Способы перевода страдательного залога на русский язык

Существует три способа перевода страдательного залога на русский язык:

1. При помощи глагола "быть" + краткая форма причастия, например:

Were his books translated into Russian? Были ли его книги переведены на русский язык?

2. Глаголами, оканчивающимися на –ся, например:

Letters are delivered by mailmen. Письма доставляются почтальонами.

3. Неопределенно-личным оборотом (этот способ перевода возможен в тех случаях, когда в английском предложении не упоминается исполнитель действия), например:

They were taught French last year. Их учили французскому языку в прошлом году.

Grammar Exercises

1. Translate into English using Past Simple Active or PastSimple Passive.

Я рассказал. — Мне рассказали.

Я показал. — Мне показали.

Она привела. — Ее привели.

Мы спросили. — Нас спросили.

Мы ответили. — Нам ответили.

Мы послали. — Нас послали.

Она запретила. — Ей запретили.

2. Translate into English using  Present, Past or Future SimplePassive.

Мне рассказали. — Мне рассказывают. — Мне расскажут.

Мне показали. — Мне показывают. — Мне покажут.

Ее привели. — Ее приводят. — Ее приведут.

Нас спросили. — Нас спрашивают. — Нас спро­сят.

Нам ответили. — Нам отвечают. — Нам от­ветят.

Нас послали. — Нас посылают. — Нас пошлют.

Им дали. — Им дают. — Им дадут.

 

3. Open the brackets using  Present, Past or Future Simple Passive.

1. The letter (to re­ceive) yesterday. 2. Nick (to send) to Moscow next week. 3. I (to ask) at the lesson yesterday. 4. I (to give) a very interesting book at the library last Fri­day. 5. This work (to do) tomorrow. 6. This text (to translate) at the last lesson. 7. We (to invite) to a concert last Saturday. 8. Lost time never (to find) again. 9. Rome (not to build) in a day. 10. His new book (to finish) next year.

 

4. Open the brackets using the correct form of the verbs.

1. At the station they will (meet, be met) by a man from the travel bureau. 2. She will (meet, be met) them in the hall upstairs. 3. The porter will (bring, be brought) your luggage to your room. 4. Your luggage will (bring, be brought) up in the lift. 5. You may (leave, be left) your hat and coat in the cloakroom downstairs. 6. They can (leave, be left) the key with the clerk downstairs. 7. From the station they will (take, be taken) straight to the hotel. 8. Tomorrow he will (take, be taken) them to the Russian Museum.

 

5. Make the following sentences Passive.

E.g. Mother waters the houseplants in the evening. — The houseplants are watered in the evening (by Mother).

1. The explorers gave the news­paper reporters a long interview. 2. Mr Wilson will teach you English. 3. Lydia will show you a new project of the device. 4. We shall do the trans­lation in the evening. 5. You promised me these books long ago. 6. Bessie’s father gave her a complete set of Walter Scott’s works. 7. The two hikers dropped their heavy backpacks. 8. The boys will paint the roof of the house. 9. Her daughters gave her three beautiful dishes as a birthday present.

 

6. Open the brackets using either Active Voice or Passive Voice.

1. Nobody (to see) him yesterday. 2. The money (to receive) tomorrow. 3. He (to give) me this book next week. 4. The answer to this question can (to find) in the encyclopedia. 5. We (to show) the historical monuments of the capital to the delegation tomor­row. 6. You can (to find) interesting information about the life in the USA in this book. 7. Budapest (to divide) by the Danube into two parts: Buda and Pest. 8. Yuri Dolgoruky (to found) Moscow in 1147. 9. Mos­cow University (to found) by Lomonosov. 10. We (to call) Zhukovsky the father of Russian aviation. 11. He (to speak) very highly of the doctor.

 

7. Make the following sentences Active.

1. Invitations have been sent to all the old pupils to be present at the school’s thirtieth anniversary. 2. All the passengers in the bus were listening to the story of the boy who had been saved from drown­ing by the quickness of the driver. 3. The work was finished on time. 4. The child is taken care of. 5. This book must be read by every student. 6. This film can be seen at our cinema. 7. Spartan children were taught by their parents to endure all hardships. 8. Which article was translated by your brother? 9. They were being taught drawing at that lesson. 10. This name was seldom mentioned in his novels. 11. I am often told about it.