- •Пензенский государственный университет economics
- •Пенза 2005
- •Glossary
- •Introduction
- •Exercises
- •Text 2 Entrepreneurs
- •Exercises
- •Text 3 The Elements of Risks
- •Exercises
- •Discussion
- •Unit II. Small-scale business Glossary
- •1. Translate the following derivatives paying attention to the suffixes:
- •Text 1 The Sole Proprietorship
- •Exercises
- •Text 2 Limitations to the Size of Proprietorship (1)
- •Exercises
- •Text 3 Limitations to the Size of Proprietorship (2)
- •Exercises
- •Text 4 The Partnership
- •Exercises
- •Discussion
- •Unit III. Large-Scale Business Glossary
- •1. Choose several principles to arrange the words into groups.Translate the words:
- •Text 1 The Corporation
- •Exercises
- •3. Give derivatives of the following words and translate them:
- •Text 2. Organization of the Corporation
- •Exercises
- •3. Give derivatives of the following words and translate them:
- •Text 3. Organization of the Corporation II
- •Exercises
- •Unit IV. Securities and the Organization of the Corporation Glossary
- •Text 1. Organization of the Corporation III
- •Exercises
- •Text 2. Bonds
- •Exercises
- •Text 3. Leverage
- •Discussion
- •Unit V. Financial Aspects of Corporation Glossary
- •Text 1. Corporate Finance
- •Exercises
- •Text 2. The Securities and Exchange Commission
- •Exercises
- •Text 3. Concentration of Control
- •Exercises
- •Text 4. Management Control
- •Exercises
- •Discussion
- •Unit VI. Evaluating Performance of the Firm Glossary
- •Text 1 The Balance Sheet
- •Exercises
- •Text 2 The Income Statement
- •Exercises
- •Discussion
- •Unit VII. The Importance of the Corporation Glossary
- •Text 1 The Number of Corporations
- •The Size of Corporations
- •Exercises
- •Text 2 Size of Firm Vs. Size of Plant
- •Exercises
- •Text 3 Specialized Management
- •Exercises
- •Text 4 Other Reasons for Larger Firms
- •Exercises
- •Discussion
- •Review tasks
- •Literature
- •Contents
Exercises
1. Find the English equivalents in the text:
извлечь преимущество из, крупномасштабное производство, осуществлять централизованный контроль над, нести ответственность за, частное соглашение, устав, издавать устав, коммерческая деятельность, законодательство, интеграция материальных ценностей, технология массового производства, экономические преимущества.
2. Find the synonyms of the following words in the text:
undertaking, technique, to integrate, to support, liability, to found, to limit, important, growth, fast, concentration.
3. Give derivatives of the following words and translate them:
to produce, corporate, center, to agree, commerce, to organize, to develop, economy.
4. Give possible translations of the words:
design, pool, maintain, control, state, development, operation, issue.
5. Write definitions for the following notions:
corporation, to take advantage, large-scale production, to pool the wealth, private agreements, corporate charter, business organization, agglomeration of wealth, mass-production technology, efficient operation, economic advantages.
6. Answer the questions:
1. What form of enterprise is called a corporation?
2. What are the conditions of forming a corporation?
3. What is the status of the corporation charter?
4. What forms of business do corporations deal with?
5. What factors influence the growth of corporations?
7. Render into English:
Корпорация подразумевает объединение материальных ресурсов многих людей в едином предприятии. Корпорация должна иметь устав, изданный специальным законодательным актом штата. С развитием технологии массового производства и при концентрации большого капитала экономическая выгода корпораций очевидна.
Text 2. Organization of the Corporation
1. Translate the title and the subtitle of the text. How are they connected to ach other?
2. Read the text and put down the key-words.
3. Make up a plan of the text.
4. Find the sentences to compare corporations with small businesses.
5. Translate the text.
Stockholders. Since the corporate charter establishes the corporation as a legal entity distinct and separate from its owners, the corporation is said to be a legal person. That is, the firm itself is legally treated like a person, and can make contracts in its own name, and can sue and be sued like a real person.
The ownership of the corporation is divided into a specified number of shares of common stock, each share representing equal participation in the affairs of the firm. The owners of the company called common shareholders, or common stockholders, receive certificates of common stock or shares in proportion to their participation in the firm. A man who invests 10 percent of the total capital receives 10 percent of the common shares.
Each share entitles its holder to participate in the earnings of the firm in common with their shares. For example, when there are 100,000 shares, each share is entitled to one hundred-thousandth of any earning. Also, each share entitles the owner to one vote in the annual stockholders’ meeting.
By pooling together the individual contributions of a large number of stockholders (often hundreds of thousands), a corporation can accumulate immense amounts of capital. It is free of the size limitations of the proprietorship and the partnership, and can grow as the most efficient production technique requires.