1. According to their syntactic structure:

• Simple, consists of 2 words

• Complex, consist of 3 or more words.

Complex 3 componential can be of 3 types:

1. simple w.c. + adjunct (youth festival, Paris)

2. the head + 2dependent single w.c. (passenger transport drivers)

3. the head + 2 dependant words which are not connected between themselves ( to put the book, to put into the bag)

2. According to the part of speech of the headword:

• Substantival (noun – the head) (rules of grammar)

• Adjectival (full of interest, good at math)

• Adverbial(very friendly, very soon)

• Verbal (to run quickly, to read the newspaper)

• Pronominal(something new, something else)

• W.c. with numerals as the head (nearly five)

3. By the grammatical and semantic properties w.C. Are divided into 2 types:

Subordinate – are formed by words which are syntactical, unequal in the sense that in the 2 w.c. one word plays the role of a modifier of the other word. Subordinate relations are realized by means of agreement, government and enjoyment.

Agreement – is the method of expressing a syntactical relationship, which consist in making the subordinate word. They can be found between demonstrative pronouns, these agree with a headword only in number and between verb predicate and subject. (This man – these men).

Government – is the method of expressing of syntactical relationship which consists in making the subordinate word takes a separate form required by the head word but not coinciding with it. They are found between verb and object (see him).

Ajoinment – is the ajoining position of 2 words joint by the common grammatical function of meaning. It can be found between:

• adverbs and verbs(write quickly)

• attributes and head nouns ( good stuff)

• article and nouns ( a boy)

A special kind of syntactical relation is called enclosure. Its type of relationship between words which consists with enclosing of a word between 2 elements of a person. (Putting of the word between an article and the noun to which the article belongs. (The matter of fact decision)

• Coordinate phrases are such phrases the constituencies of which are on equal rank so that in a two word combination neither of them serves as a modifier of other.

5. The simple sentence: classifications and types

Sweet defines a sentence as a word or group of words capable of expressing a complete thought or meaning.

Jarsperson defines a sentence “a relatively complete and independent human utterance”.

Leo Bloomfield produced the following definition – each sentence is an independent linguistic firm not included with the help of any grammatical construction into any large linguistic form.

Bloch defines the sentence as the integral unit of speech built up of words according to define syntactic pattern and distinguish by a contextually relevant communicative purpose.

Pochepcov’s definition – sentence is the minimal syntactical construction, used in the acts of speech communication, characterized by predicativity and relying a definite structural pattern. Sometimes sentence can be expressed by a single word (come, go, yes) , but the existence of 1 word sentences doesn’t mean that under some circumstances the word and the sentence may coincide.

Classification of sentences:

Sentences can be classified from different principles:

Ilish distinguishes 2 principles:

1. According to the aim of communication:

• interrogative (питальні)

• imperative

• declarative(розповідні)

• exlamatory(окличні)

2. According to the structure sentences are divided:

• Simple, can be one member and two members. In 2 member sentences there are words denoting the doer of the action and the action itself .They have two main principle parts: the subject and the predicate. It can be unextended and extended (John ran, John ran quickly to me). A 2 member can be complete and incomplete.

• Composite can be compound(складносурядні) and complex (складнопідрядні)(main and subordinate clause)

The form – is the sentence with the full predication containing both, the subject and the predicate.

Analytical – is the sentence with subject or object which can be easily implied (no birds singing in the wood, looks like raining)

Elliptical - are cheaply used in colloquial speech especially in dialogues. (What are you doing? -Reading)

In 1 member sentences there is only one main part: either subject or predicate (fire, common)

There exists different use upon the main part of 1 member sentence:

1. by Шахматов, he considers that this main part should be termed either subject of predicate

2. Виноградов considers that this main part is neither the subject nor the predicate but it combines the features of both and should be termed the main part.

1 member sentences are of 2 types:

Nominal – are those in which the principle part is expressed by a noun. They can be unextended and extended. They are typical of descriptions(silence, summer, but this summer)

Verbal – are those in which the principle part is expressed by the infinitive or the verb in the imperative mood (go on, sit down)

Infinitival – 1 type is of those sentences is represented by an exclamatory sentence in which the infinitive with the particle -to- stands at the beginning of the sentence: (to be alive, to run)

Interogative – beginning with the adverb –why- followed by infinitive without –to- and preceded by the part “not”.(Why not go there).

There are one word sentences but they may have a few words. They represent a special type of a sentence. They are:

• Words of affirmation and negation (yes-no)

• Conversational formulas of greeting, leave-taking, thanking, congratulating, apologizing.

Their principal part may be nouns: attention! What a day!

Adjectives: splendid! How romantic!

Modal words: certainly! Of course! All right!

Semantically sentences are divided into:

• Personal

• Impersonal