54. The types of the predicate and the ways of its realization. Problems

Predicate (Latin praedicatum - said) in logic and linguistics - predicate judgment, that speaks (approved or denied) on the subject. The predicate is a subject of a predicative relation and shows the presence (absence) of a character subject. n linguistics, also speak of the syntactic and semantic predicates. Syntactic predicate - is an element of the surface structure, verb, object. Semantic predicate is the same - the core of the semantic structure (configuration), that is the design that displays the extralinguistic situation, its nuclear semanteme . Predicates can belong to the following semantic types taxonomy - classify the object, such as "This is an animal - a cat";

Relational - indicates the ratio of the object to the other. Example: "Abraham - the father of Isaac";

characterize - indicates the permanent, temporary, dynamic, and so on signs signs of the object.

Characterizing the semantic type is so common that can be subjected to further classification. For example, evaluation, localization in time and space, causation, and so on, with opportunities for further, more subtle classification.For example, "Bear in the north" - predicate localization, "The climate in the north of severe" - the evaluation predicate, "garden, black with tall lime" (K. Paustovsky, the story "Rainy Dawn") - causation, more precisely - the cause. "The cat - broad", "harsh climate of the nort In the proposition 'white cat jumped on the table, "the subject is" white cat ", and (binary) predicate -" jumped on the table

55.The types of the predicate and the ways of its realization.

An object type is a user-defined composite datatype that encapsulates a data structure along with the functions and procedures needed to manipulate the data. The variables that form the data structure are called attributes. The functions and procedures that characterize the behavior of the object type are called methods. A special kind of method called the constructor creates a new instance of the object type and fills in its attributes. Object types must be created through SQL and stored in an Oracle database, where they can be shared by many programs. When you define an object type using the CREATE TYPE statement, you create an abstract template for some real-world object. The template specifies the attributes and behaviors the object needs in the application environment. The data structure formed by the set of attributes is public (visible to client programs). However, well-behaved programs do not manipulate it directly. Instead, they use the set of methods provided, so that the data is kept in a proper state.

56. The types of attribute and the ways of its realization

Simple and Composite Attribute

Simple attribute that consist of a single atomic value. A composite attribute is an attribute that can be further subdivided. For example the attribute ADDRESS can be subdivided into street, city, state, and zip code. A simple attribute cannot be subdivided. For example the attributes age, sex etc are simple attributes.

Simple Attribute: Attribute that consist of a single atomic value. Example: Salary, age etc

Composite Attribute  : Attribute value not atomic. Example :   Address  :  ‘House_no:City:State                   Name      :  ‘First Name: Middle Name: Last Name’ 

Single Valued and Multi Valued attribute

A single valued attribute can have only a single value. For example a person can have only one 'date of birth', 'age' etc. That is a single valued attributes can have only single value. But it can be simple or composite attribute.That is 'date of birth' is a composite attribute , 'age' is a simple attribute. But both are single valued attributes.

Multivalued attributes can have multiple values. For instance a person may have multiple phone numbers,multiple degrees etc.Multivalued attributes are shown by a double line connecting to the entity in the ER diagram.

Single Valued Attribute: Attribute that hold a single value Example1: Age Exampe2: City Example3:Customer id

Multi Valued Attribute: Attribute that hold multiple values. Example1: A customer can have multiple phone numbers, email id's etc Example2: A person may have several college degrees

Stored and Derived Attributes

The value for the derived attribute is derived from the stored attribute. For example 'Date of birth' of a person is a stored attribute. The value for the attribute 'AGE' can be derived by subtracting the 'Date of Birth'(DOB) from the current date. Stored attribute supplies a value to the related attribute.

Stored Attribute: An attribute that supplies a value to the related attribute. Example: Date of Birth

Derived Attribute: An attribute that’s value is derived from a stored attribute. Example : age, and it’s value is derived from the stored attribute Date of Birth.

Complex Attribute

A complex attribute that is both composite and multi valued.