Midterm exam
Environmental management
Quiz questions
In Rio de Janeiro in June 1992 the United Nations Conference has adopted: “Protocol XXI”
The program of “Agenda XXI” aims at harmonious achievement of two goals: high quality of environment and healthy economy for all countries in the world
The concept of environmental management – is the system of key provisions that define the specific activities of the management of environmental processes.
Basic concepts of environmental management systems are based on the theories: Management and sustainable use of natural resources.
The subject of environmental management is: environmental economics (use of natural resources), organizational structure, environmental marketing, environmental policy, information, environment and corporate culture, motivation, interaction with the public and other components of the control system
At the heart, environmental management should be based on the principles of: eco-efficiency and eco-justice
Continual improvement - is: the development of environmental management system aimed at achieving the best results in all environmental aspects of the enterprise, where practicable, in accordance with its environmental policy.
The world's first standard for environmental management systems adopted In 1992
The main document series - ISO 14001 - doesn’t contain any "absolute" requirement to the effects of organization on the environment, except that the organization is in a special document must declare their desire to conform to national standards.
Organizational level of standards will provide a reduction in adverse impacts on the environment through: improving the environmental "behavior" of corporations;
The world's first standard for environmental management systems was prepared and released by British Institute of Standardization.
Sustainable development is a process of change in which the exploitation of natural resources, the direction of investments, the orientation of technological development and institutional changes are: consistent with the current and future needs.
The environmental management system as a part of an overall management system includes: organizational structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practical work, as well as procedures, processes and resources to develop, implement, evaluation of achieved progress and improvement of the environmental policies, goals and objectives.
Environmental management can be defined as a special control system, designed to: preserve the quality of the environment, ensuring regulatory and environmental parameters based on the concept of sustainable development.
Environmental management as a type of special management, is: a part of the overall management system
The “green” management – a system of economic management of the facility by adapting already existing infrastructure to meet national and international regulations, acts, rules in the field of resource saving and rational use of natural resources.
The system of ISO 14000 was developed based on standards BS 7750 and ISO 9000
The main subject of the ISO 14000 is environmental management system
ISO 14000 standards are «voluntary."
ISO 14000 standards supersede legal requirements, and provide a system of determining how the company affects the environment and how to comply with the requirements of legislation. No
The principles of sustainable development should be included in an environmental strategy for the development of enterprises and the state environmental policy at: long-term.
Based on the Concept of Transition of Kazakhstan to sustainable development, the benefits of environmentally significant business activities: must not be less than the damage caused by it
The biosphere - is: the outer cover of the Earth, which includes part of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and almost all the upper part of the lithosphere, inhabited by living organisms
The world's first standard for environmental management systems adopted In the UK
Environmental policy of the company - is: a set of core principles, intentions and obligations of the enterprise, creating a basis for developing their own environmental goals and objectives.
Types of Environmental Management ecologized (“green”) management and environmental management
What is the environmental engineering? implementation and application of EMS in practice based on the mechanisms of state environmental regulatory (MPC, SPZ, etc).
An environmental impact assessment is an assessment of the possible positive or negative impact that a proposed project may have on the environment, together consisting of the environmental, social and economic aspects.
The purpose of the EIA is: to ensure that decision makers consider the ensuing environmental impacts when deciding whether to proceed with a project.
The EIA process is thought to consist of six main components: basics; impact identification; description of the affected environment; prediction and assessment of impacts; selection of proposed action and documentation in accordance with extant guidelines
The reduction in adverse impacts on the environment at enterprise level is realized: Organizing - through the improvement of the ecological "behavior" of corporations.
The reduction in adverse impacts on the environment at country level is realized: National - through the creation of a substantial supplement to the national regulatory framework and a component of the state environmental policy;
The reduction in adverse impacts on the environment at international level is realized: through the improvement of international trade.
International network of certification authorities: IQNet
The scheme of Dr. Deming as basic principles of ISO 14001: Plan – Do – Check – Act
It is expected that the standard registration process for ISO 14000 standards series will take: from 12 to 18 months
EMAS logo function is to: indicate the reliability and credibility of information provided by an organization with regard to its environmental performance;
What are the costs of EMAS? external costs + registration fees + internal costs
EPE (Evaluation of environmental performance) – a continuing process of collecting and evaluating data and information to ensure ongoing evaluation of environmental performance and trends over time.
The structure of EPE indicators defines core and sub-indicators
The environmental performance indicators are classified into: Operational Indicators, Environmental Management Indicators, Management Related Indicators
Open questions:
Please, define the basic criteria of the Concept of Transition of Kazakhstan to sustainable development.
1. The benefits of ecologically important economic activity should not be less than the damage caused by it.
2. Environmental costs and benefits should have their value.
3. Environmental damage should be minimal, as it can reasonably be achieved taking into account economic and social factors.
4. Prevention of irreversible processes.
5. Restricting the use of renewable wealth level in order to ensure their sustainability and cost accounting; replace that wealth with the help of "offset projects".
6. Using the real "green" pricing.
The key areas of environmental policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan during the transition period.
• the achievement of a certain (critical) level of satisfaction of basic human needs, without which the motivation of economic activities cannot be changed;
• the availability of institutional structures, social strata and groups interested in preserving the environment, a strong and independent environmental movement;
• the development of effective environmental legislation, its implementation mechanisms;
• the accumulation of funds for implementation of national and regional environmental programs;
• the training of highly qualified experts in the field of environmental management.
Please, determine the main objectives and the basic principles of environmental management
The basic principles of environmental management
- Integration of environmental features;
- On-time solution to the problem;
- Responsibility for environmental impacts resulting from the decision-making at any level;
- The priority of solving environmental problems.
The main objectives of environmental management
- Organization of environmentally friendly production processes;
- To ensure the environmental compatibility of production;
- Prevention of adverse human impact on nature in the process of production, consumption and disposal of products;
- To provide maximum results with minimum damage to the environment;
- The transformation of environmental constraints in the growth opportunities of industrial activity;
- Updating products on the basis of demand and create "green" image of the company in the eyes of the public;
- Creation and implementation of low-waste technologies;
- Promotion of environmental initiatives that reduce costs and contribute to the growth of revenue.
Please, highlight the main points of Environmental legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan. What is Environmental Code of RoK.
1. Environmental legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan is based on the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan and consists of the Environmental Code and other normative legal acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
2. If an international agreement, ratified by the Republic of Kazakhstan, establishes other rules than those contained in the Environmental Code, the rules of international agreement are being applied.
3. In case of conflict between the Environmental Code and other laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan, containing the rules governing relations in the field of environmental protection, the articles of the Environmental Code are being applied.
4. Relations in the field of protection and exploitation of the environment and protected areas are governed by special laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the part, not regulated by the Environmental Code.
Environmental Code - a single legislative act, the main objective of which is to generalize and systematize all legal and regulatory framework, to raise the profile of environmental requirements and standards to the level of a legislative act of direct action to implement international standards in the practice of the environment.
Please, define the primary sources of atmospheric emissions from oil and gas operations
flaring, venting and purging gases;
• combustion processes such as diesel engines and gas turbines;
• fugitive gases from loading operations and tankage and losses from process equipment;
• airborne particulates from soil disturbance during construction and from vehicle traffic; and
• particulates from other burning sources, such as well testing.
Please, define the principal aqueous waste streams resulting from exploration and production operations
• produced water;
• drilling fluids, cuttings and well treatment chemicals;
• Process, wash and drainage water;
• Sewerage, sanitary and domestic wastes;
• Spills and leakage; and
• cooling water.
Please, define the potential impacts to soil resulting from exploration and production operations
• physical disturbance as a result of construction;
• contamination resulting from spillage and leakage or solid waste disposal; and
• indirect impact arising from opening access and social change.
Please, describe the main sources of adverse environmental impact in petroleum sector
Atmospheric impacts
The primary sources of atmospheric emissions from oil and gas operations arise from:
• flaring, venting and purging gases;
• combustion processes such as diesel engines and gas turbines;
• fugitive gases from loading operations and tankage and losses from process equipment;
• airborne particulates from soil disturbance during construction and from vehicle traffic; and
• particulates from other burning sources, such as well testing.
Aquatic impacts
The principal aqueous waste streams resulting from explo¬ration and production operations are:
• produced water;
• drilling fluids, cuttings and well treatment chemicals;
• process, wash and drainage water;
• sewerage, sanitary and domestic wastes;
• spills and leakage; and
• cooling water.
Terrestrial impacts
Potential impacts to soil arise from three basic sources:
• physical disturbance as a result of construction;
• contamination resulting from spillage and leakage or solid waste disposal; and
• indirect impact arising from opening access and social change.
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Please, describe the cycle of activity of the organization implementing the EMS
Please, provide the 19 step to implement the EMAS
P = plan
1. Defining the environmental policy
2. Identifying significant environmental impacts
3. Legal requirements
4. Defining objectives and targets to be achieved
5. Defining the environmental management program
D = do
6. Structure and responsibilities
7. Training, awareness and skills
8. Communication
9. EMS documentation
10. Documentation control
11. Operational control
12. Contingency planning and emergency plan
C = check
13. Monitoring and measurement
14. Non-conformance, corrective and preventive actions
15. Records
16. EMS internal audit
A = act
17. Management review
18. Public communication
19. Validation, verification and registration
Communicate
Please, describe/illustrate the scheme of EMS within ISO 14001
Please, provide the benefits of EMS/EMAS implementation
The most common benefits of EMAS implementation are:
On the one hand, reduced cost on inputs, namely in the purchasing process through minimizing materials, energy consumption, water consumption and other business. On the other hand, zero or negative value outputs such as: the disposal of wastes and effluents. These gains are not only visible in the industrial sector: service companies, universities, public administrations, sports facilities, and the whole range of organisations to which EMAS is applicable can benefit from a reduction of the consumption of energy and resources. Expenses for water, electricity, heating and office material and equipment can all decrease considerably with the introduction of EMAS, rising the margins of companies.
Risk minimization: reduced environmental risks can also become financial benefits coming from trust by shareholders, investors, insurance companies and financial institutions.
The establishment of an environmental management system usually uncovers potential room for improvements in efficiency with respect to the different activities of the organization.
Maintained and/or increased competitiveness by being able to satisfy the environmental management requirements of a growing number of customers.
A systematic approach to environmental management that will enhance all aspects of business management.
Improved ability to comply with environmental legislation.
The new EMAS logo and the verified environmental statement are proof of sound environmental management and concern for the general welfare of the community. As such, both tools raise the environmental profile of the organization and can be used in its marketing activities to improve relations with consumers, partners and other stakeholder. Improved trust can in turn lead to better relations with the regulating authorities.
The involvement of employees in the implementation of the environmental management scheme is likely to reinforce the identification of the staff with the company and increase their participation in the longterm development of the organization. A report by the European Partners for the Environment (EPE), based on interviews with EPE members, implementing companies, SMEs, competent bodies, standardization bodies and accredited environmental verifiers, outlined the benefits of EMAS considering the findings of those companies which have implemented EMAS.