- •2. Speak on the Inherent Categories of the English Noun (number)
- •3. Speak on the Inherent Categories of the English (gender )
- •5. Speak on the differencialed plural according to Otto Jespersen
- •6. Speak on: o. Jespersens theory of three ranks
- •7. Speak on: the classification of words into groups according to Henry Sweet
- •8. Speak on the parts of speech classification on the line of Traditional grammar
- •9. Speak on The interface of Morphology with other Linguistic modules
- •12. The General characteristics of the functional parts of speech (adverb prepositions interjection)
- •13. The Parsing of the English Noun.
- •14.The parsing of the English verb
- •15.The category of Tense of the English verb.
- •16. The problem of the Future Tense.
- •17.The Inherent category of mood in English
- •18.The sunjunctive mood in English
- •19.Free and bound morphemes
- •21.The parsing of the English verb
- •23.Speak on: Classification of Morphemes according to m.Y.Blokh p.P. 27-37
- •24. The Grammatical classes of the word.
- •25. Classification of morphemes according to l. Bloomfield.
- •26. Сlassification of morphemes according to the structure.
- •27. Haplology :support your answer with examples
- •28. Speak on The difference between Morphemes, Morphs and Allomorphs.(examples)
- •30 Speak on Is Morphology necessary? What are the properties of Morphology that set it apart from Syntax?
- •31) The object of Syntax
- •33)The classification of the simple sentences according to the structure
- •34)The classification of the simple sentences according to the purpose of utterance (Declaration,Interroga tise,Imperetive, Exclamative and their types)
- •35.Ways of forming guestions in the English language
- •36.Elementary structures in English and their peculiarities
- •37. Otto Jespersen grammatical studies of Phrase structure
- •38.M.Y.Blokh`s theory of English phrases
- •39.The paradigmatic structure of Simple Santences
- •40.Speak on: the problem of the imperative sentence (directives)
- •Imperatives with a subject
- •41.The major and minor elements of the english sentence „
- •42.The complex sentence: types of clauses problems
- •44.The role of conjunctions in forming the composite sentence.
- •45.The types of conjunctions according to Halliday m.A.K.
- •46. Elliptical construction and the problems.
- •47. The problem of the number of principal and secondary parts of the sentences.
- •49. The head-first-head last approach to the phrase structure.
- •50. Marked and unmarked forms of English grammar.
- •51. The system of polarity: support the theory with examples.
- •52. Semantic scope of negation.
- •53.The role of preposition in combining words into sentences.
- •54. The types of the predicate and the ways of its realization. Problems
- •55.The types of the predicate and the ways of its realization.
- •56. The types of attribute and the ways of its realization
- •57. The Rank scale.
- •58. The transactional and interactional functions of a language.
- •59) Extended and unextended sentences in modern English
- •60)The schematic of the English sentence.
40.Speak on: the problem of the imperative sentence (directives)
Directives typically take the form of an imperative sentence.
The imperative sentence generally has no overt grammatical subject,
It has either a main verb in the base form, or less commonly an auxiliary in the base form followed by the appropriate form of the verb
Jump
V
Open the door
V DO
Get inside
V Adv
Give me a digital watch for my birthday.
V IO DO
Don’t be sad
Aux V Adv
Imperatives are restricted to predications that allow for a dynamic interpretation, hence the incongruity of
*Need a car
*Be old
Predications that allow for a dynamic interpretation are normally those whose
verb can be turn into a progressive form:
walk I am walking
Special notes on imperatives
Many predications that are stative with respect to disallowing the progressive present a dynamic interpretation for imperatives:
Forgive us.
Be early.
Be glad that you escaped without injury.
Be is mostly restricted to negative imperatives:
Don’t be sad.
?Be reassured by me.
In contrast, get is very commonly used (with a passive meaning)
Get ready Get known Get introduced
Get dressed Don’t get misled by their promises Get lost
Imperatives with a subject
The meaning of a directive implies that the omitted subject is the 2nd person pronoun you. This is demonstrated by the occurrence of a tag question following the imperative:
Be quiet, will you?
Or by the use of yourself or yourselves:
Behave yourself, but
*Behave myself.
Pragmatically, directives with you or related forms are conducive. Directives with you may imply:
admonition
strong irritation
merely insistence
may express persuasiveness.
You be QUIET!
You show me what to DO.
Don’t you open the door.
Insertion of you may also be used to show contrast:
Don’t tell ME to be quiet. YOU be quiet!
Third person subjects are also possible:
No one open the door.
Somebody open this door.
Parents with children go to the front.
First person imperatives are also possible:
Let me think what to do next.
Let us work hard.
Let’s not say anything about it/ Let’s don’t say…..
41.The major and minor elements of the english sentence „
Major: formed according to rules, generative
‰ clauses: must have a verb, usually has a subject
‰ phrases: group of words that do not form a clause
„ Minor: formed irregularly, learned by rote, fall
into certain common functional categories: vocatives, responses, interjections,exclamations, greetings and other social formulae sayings, prover etc.Major: These constitute the vast majority of sentence and are essentially sentences which can be broken down into a predictable pattern of elements or building blocks. In the language of grammar we call these 'patterns of elements' clauses. Sentences which only contain one pattern of elements is said to be a simple sentencewhereas sentences which contain more than one clause are said to be multiple or complex sentences. Minor Sentences. Minor sentences are not constructed in a regular way. They use unusual and abnormal patterns which cannot be clearly analysed into a sequence of clause elements in the same way that major sentences can. There are only a few minor setence types but we find them all the time in conversation and when conversations are represented in fiction, or in signs and notices, headlines, websites and similar settings where a message has been represented as what Crystal calls a 'block' . Minor sentences do not obey the same grammatical rules as major sentences which is why appear so odd when we analyse them. Examples include componets of conversation such as 'hello', and 'how do you do?', or emotional or functional noises such as 'Ow!', 'Ugh!', 'Shh!' and 'Eh?' as well as proverbs and sayings like 'easy come, easy go,' and words and phrases used as exclamations, questions, and commands, such as 'nice day!, Taxi?, and All aboard!' A major sentence is a regular sentence; it has a subject and a predicate. For example: "I have a ball." In this sentence one can change the persons: "We have a ball." However, a minor sentence is an irregular type of sentence. It does not contain a finite verb. For example, "Mary!" "Yes." "Coffee." etc. Other examples of minor sentences are headings (e.g. the heading of this entry), stereotyped expressions ("Hello!"), emotional expressions ("Wow!"), proverbs, etc. This can also include nominal sentences like "The more, the merrier". These do not contain verbs in order to intensify the meaning around the nouns and are normally found in poetry and catchphrases.
Sentences that comprise a single word are called word sentences, and the words themselves sentence words.