The Passive Voice The formation of the Passive Voice

to be + Participle II

Study the table given below.

TENSE		ACTIVE	PASSIVE	NOTE: the action is done to the subject
Simple	Present Past Future	ask(s) asked will ask	a asked m is are w asked as were will be asked	He asks/ He is asked Он спрашивает/ Его спрашивают
Continuous	Present Past Future	a asking m is are w asking as were will be asking	a being asked m is are w being asked as were	He is asking/ He is being asked Он сейчас спрашивает/ Его сейчас спрашивают
Perfect	Present Past Future	h asking ave has had asked will have asked	h been asked ave has had been asked will have been asked	He has asked/ He has been asked Он уже спросил/ Его уже спросили

Modal Verbs

can/could may/might must/have to should/would needn’t

be done have been done

Task 11: Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the Passive voice. Make questions and negative statements.

1. Dangerous cargoes are carried in containers.

2. Scheduled services are being introduced now.

3. Their fleet of vehicles was increased last year.

4. The goods will be cleared at this terminal.

5. The French truck has just been loaded.

6. Russian trucks can be used on international routes.

7. The new model of truck will have been developed by 2012.

Task 12: Make sentences according to the model using the words given as prompts.

Model 1: When were the goods handled?

Prompts: this groupage cargo, the container, consignment No 19, this semi-trailer, the German trucks, the frozen chicken, etc.

Model 2: Where will the truck be sent?

Prompts: the order (to place), the spare parts (to deliver), the deal (to make), the colleague (to meet), the goods (to sell), the trucks (to buy), etc.

Model 3: The cargo has just been loaded, hasn't it?

Prompts: the ship (to discharge), the visit (to set up), the machines (to supply), the best prices (to offer), good after-sales service (to promise), etc.

Model 4: They are impressed by the range of our products.

Prompts: the after-sales service, the low prices, the high quality of the goods, the reliability of the machines, our approach to business, the warehouse equipment, etc.

Task 13: Make questions to which the following sentences may be answers.

1. Most cargo in Russia is transported by rail. (How?)

2. When you make a deal with foreign partners, you usually ask them to reduce the price which is offered. (What?)

3. The volume of cargo going through the Channel Tunnel will double over the next few years. (When?)

4. National railways in Europe will be privatised to meet the growing market requirements of the European Community. (Why?)

5. Western freight forwarders wanted to co-operate with Russian rail. (Who?)

6. Most wagons in Russian rail were replaced last year. (When?)

7. Up-to-date equipment has recently been installed at rail terminals in the Moscow region. (Where?)

8. When customers are invoiced, two copies of Invoice are usually written out. (How many?)

9. As a rule, good discounts are given to regular buyers. (Who?)

Task 14: Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Наши прицепы продаются во многих странах Азии по вполне конкурентоспособным ценам.

2. Вчера вам звонили несколько раз. Я просила перезвонить сегодня утром.

3. Запасные части будут поставлены к концу недели.

4. Если появится новый маршрут, перевозки продуктов увеличатся в 2 раза.

5. – Машину уже загрузили?

-Нет еще. Мне кажется, загрузку закончат только к вечеру.

6. Сколько груза обрабатывает ваш терминал?

7. Таможенная очистка груза производится на этом терминале, да?

8. Большинство товаров, которые импортировались в нашу страну, перевозились автомобильным транспортом.

9. Подвижной состав фирмы Truck & Trailer не будет использоваться на этом маршруте.

10. – Когда могут быть отправлены грузы по нашему заказу?

- Вы имеете в виду запасные части к полуприцепам? Их только что отправили.

Task 15: Put in the verbs using correct tense in the Active or Passive Voice.

1. When goods (to carry) from one place to another, they (to insure) with an insurance company.

2. As we (not to give a discount), we (to buy) trucks from Volvo last year.

3. The wagon (to discharge) at the moment. When Volvo trucks (to arrive) at the station?

4. Swiss railways (not to be able to carry) 4-metre high vehicles across Switzerland until the construction of the new tunnels (to complete).

5. What new freight service just (to introduce) by their company?

6. When they (to invoice) customers, GIF prices usually (to quote) as they (to have) forwarding agents throughout Europe.

7. A new terminal (to go into operation) last week but the volume of freight which we (to handle) (not to reduce).

8. A German-Austrian joint venture (to set up) recently to increase productivity and reduce costs.

9. Many transport and forwarding companies in Russia (to create) by private investors who realise the importance of intermodal traffic development.

10. Broken parts (to replace) as soon as we (to inform) of the breakage.

Task 16: Put in prepositions where necessary.

1. We have just introduced this service ____ the market and think we can raise productivity ____ 5%.

2. A big concession was made ____ the Buyers as we realise that their order was worth $ 1000 to our company.

3. If you quote _____ GIF prices, we think we'll be able to place a bigger order ____ you.

4. A new route will go ____ operation next month _____ addition ____ the shuttle service which was introduced ____ last year.

5. We'll give you a 10% discount ____ the price if you increase your order ____ 100 wagons.

6. The new hot box detectors were bought ____ the Italian manufacturers. They are ______ high quality and satisfy ______ the world standards.

7. We were invoiced _____ the amount of $ 1000 to be paid _____ the end ______ the month.

8. The company requires ______ 100 pallets ____ immediate delivery and 100 more ____ 3 months.

9. If you don't mind, this deal will be discussed ____ your manager ______ the 2nd ____ February.

10. — What's the purpose ______ your coming ____ Brussels?

— It's a business trip. I was invited________Sky Cargo Ltd.

Task 17: Put in articles or possessive pronouns where necessary. Get ready to discuss the text.

_______ Britain is ______ only state in __________ European Union which fully privatised _________rail service. ________other states, such as _________ Germany, ____________ Italy, ______ Sweden, and ___________ Netherlands have ________ state ownership of ________railways though there was ________ decision of ________ E.U. to create¹ _______ single competitive rail market in ________ Europe. _________ main competitor for _________ rail is _________ road transport but to attract freight away from _______roads ________ rail industry _______must invest in _______ new projects. Traditionally, __________British Rail Freight had left ________ investments in ________rolling stock² and _______terminals to _______ customers. However, ________ new business approach is to provide³ _________ wagons if and when _______ clients ask for them and to organise __________collection

and _______ delivery from ________rail head⁴ to _______customer. ________ interest in ______ rail freight has been historically minimal because _________requirements of _________ price, _________ reliability and ______ time were not met. _______ rail is _______ alternative to ________ road but this is more true for __________ shuttle service than for _______ multidrop stations. There is ______ growing interest in _______ rail because ________ people's attitudes are changing but _______ rail has to stand up financially.

Task 18: Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Плата за перевозку грузов по железной дороге недавно значительно возросла. Железнодорожный транспорт в России находится под контролем государства, которое в последнее проявляет большой интерес к его развитию.

2. Интермодальные перевозки в Европе постоянно развиваются. Каждый год создаются совместные транспортные предприятия и возникают экспедиторские фирмы.

3. Во время гарантийного периода все неисправные детекторы заменяются на новые бесплатно.

4. Если фирме предоставляется скидка, продавец надеется, что заказ будет увеличен.

5. Будет несправедливо делать им уступку снова. В прошлый раз мы организовали разгрузку в выходной день, хотя они не оплатили грузчикам эту работу.

6. При перевозке любой груз непременно страхуется.

7. Вы можете назначить цену и выписать счет сразу же? Товар нужен нам срочно.

8. Вы не возражаете, если счет будет выслан вам завтра?

9. — Ты думаешь, стоит поторговаться?

— Конечно. Продавец почти всегда предоставляет скидку. Наша цель – купить дешевле.

10. Новые вагоны поступили на российский рынок в прошлом году. Они были куплены многими перевозчиками, так как их грузоподъемность намного выше, чем у предыдущей модели.

Acquiring More Skills

Addition and Contrast

The following words/phrases are used to express addition:

besides not only ... but also

as well as both ... and

as well moreover