
- •2. Build up your vocabulary:
- •3. Find out the words below in the text and detect what word is odd in each of the following sets:
- •4. Work with you partner, compile your own sentences with some of the following words and expressions and then read them to your partner to translate:
- •5. Make up statements matching phrases from column a with phrases from column b. Then translate the acquired sentences:
- •6. Analyze the forms of verb “to be” in the table below and:
- •7. Give short affirmative and negative answers to the following questions according to the model:
- •8. Translate into English:
- •9. Saying numbers in English:
- •Let me introduce myself
- •14. Build up your vocabulary:
- •15. Let’s speak on: a) answer the following questions and be ready to tell your groupmates about yourself:
- •To express your opinion
- •To agree with somebody
- •To disagree with somebody
- •17. Render into English:
- •Unit 2 Modern definitions of economics
- •1. Add these words and expressions to your active vocabulary. They will help you to understand the text ‘Modern definitions of economics’.
- •2. Read and render the text: Modern definitions of economics
- •3. Build up your vocabulary:
- •4. Find the answers to the following questions in the text:
- •5. Find in the text and: a) give Russian equivalent to the following expressions and make up your own sentences with some of them:
- •6. Work with you partner, compile your own sentences with some of the following words and expressions and then read them to your partner to translate:
- •7. Give English equivalents to the following words and expressions from the text:
- •8. Analyze the forms of verb “to have” in the table below:
- •9. Analyze the forms of “there is/are” construction in the table below:
- •10. Ask the questions to the following statements, then answer them according to the models.
- •11. Read the text “My University” and say how many Institutes are there: My University
- •12. Build up your vocabulary:
- •17. Render into English:
- •Unit 3 History review
- •1. Add these words and expressions to your active vocabulary. They will help you to understand the text below.
- •2. Read and render the text; match each part to the headings bellow. Give a title to the text as a whole:
- •3. Find Russian equivalents to the following words and expressions in the text (paragraphs a – d):
- •4. Test yourself, match expressions on the left with their translations on the right:
- •5. Work with you partner, compile your own sentences with some of the following words and expressions and then read them to your partner to translate:
- •6. Find English equivalents to the following words and expressions in the text (paragraphs e – h):
- •7. Read the following terms and explain their meaning in English:
- •8. Review the Structure of English sentence. Analyze the table below:
- •9. Review the structure of the Interrogative sentences. What types of Interrogative sentences do you know?
- •10. Answer the questions. Write the numbers in full:
- •11. Read the text “My working day” and say: How many classes a day does Irina usually have? My working day
- •12. Build up your vocabulary:
- •13. Let’s speak on: Answer the questions below and tell about your usual working day.
- •14. Surf the Internet: An unforgettable weekend in New York
- •16. Render into English:
5. Work with you partner, compile your own sentences with some of the following words and expressions and then read them to your partner to translate:
assert, application, classic account, comprehensive study, decrease, contribution, economic force, emphasis, employment, governmental regulation, increase, the means of, significant, statistical data, social life, necessity, on the basis of, population growth, value, government interference
6. Find English equivalents to the following words and expressions in the text (paragraphs e – h):
E. изобилие; применение; утверждать, заявлять; классические методы; определять; значительная или неотъемлемая ценность; предельная полезность; потребность в чем-либо; понятие; усовершенствовать, улучшать; относительная редкость, нехватка;
F. производственный цикл; классическая концепция; трудоустройство; свободная экономика; усилия правительства; проценты; модификация, изменения; открыть (возможность), предоставить (условия); непосредственно вкладывать в; разнообразие инвестиций; метод подпитки государственным обеспечением; неуравновешенный бюдже;
G. вклад; экономика роста и развития; акцент; быть известным/примечательным за что-либо;
H. сложные математические методы; понижать, снижать; эконометрика; экономическое прогнозирование; целостная экономическая система; за последние годы; повышать, увеличивать; основная сфера/область; наблюдать, следить; удовлетворение; раздельный; статистические данные.
7. Read the following terms and explain their meaning in English:
welfare economics; iron law of wages; division of labor; the dismal science; laissez-faire; private property; the basic economic force; competition; economic forecasting; macroeconomics; microeconomics
8. Review the Structure of English sentence. Analyze the table below:
Subject |
Predicate |
Object |
Adverbial Modifier |
||||
Non prepositional indirect |
Direct |
Prepositional indirect |
Course of action |
Place |
Time |
||
Who What
|
What do/be |
Whom |
Who, what (objective) |
What/who about, with, for, etc. |
How, in what manner |
Where |
When |
Note: Sentences fall into four general groups – declarative, imperative, interrogative and exclamatory. (see Appendix) Every English sentence must have a subject and a predicate. A declarative sentence states facts or opinions:
- The class discussed a very important problem yesterday.
The English sentence has a fixed word order. The predicate is the core of sentence structure (simple or compound) and content. The subject of Declarative sentence precedes the predicate and the object that follows it. The Attribute is a subordinate part of the sentence. It usually name or describe a noun and does not have a fixed position in a sentence. It usually takes any place where a noun is in a sentence.
a) read and analyze the sentences below. Find the predicates in each sentence and characterize their tense and aspect.
1. Our students will recognize the economic basis of social life. 2. The medieval period was marked by the disruption of the flourishing commerce of the ancient world. 3. Classical economics reached its fullest expression at the end of the 19th century. 4. The most important modification of classical concepts of the free economy is the work of John Maynard Keynes. 5. A principal result of Keynes's teaching has been reflected in governmental attempts to control the business cycle by putting money directly into the economy. 6. Business should follow freely the "natural laws" of economics without government interference. 7. Wages tend to stabilize at the subsistence level. 8. At the same time as Marx was writing, the principles of classical economics were being reformulated and refined. 9. John Stuart Mill was a follower of Ricardo. 10. Microeconomics observes the workings of the market on an individual or group within an economic system.
b) make up sentences from the following words:
1. is, best, She, friend, my
2. learn, different, students, Our, subjects
3. the, is, Russia, in, country, the, largest, world
4. not, My, umbrella, is, old, beautiful, very
5. canteen, There, a lot of, at, students, aren’t, the
6. acquaintance, has, flat, a comfortable, Their
7. my University, from, Many, graduated, people, famous
8. two, have, to, I, want, children
9. in, the, We, city, live, a, flat, in, of, center, the
10. gave, a book, my brother, yesterday, I