2. “A woman like me is ageless.” (Maugham)

3. She intended to come on Sunday. But never did. (Lawrence).

4. You spoiled everything. But perhaps he wouldn’t. (Hemingway)

5. Something was stirring in the depth of her subconscious. A happy anticipation – a recognition. Measles. Yes, measles. Something to do with measles. (Christie)

6. Not a soul in sight. Very quiet. (Priestley)

7. Waves. Small sounds as of soft complaint. Cedars. Deep-blue sky. He was suddenly aware of a faint but all-penetrating sense of loss. (Fitzgerald)

8. “You swine. Don’t you see what a position I’m in? ” (Maugham)

9. “You put the detectives on. I want to know the truth.” “I won’t, George.” (Maugham)

10. “Do you live in Paris?” “For the moment.” (Fitzgerald)Define the classificational properties of the following word groups.

3. Define the type of the subject and the predicate of the following sentences.

1. It was a cold autumn weather.

2. There was a pause. (Lawrence)

3. I’m going to take some railway journeys. (Christie)

4. At any instant the blow might crash into her. (Lawrence)

5. He stood motionless and emotionless while they walked on.

6. We’ve been married for 35 years, my dear. It’s too long. (Maugham)

7. Tomorrow is the examination. (Doyle)

8. The train began to slow down. (Christie)

9. The coincidence was considered to be extraordinary.

10. The house must be lived in, but now, at the moment, it was empty. (Christie)

11. The house looked quite different from this side. (Christie)

12. It was rather dark inside. (Christie)

13. Mrs. Albert Forrester began to be discouraged. (Maugham)

14. That poor, friendless boy lies dead and unburied under the open sky.

15. I could never hope to please the masses. (Maugham)

4. Pick out from your home-reading material instances of different types of predicates. Comment on the way the functional significance of the verb affects upon the type of the predicate.

5. Replace the complex sentences by simple ones combining the predicates into a compound predicate of double orientation.

Example: It appears that the summit has left a deep impression on the public. – : The summit appears to have left a deep impression on the public.

1. We expect that the report will be published shortly.

2. It is hardly likely that John will listen to me on any subject.

3. It is more likely that a masterpiece will come as the culminating point of a laborious career.

4. People presume the recommendations are radical.

5. It appeared that they had little understanding.

6. It appeared that he had lost the thread of his remark.

7. The rumour is that some members are unhappy.

8. Everybody considers that the chairman is an expert.

6. Complete each sentence in such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the sentence printed before it. Comment on the predicates.

1. In my opinion, exercise is a waste of time.

I consider .......................................................................

2. Retreat was the only option open to the troops.

The troops were ............................................................

3. For their new chairman, the committee chose a relatively inexperienced candidate.

The committee opted ..................................................

4. My next-door neighbour is looking after the house while I’m away.

I’ve arranged .................................................................

5. I get the impression that she didn’t understand exactly what is required of her.

She doesn’t seem ...........................................................

6. Most people think Pacino is one of the finest actors of his generation.

Pacino ..........................................................................

7. He requested the judge to take into account his good behaviour.

He asked the judge for .................................................

8. I can’t imagine why anyone would want to go on a camping holiday.

Nothing would induce .................................................

7. Analyse subjects, predicates and secondary parts in the following extract.

The morning was still dark. A dull, yellow light broaded over the houses and the river; and the sky seemed to be descending. It was slushy underfoot, and only streams and patches of snow lay white on the roofs, on the parapets of the quay and the area railings. The lamps were still burning red in the murky air and, across the river, the palace of the Four Courts stood out menacingly against the heavy sky. (J. Joyce)

8. Build the IC-model of the sentences.

Example: The concert on Tuesday night was better attended. (Joyce)

The analytical IC-diagram:

The	concert	on	Tuesday	night	was	better	attended
det	N	prep	N	N	Vaux	A	V
			NP
NP		NP				VP
NP					VP

1. The hand of fate was beckoning to her (Maugham).

2. For a moment his mind seemed to separate from his physical self (King).

3. His dark eyes deliberately avoided my face.

4. The Whistons’ kitchen was of fair size (Lawrence).

5. The little houses held about them the feeling of a bygone age (Maugham).

9. Perform transformation exercises on the following kernel-sentence structures.

1. She became a beauty.

2. He was upset.

3. They enter the office.

4. We played bridge.

5. We met at the club.

10. From your home-reading material pick up sentences which were derived from the following given kernels. Think of transformations performed.

List of kernels: a) NVN, NV, NVpN, NVNN, NVND.

b) N is A, N is D, N is N, N is pN.

11. Make up sentences on the basis of kernels listed below. Use adjectives in brackets as D-fillers. Mind their distribution in normal and emphatic word-order.

NVN + D (always, rapidly, accurately, carefully, never, attentively).

NV + D (recently, hard, ever, afterwards, soon, out)

N be A + D (never, lately, too, exactly, really, enough)

12. Trace the following transforms back to kernel sentences.

1. The idea was accepted by the company with enthusiasm.

2. Can John really go with us?

3. You seemed to be very shy!

4. He is expected to dance.

5. Wasn’t she marvelous?

6. The car has been bought by the boy.

7. Ready?

8. She could have seen us entering the room.

9. I do know him!

10. Doesn’t the room seem to be lovely?

13. Build up the constructional paradigm based on the two primary sentences.

Example: He was annoyed. His sister was at home.

1) As his sister was at home, he was annoyed.

2) His sister was at home, so he was annoyed.

3) He was annoyed because his sister was at home.

4) He was annoyed at his sister’s being at home.

5) He was annoyed at his sister’s presence at home.

6) His sister’s presence at home annoyed him.

1. We read about it in the newspaper. James Hooligan was acquitted.

2. There is Miss Sands here. She wants to see you.

3. I have a grandmother in New York. I must take care of her.

4. The girl grew up. She became quite a beauty.

5. He is my servant. He must obey me.

6. She saw them. They were entering the office.

7. We stayed a bit longer. Mike enjoyed it.

Part III