- •Sustainable consumption and production (scp).
- •Strategic priority areas in the work of the Center for scp (cscp).
- •Resource-and low-waste technologies.
- •Energy efficiency. Alternative energy sources.
- •Energy efficiency-low consumption in industry.
- •Energy efficiency in buildings, transport, appliances.
- •Energy saving programs and legislation in Kazakhstan.
- •The role of the Kyoto Protocol in achieving sustainable energy use.
- •Ethical principles and standards of business and management of the organization.
- •Sustainability and social responsibility.
- •Corporate social responsibility. The benefits for business and society from implementing the principles of corporate social responsibility.
- •Civil society as an important component of sustainable development.
- •The concept of citizenship. Citizenship as an essential element of a democracy.
- •Democracy: principles and values.
- •Prospects for the development of civil society in Kazakhstan.
- •The value of public sector in political decisions aimed at sustainable development.
- •Human rights as the supreme human value. The purpose of creation of the United Nations.
- •The Universal Declaration of Human Rights as the basis for the concept of sd.
- •The Human Rights and sustainable human development.
- •The legislation of Kazakhstan on Human Rights – reflection of the standards of international laws.
- •Role of political parties and ngOs in building a civil society.
- •23. The concept of welfare and well-being.
- •24.Social indicators that reflect different aspects of well-being.
- •Absolute and relative income.
- •Monetary income in the assessment of living standards of the population.
- •Types of inequality. International inequality and its causes.
- •Quantitative characteristics of inequality: the Gini coefficient, Lorenz curves.
- •Inequality in the countries with transition economies and Kazakhstan.
- •Absolute and relative poverty.
- •Indicators of poverty. The Human Poverty Index.
- •The levels of urban and rural poverty.
- •State and regional programs of Kazakhstan on poverty reduction.
Midterm Control 2 on the course of “Ecology and Sustainable Development”
Sustainable consumption and production (scp).
1.Sustainable consumption is the use of services and related products which respond to basic needs and bring a better quality of life while minimizing the use of natural resources and toxic materials as well as the emissions of waste and pollutants over the life cycle of the service or product so as not to jeopardize the needs of future generations. Sustainable production is the creation of goods and services using processes and systems that are non-polluting, conserve energy and natural resources, are economically efficient, are safe and healthful for workers, communities, and consumers, and are socially and creatively rewarding for all working people. Sustainable production and consumption involves business, government, communities and households contributing to environmental quality through the efficient production and use of natural resources, the minimization of wastes, and the optimization of products and services.
Strategic priority areas in the work of the Center for scp (cscp).
(1) The first area deals with the socio-economic consequences of progress towards SCP,
especially its contribution to human development and poverty reduction in developing
countries.
(2) Addressing the consumption side is the focus of the second area, which deals with both
individual and institutional patterns of consumption.
(3) The production side is dealt with in the third area, in which the CSCP seeks to encourage
responsible industrial development.
Resource-and low-waste technologies.
Environmental technologies
Some environmental technologies, in conjunction with sustainable development, are
technologies that assist directly with energy conservation (such as flue gas treatment); other
emerging technologies are those that help the environment by reducing the amount of waste
produced by human activities. Energy sources such as solar power create fewer problems for the environment than traditional sources of energy like coal and petroleum.
The technologies include, but are not limited to, the following areas:
Recycling - Reduce, Re-use, Recycle, Re-generate
Is a Worldwide Phenomenon, which is a basic application towards the concept of Green
Technology. It shows and encourages people to reuse items that can be reusable. Items like
saving Cans of food or drinks, Paper etc. have been encouraged by the governing bodies around
Water Purification
The whole idea of having dirt/germ/pollution free water flowing throughout the environment.
Many other phenomena lead from this concept of Purification of water. Water Pollution is the
main enemy of this concept, and various campaigns and activists have been organized around the world to help purify Water. Considering the amount of water usage that is under current
consumptions, this Concept is of utter Importance.
Sewage Treatment
Sewage Treatment is a concept that is really close to Water Purification. Sewage Treatments are very important as it purifies water in levels of its pollution. The more the water is polluted, it’s not used for anything, the least polluted water is supplied to places where Water is used affluently. It may lead to various other concepts of environmental protection, sustainability etc.
Environmental remediation
Environmental remediation is the removal of pollutants or contaminants for the general
protection of the environment. This is accomplished by various chemical, biological, and bulk movement methods, in conjunction with environmental monitoring (encyclopedia of medical concepts).
Solid Waste Management
The purification, Consumption, Reuse, Disposal and Treatment of solid waste that is looked after by the government or the ruling bodies of a city/town and its proper care is basically known as Solid Waste management.
Renewable Energy
Energy that can be replenished easily is the easiest way to explain renewable energy. For years we have been using sources like wood, sun, water etc. for producing energy. Energy that can be produced by natural objects like wood, sun, wind etc is considered to be renewable
Environmentally friendly production. Eco-innovation..
Life-cycle assessment is focused on the actual end-service that products provide: A shift from
individual products to a metabolic systems approach. In recent years, a number of major
companies have cited LCAs in their marketing and advertising, to support claims that their
products are 'environmentally friendly‘. All products have some impact on the environment. Since some products use more resources, cause more pollution or generate more waste than others, the aim is to identify those which are most harmful.
Eco-innovation means all forms of innovation activities resulting in or aimed at significantly
improving environmental protection. Eco-innovation includes new production processes, new
products or services, and new management and business methods, the use or implementation of
which is likely to prevent or substantially reduce the risks to the environment, pollution and any
other negative impact of the use of resources throughout the lifecycle of related activities.