- •Sustainable consumption and production (scp).
- •Strategic priority areas in the work of the Center for scp (cscp).
- •Resource-and low-waste technologies.
- •Energy efficiency. Alternative energy sources.
- •Energy efficiency-low consumption in industry.
- •Energy efficiency in buildings, transport, appliances.
- •Energy saving programs and legislation in Kazakhstan.
- •The role of the Kyoto Protocol in achieving sustainable energy use.
- •Ethical principles and standards of business and management of the organization.
- •Sustainability and social responsibility.
- •Corporate social responsibility. The benefits for business and society from implementing the principles of corporate social responsibility.
- •Civil society as an important component of sustainable development.
- •The concept of citizenship. Citizenship as an essential element of a democracy.
- •Democracy: principles and values.
- •Prospects for the development of civil society in Kazakhstan.
- •The value of public sector in political decisions aimed at sustainable development.
- •Human rights as the supreme human value. The purpose of creation of the United Nations.
- •The Universal Declaration of Human Rights as the basis for the concept of sd.
- •The Human Rights and sustainable human development.
- •The legislation of Kazakhstan on Human Rights – reflection of the standards of international laws.
- •Role of political parties and ngOs in building a civil society.
- •23. The concept of welfare and well-being.
- •24.Social indicators that reflect different aspects of well-being.
- •Absolute and relative income.
- •Monetary income in the assessment of living standards of the population.
- •Types of inequality. International inequality and its causes.
- •Quantitative characteristics of inequality: the Gini coefficient, Lorenz curves.
- •Inequality in the countries with transition economies and Kazakhstan.
- •Absolute and relative poverty.
- •Indicators of poverty. The Human Poverty Index.
- •The levels of urban and rural poverty.
- •State and regional programs of Kazakhstan on poverty reduction.
The value of public sector in political decisions aimed at sustainable development.
There are five aspects to sustainable human development - all affecting the lives of the poor and vulnerable:
Empowerment - The expansion of men and women's capabilities and choices increases their ability to exercise those choices free of hunger, want and deprivation. It also increases their opportunity to participate in, or endorse, decision-making affecting their lives.
Co-operation - With a sense of belonging important for personal fulfillment, well-being and a sense of purpose and meaning, human development is concerned with the ways in which people work together and interact.
Equity - The expansion of capabilities and opportunities means more than income - it also means equity, such as an educational system to which everybody should have access.
Sustainability - The needs of this generation must be met without compromising the right of future generations to be free of poverty and deprivation and to exercise their basic capabilities.
Security - Particularly the security of livelihood. People need to be freed from threats, such as disease or repression and from sudden harmful disruptions in their lives.
Human rights as the supreme human value. The purpose of creation of the United Nations.
Human rights are based on respect for the dignity and worth of all human beings and seek to ensure freedom from fear and want. Rooted in ethical principles, human rights are essential to the well-being of every man, woman and child. Premised on fundamental and inviolable standards, they are universal and inalienable. The United Nations and human rights Along with international peace, security and development, human rights are integral to the mandate and programme of the UN. Under the UN Charter the international community recognizes that all human beings have equal, inalienable rights.
The preamble of the Charter states that (among other things) the UN was formed: to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women; . . . to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained; and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights as the basis for the concept of sd.
Sustainable human development (SHD) aims at expanding the choices for all people --women and men, present and future generations- while protecting the natural systems on which all life depends. SHD is human-centered, placing people at the center of development and viewing human beings as both means and end of development.
Human rights and SHD are both human-centered. They are also interdependent and mutually reinforcing. Development efforts are unsustainable where the rule of law and equity do not exist; where ethnic, religious or sexual discrimination are rampant; where there are restrictions on free speech, association and the media; or where large numbers of people continue to live in conditions of abject and degrading poverty. Similarly, human rights are greatly enhanced when gender equity or poverty reduction programs empower people to become aware of and claim their rights. Both SHD and human rights will be undone in an environment that is not free of repression, threat or disease; and each will be better able to promote human choices in a peaceful and democratic environment.