Другой вариант:

An external consultant is a great opportunity for the company to find better way to salve the problem when is not possible to make it “in house”. To find a right kind of consultant or consultancy is a not simple. Today any firm can set itself up as a consultant ,hundred of people don’t even know how to buy consultancy. The question of a right consultant depends on the problem of the company who`s looking for a consultancy , the best way is to hire consultant from an old well known company who is providing consultancy for a long period of time and doing well.

The sequence of steps required when recruiting an external consultant to my mind supposed to be as followed; 1-define the problem 2 – analyze the market of consultancy 3 – find the best suitable for the situation required to be salved 4 – define terms and conditions , write a brief for the consultant 5 – negotiate with chosen one 6 recruit .

Disadvantages of hiring external consultants might be conclude in the point of the specialization. I mean when consultant is hired the main aim of this person of persons is to get the money. In most cases they don’t care about quality of their consultancy.

Consultants basically provide advice or a service to make your business more successful. Consultants usually help with a specific problem or task when your company simply doesn't have the know-how. For instance, a consultant might provide training. You might take on a consultant to improve overall managerial performance and they may also manage specialist projects.

It's really important to establish your objectives and goals. I often refer to the five principles of SMART. It stands for: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time-limited. The client then needs to set a timescale, a budget and a brief. Brief include a description of your organisation, what it does and its size and structure, an explanation of the problem and what you want to achieve. There are very much consultants, but you should choose one consultant that has experience of businesses of your size, that understands your industry, and that is, ideally, a member of a professional body like the Institute of Management Consultancy. Then you need to come up with a shortlist of, say, three consultants and ask them to submit written proposals.

Their understanding of the problem, any relevant experience of the consultancy firm, a work plan and schedule, the reports and any systems that will be supplied. Not forgetting, of course, the input that is going to be required by you. Then you have to agree on a written contract, describing both the work to be done and the conditions. A written contract should include objectives, a brief, how and for how long the consultancy will be managed, fees and, of course, the deliverables it is the consultant's report and or any systems required by the client.

Also there are one or two types: T&M contracts, which are for time and materials, or fixed-price contracts. The main difference lies in the risk factor; the risk of running over in cost. With a fixed-price contract, the consultant assumes most risk, whereas in a T&M contract, the client will assume most risk, but not all.

Next the important thing to remember is if you are not happy with any aspects of the proposal, don't take them on. It's important to make sure the chemistry is right.

19. Strategy and successful imitators. How important is it for a business or organization to formulate a strategy? How regularly should a company or organization’s strategy be reviewed and updated? Who should be involved in deciding a company’s strategy? If a company wants to enter new markets, what kind of strategies can it adopt? Zara is described as a successful imitator in the retail fashion business. What other “successful imitators” are popular in Russia? Speak about the companies that have ‘moved in the opposite direction’ (innovators). Is PSLU a truly innovative university? (Use the University website for the needed information).

Strategy - Strategy is a well defined roadmap of an organization. It defines the overall mission, vision and direction of an organization. The objective of a strategy is to maximize an organization’s strengths and to minimize the strengths of the competitors.

The topic of my presentation is about how important is the role of marketing when it comes to strategic management?

I think that marketing is important in the same way that finance is important or operational management is important. People in marketing and sales are the ones that are usually in touch with customers and are therefore often regarded as the ones that understand the market. And that brings with it both big advantages and, serious problems, especially when your, your industry is being reinvented by some newcomer, like, for instance, Zara.( Zara - the leading retail network of companies Inditex, owned by Spanish tycoon Amancio Ortega, who also owns brands such asMassimoDutti, Pull and Bear, Oysho, Uterqüe, Stradivarius and Zara Bershka.Uspeh company in Spain led Inditex to the international market in the late 80 -x. They opened their first overseas store in 1988 in Porto, Portugal. The following year, Inditexmoved into the United States. But success in the market can not be predicted - the beginning of 2000 the company opened only 6 stores in the United States. Much more appropriate market for the Zara format, the company was France, where they entered in 1990. The company quickly began to open more new outlets in major cities across the country.)Basically, if, before Zara existed, you had asked companies like Gap (Gap - an American company that owns the world's largest network of shops selling odezhdy.mpaniya founded in 1969 by Donaldand Doris Fisher, the first store was opened in the theater building on Ocean Avenue near the University of San Francisco and soldLevi's jeans and audio . By the 1972-73 year the number of stores over 25, and Gap began to open shops outside of California.Since 1974 the company began selling products under its own brand.

In 1983, Gap has acquired the brand Banana Republic (formerly the company traded in the catalogs), and in 1994 launched a newbrand Old Navy.)or Marks and Spencer (Marks and Spencer specializes in selling clothing and luxury foods. M & S was founded in 1884 by Michael Marks and SpencerThomas in Leeds.

In 1998 she became the first British retailer to make a profit before tax of more than 1 billion pounds, although a few years later, she plunged into a crisis that lasted several years. In November 2009 it was announced that Mark Bolland, formerly Morrisons, will take over as chief executive with the Executive Chairman Stuart Rose at the beginning of 2010, Rose was a non-executive chairman roleuntil he was replaced by Robert Swannell In January 2011,). Zara decided not to do that, they decided to have no seasons and they chose to be a fast copier, a fast market follower - and to do that, by the way, you have to have your factories very close to the stores, and Zara's stores are mostly in Europe. This means you have to produce in Europe, which is not necessarily cheap. You cannot produce in large amounts in, in China and, er, ship them to Europe because that takes six months. So, you have to produce them nearby at low costs and in short runs, as cheaply as you can. Because you have to promote your collection, you have to make sure that you've designed in the Zara or Benetton style(Benetton Group SpA - Group of Companies, as well as one of the brands of the fashion industry, the main office is located inTreviso, Italy. The name derives from the surname of the founder of the company and registered in 1965). The point is that Zara decided not to be a Benetton-like company, but to be a follower

At least every person should be somehow involved into deciding company`s strategy. Each ling of management and production, of course the main idea goes from the “first” faces of the organization but the details must be created on the place where new ideas are going to be apply.

If a company wants to enter new markets new strategy is a chance to the future. Of course new market its new rivals and new terms and conditions of work, demands restructuring old strategy adopting it or creating new one. Zara is a bright example of strategy imitation in retail fashion business together with Bershka and Stradivarius. Today these companies have great popularity among yang buyers of glamour and not expensive clothes making growth more active.

Talking about PSLU we cant say that it is fully innovative university. Innovation it s not an idea, its already created new way of production or service in our case, because studying is a kind of service.Pslu has great ideas and strategies but there are not made in real. Look at the surrounding here in university, every year we talking about new ways of studying new kinds of teaching but still use old patterns. Innovation means making better the quality of education but as we can see quality is going down.

To formulate a strategy is one of the biggest and most important steps for the business. Its not an innovation or fashion its necessity of our days. Strategy of the company supposed to be reviewed every day, because we are living in a rapidly changing world and missing one day sometimes means loosing a lot of potential income.

20. Brainstorming and creativity. Albert Einstein’s quote on creativity. When are you most creative? Late at night?First thing in the morning? Working with a group of people or on your own? Which of these statements do you agree with most/least? Why? (On the example of PSLU)

- The management in an organization should be responsible for coming up with new ideas;

- The typical work environment is not conducive to being creative;

- Whenever we have brainstorming meetings, any interesting ideas are usually dismissed by some of the more cynical team members. Brainstorming tips and the seven principles of Koinonia.

1. Definition of «brainstorming» and «creativity»

BRAINSTORMING – a way of developing new ideas and solving problems by having a meeting where everyone makes suggestions and these are discussed.

CREATIVITY – relating to the work of producing advertisements at an advertising agency, rather than management of the agency.

2. Albert Einstein’s quote on creativity. “If at first the idea is not absurd, there is no hope for it”. "Если на первый взгляд идея не абсурдна, то она безнадежна"

3. Brainstorming tips and the seven principles of Koinonia.

1. a) think of as many ideas as possible

b) there should not be more than 8 or 10 people

c) write down all ideas, however absurd

d) don’t spend too long discussing any one item

e) be enthusiastic and uncritical of other people’s contributions

f) clearly define the problem or task

g) study and evaluate ideas after the session

2. a) Establish dialogue

b) Exchange ideas

c) Don’t argue

d) Don’t interrupt

e) Listen carefully

f) Clarify your thinking

e) Be honest

21. Mission statements. Four criteria for writing mission statements. The mission statement of: 1) PSLU, 2) the Higher School of Political Administration and Innovative Management, 3) the Chair of Business English (Contact the chair of Business English for the English versions of these documents). Do you think they meet the four criteria? What changes in the aforesaid mission statements would you like to introduce?

Mission: Why you do what you do; the organisation's reason for being, its purpose. Says what, in the end, you want to be remembered for. Changing the mission - or creating an organisation's first mission statement - is a process of gathering ideas and suggestions for the mission and honing them into a short, sharply focused phrase that meets specific criteria. Peter Drucker says the mission should 'fit on a T-shirt', yet a mission statement is not a slogan. It is a precise statement of purpose. Words should be chosen for their meaning rather than beauty, for clarity over cleverness. The best mission statements are plain speech with no technical jargon and no adornments. Like the mission statement of the International Red Cross - To serve the most vulnerable' - they come right out and say something. In their brevity and simplicity is power.

PSLU Mission Statement

By continuously developing its innovative potential and competitive advantages, by increasingly integrating into the world educational and scientific space, to implement /play/ the role of the "University opening the world" as an advanced scientific, training, educational and peace-making centre, the centre of many flowers of languages and cultures, ensuring the generation of the new globally significant knowledge and the graduation of the unique cadre (trained/skilled personnel/staff) with the extensive command (to have a command of English - владетьязыком) of foreign languages and a high level of professional and social competence and thereby improving the international prestige of the Russian higher school and enhancing its export resource.

The Mission Statement of the Higher School of Political Administration and Innovative Management: the training of the high-skilled, creatively thinking, innovatively acting, socially responsible leaders in the field of state, public and business management, possessing globally significant special and key social and communicative competences through the support and development of the creative, educational and research environment fostering the development and realization of the potential of PSLU as a creative innovative university, as the "University opening the world".

Chair of Business English Mission Statement

The chair's mission statement uses the language such as "Our personal conduct will reflect the highest professional standards".

The Chair of Business English believes that a diverse group of highly skilled people in an organizational culture which enables them to apply their collective talents to shared objectives spelled out in the University's Mission Statement and its innovative program "Profi - Soci - Lingua" gives the greatest value to customers (students) and teachers alike.

The Chair's inclusive culture fosters unique thinking in the context of teamwork and common professional goals.

The chair endeavors to provide a flexible, supportive work environment that acknowledges students as partners in the teaching- learning process and cultivates programs that help students and teachers balance their commitment to meeting their academic needs with their personal, extra-curriculum, family, and community responsibilities.

22. Doing business online. Successes and failures in e-business.The dot-com crash in 2000. The 3 types of Internet advertising used. The form of advertising most popular with companies.Products and services selling well on the Internet and why.Internet security.Measures taken by governments and companies to stop so-called ‘cyber crime’.The benefits to a company doing business online.The benefits to a customer shopping online.Onlineshopping VS. therealthing.

Introduction - …

Let me tell you few words about doing business online. My presentation consists of 6 parts:

1 – Definitions

2 - Successes and failures in e-business, the dot-com crash in 2000

3 - Internet advertising

4 - Products and services selling well on the Internet

5 - The benefits to a company doing business online. The benefits to a customer shopping online

6 - Conclusion

I’d like to start with definitions:

Business – the production, buying and selling of goods or services in order to make a profit

Advertising – the act or practice of calling public attention to one's product, service, need, etc., especially by paid announcements in newspapers and magazines, over radio or television, on billboards, etc.

Product – Something produced by human or mechanical effort or by a natural process

Service – An act or a variety of work done for others, especially for pay

Benefit – Something that promotes or enhances well-being; an advantage

Let me mention briefly the main points of my presentation. Cyberspace is increasingly the location of choice for many retailers. A huge number of retailers have some kind of presence on the Internet, but e-tail customers are more demanding, less forgiving and more fickle. Price is important, but probably not as important as delivery or customer service. It’s very important to think about stock and availability.

The dot-com crash in 2000:

As for Internet advertising, there are 3 tipes:

1 – pop-up ad

2 – banner

3 – e-mail

Products and services selling well on the Internet – things that you don’t need to physically touch (books, music, tickets, travelling). Clothing tends to be difficult because people would like to feel the fabric, try it on.

As for benefits for companeys, doing business online, first of all, its lower charges, big ammount of potential clients. Benefits to a customer shopping online, lower prices, delivery service, a wide range of products.

Coming to the conclusion, I’d like to tell you, that in future e-commerce will prosper, but only if all difficulties with delivery, bad customer service and so on will be overcomed.

Doing business online. Websites you use frequently. Rate them for usability (content, navigation, overall design and effectiveness of the website). Give a video presentation of the project: PSLU’s website in the light of strict critical scrutiny. Ways of improving its website (the deliverables and recommendations required for the project).

a. Analysis of the online customer experience: usability, navigation, content and copy-writing;

b. Recommendations for more effective web design;

c. Recommendations for a more effective customer-experience strategy;

d. Feedback;

e. Executive summary (background to the project), key findings, recommendations for redesign, description of deliverables, e.g. relaunch of website.

Business – Commercial, industrial, or professional dealings

Website - a connected group of pages on the World Wide Web regarded as a single entity, usually maintained by one person or organization and devoted to a single topic or several closely related topics.

Websites I use frequently - ….

I would like to make a few remarks concerning : PGLU's website. Firstly, I would like to analyze the online customer experience usability, navigation, content. Then I’ll talk about recommendations for more effective web design and customer-experience strategy. The first thing you notice is illegible, and promiscuity site, which occurs because of too small fonts and low contrast font colors and background. Another drawback of the site is a large amount of text. The home page is no information about the institution. I think that it is possible to use the image of our university as a background of the web site. Home page should provide users with a summary of the university and its sphere of activity. This summary should contain a hyperlink to the relevant sections of the site, describing in depth each of the activities.

Furthermore, it should reduce the number of stories on the home page. Home page should not contain absolutely no short stories, essays and other texts of the volume. The text on the home page should be concise, clear, comprehensible and catchy. For detailed descriptions, there are internal pages. The following recommendation is minimization of vertical scrolling. Try to put all the contents of the home page on one screen.

23. New business. Would you like to run your own business? If you wanted to start your own business what sector(s) would most interest you? Could you start a business around a hobby that you’re passionate about? According to some business experts, to be a start-up entrepreneur you need to have huge self-confidence. You also have to be willing to risk your capital and, to an extent, your career. Do you agree with this view? What other qualities might you need? What sort of barriers might exist specifically for women starting a new business? The main types of businesses that attract women entrepreneurs in Russia. Are they the same as those in the UK, the USA? The two main problems for both men and women starting their own business.

1 – Definition – Business – the production, buying, and selling of goods or services for profit.

2 – my future business

3 – personal qualities for entrepreneur

4 – barriers for women

5 – barriers for both

6 – sectors for women

Everyone, it seems, wants to run their own business, and I’m not the exception. To my mind, to start a business around a hobby that you are passionate about – it’s the best variant. Such sectors, as hotels and catering, tourism and leisure can be interesting for me…

An entrepreneur’s personal qualities are just as important as their ideas. They must have basic business skills or acquire them via personal development or hiring. He also have to be willing to risk his capital – every new idea can be unsuccessful. He have to be innovative, because innovation – whether in the form of a new product type, production method or marketing medium – is a temporary source of market power.

For women, starting a new business, we can see some specific barriers:

1 – assets to finance

2 – assets to network

3 – confidence

4 – skills gap

5 –adopting technology

Barriers for both (men and women):

1 –underestimating how much money they are going to need

2 – underestimate how long it’s going to take until that revenue steam starts coming in.

Sectors for women:

Health-care area, alternative medicines, alternative therapies, personal care, training and personal development.+ retail in Russia

24. Project management. What makes a good project team?

1. A good project manager…

2. For decisions to be reached in a project team…

3. In terms of timing, a successful project…

4. The biggest problems for a project team are…

The jobs that you think are the most difficult and thankless and which ones that you think are the most enjoyable and rewarding. Give your reasons. Is the job of a project manger on the list? Howdoyourateit?

1 - Definition: Project – an important and carefully planned piece of work that will create something new or improve situation

- Project manager – a person responsible for a particular piece of work that will create something new or improve a situation

2 - Today the topic of my presentation is project management. Firstly I would like to give the definitions of project management and project manager. Secondly I would like to tell you some words about a good project team. The next issue I would like to focus on is the most difficult and thankless jobs. Then I would like to make a few remarks concerning the most enjoyable and rewarding jobs. Finally, I would like to tell you some words about the job of a project manager.

Project is an important and carefully planed piece of work that will create something new or improve a situation.

Project management is a methodical approach to planning and guiding project processes from start to finish.

Project manager is a person or organization responsible for a particular piece of work that will create something new or improve a situation.

I think a good project manager is a good leader. It is very important to have very good interpersonal skills, to be very good at communicating, motivating people, coordinating all their efforts. The project leader isn’t the boss of the team, He or she should discuss issues with everyone on the team and then make decisions with them. In addition, a good project manager should be good at multi-tasking. He or she should develop a team spirit. Should remember that majority rule is efficient system. Sometimes a project may run over schedule. It is important to understand the reasons for the lag of the schedule.

some common threads

woven into the personalities of successful PMs:

Love of their work … and embracing the challenges

Clear vision … and communicating this vision

Strong team building skills…and setting positive tones

Structure and alignment…creating the environment and direction

Strong interpersonal skills…listening to and leading their teams

Discipline…completing each phase of the project properly

Communication skills…knowing when and to whom to communicate

I would like to comment on the most difficult and thankless jobs. Some of the most thankless jobs are the most important ones. They are the ones that would be missed the most, if they were taken away. The most difficult and thankless jobs are a janitor, a garbage man, a nurse and some others. Janitors walk the hallways of public places, hardly ever noticed let alone thanked. But in reality, they are the silent heroes whose work makes our lives sanitary and bearable. They do the dirty work no one wants to do or even think about.

Now I would like to make a few remarks concerning the most enjoyable and rewarding jobs. As for teachers, I think this profession is revered, but it requires great patience and perseverance. Teaching is not necessarily an easy thing. But most teachers have at least one story of connecting with a student, and the job satisfaction that comes with knowing they've helped someone. Also professions such as an estate agent, a travel agent, an architect are very enjoyable and rewarding jobs.

The next issue I would like to focus on is the job of a project manager. Project manager is a very difficult and thankless job. Being a PM is a tough role. PMs may get responsibility for completing a job they didn't start. A lot of bad decisions could have been made that PMs will have to live with. The role of a project manager has its share of challenges; one of the most important of these challenges is to keep the project running smoothly. This involves excellent team management, leadership and motivational skills. The fact is, project manager is probably the most difficult job in the firm to do well for any number of reasons.

25. Project management. To what extent do you agree that the higher education system doesn’t turn out competent project managers? How could projects be the most exciting work of companies? Research claims that people only consistently perform at high levels when they are appreciated at least once every seven days. Do you agree? Why (not)? Project work at PSLU as part of academic tuition. How effective is it? Is project work and project management among PSLU’s top priorities? Why?

Today the topic of my presentation is project management. Firstly I would like to give the definition of project management. Secondly I would like to make a few remarks concerning the problem that the higher education system doesn’t turn out competent project managers. Finally, I would like to focus on project work at PSLU as part of academic tuition.

Project is an important and carefully planed piece of work that will create something new or improve a situation. Project management is a methodical approach to planning and guiding project processes from start to finish.

In modern conditions the project activity is a complex multi-level process. The successful management of projects is a science that has been practiced over the years by the best project managers. The higher education system doesn't turn out project managers. This is the big issue. Architects, engineers, and planners are not being prepared for the role they play as project managers. Technical expertise is no replacement for communication skills, relating to others, and solving complex problems. And so often projects require all three at once in the form of collaboration.

I think, if firms want projects to be the most exciting work, they should make the project manager job easier, adjust policies and systems to suit their tasks and challenges, ask the projects managers what dissatisfies them and try to change the situation for the better.

The next issue I would like to focus on is project work at PSLU as part of academic tuition. PSLU tries to be creative innovative university and it’s not possible without the development of project work.

Since 2008, the university carries out its own complex innovative program "Profi-social LINGUA" covering more than 50 different innovation projects: administrative, educational, scientific, research and production, export-oriented, aimed at promoting the achievements of Russian higher education for abroad. PSLU has well-developed infrastructure of innovation and design activities. In recent years, PSLU opened new units such as clusters of Education, Science and Innovation, Centre for intellectual property management, technology transfer and commercialization of scientific developments, Salon Innovation, Management of Innovation and Technology Entrepreneurship, Innovation Zone.

In my opinion, the university has chosen the right direction for future development and now PSLU is at the beginning of the innovative way of development. It is very important that new ideas are not only constantly born, but ideas are transformed into real practice, technology, products and services.

26. Project management. Describe different aspects of your own culture. Type of misunderstandings and conflicts that could arise if you were working with a multicultural team.Tips for working with multinational teams.PSLU’s multicultural academic environment. Positive and negative perceptions students from other cultures might have about the university’s corporate culture. Speak from your own experience. What’s your own impression of the university’s corporate culture? Would you like to improve it?

Knowledge of Russian business culture help you to interact more effectively with Russian clients and colleagues. In Russian business culture respecting seniority is essential. In business meetings one should not do very much small talk, but rather go straight to the point. Still, it should be remembered that in Russian business culture personal and informal relationships are very important, so one should take part in discussing about for example art, music, dance and literature. Although many principal concerns are discussed in an informal environment final negotiations will be conducted in the office. The Russian company structure is very hieratical, and the people at the leading positions of companies make the final decisions.

Even though the Russian party of negotiation may come to the meetings a few minutes late, to the other party it is the best to arrive in time.