Unit 32

• Ex. I. Scan through the text. Work in pairs to question the text and to give answers.

Some aspects of the prisoner’s life.Prisons have been de­scribed as institutions, in which every aspect of life is subject to control. In addition to daily routines such as mealtimes, times of rising and retiring, and bathing, many other aspects of the pris­oner's life are subject to control. This control is a means of maintaining security, controlling the introduction of weapons or

(У 1

contraband substances, and preventing escapes/ Most prisons limit the number of visits that a prisoner may receive from his family or friends. In England the Prison Rules allow a convicted prisoner one visit every four weeks, although the prison gover­nor may increase or limit visits at his discretion. Only relatives and friends of the prisoner may visit him, although adequate facilities must be available for visits by legal advisers if the prisoner is engaged in any litigation (for instance, divorce pro­ceedings). Visits normally take place within the sight of an offi­cer, and in some cases within his hearing. In many prisons, vis­its are conducted with the prisoner sitting on one side of a table and his visitor on the other, with a wire partition between them; the visitor may be searched for contraband. In other prisons the conditions for visiting may be less restrictive—the visitor and the prisoner may be allowed to meet in a room without any physical barrier but still in the sight of officers. Conjugal visits, in which the prisoner's spouse comes to stay with the prisoner for a period of several days,, are not permitted in England, but some U.S. states do permit them. Correspondence of prisoners in England is subject to censorship by the prison authorities, and prisoners may not write more than one letter each week. Control of the prison is maintained by a number of disciplinary sanctions, which may include forfeiture of privileges, confine­ment within a punishment cell, or the loss of remission or good time. Generally, prisons are governed by rules setting out a code of conduct and listing prohibited behaviour; the code must be given to the prisoner on his arrival in the prison. Typically, the prohibited offenses include mutiny and violence to officers; escaping, or being absent from a place where the prisoner is required to be; and possessing unauthorized articles.

Subject [’sAbd3ikt] - подлежащий; routine [ru:'ti:n] - заве­денныйпорядок; retire for the night –ложитьсяспать; in­troduction - внесение; внедрение; contraband - контра­банда; convicted - осужденный; prison governor –начальниктюрьмы; adequate [’asdikwit] - соответствующий; fa­

cilities [fa'silitiz] - удобства; legal adviser - адвокат; litiga­tion - тяжба, судебныйспор; wire - проволочный; partition [pa:'ti/9n] - перегородка; restrictive [ris'triktiv] - ограни­чительный; barrier [Ъэепэ] - барьер; conjugal ['kDndsugal] - супружеский; spouse [spauz] - супруг, супруга; censorship [’senss/ip] - цензура; disciplinary ['disiplinari] - дисципли­нарный; forfeiture ['fnifit/s] - потеря; confinement [kan'fainmant] - заключение; remission [ri'mi/an] - поми­лование; good time –времяхорошегоповедения (зачиты­ваемоезаключеннымвсрокзаключения); mutiny [’mju:tini] - мятеж; salubrious [sa'lu:brias] –полезныйдляздоровья; accomplice [a'kpmplis] - соучастникпреступления.

• Ex. II. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

1. Every aspect of life in prisons is subject to improvement.

2. It's necessary to maintain salubrious climate in prisons. 3) It's necessary to control the production of weapons in prisons.

4. It's necessary to promote escapes in prisons. 5) Most prisons limit the number of visits that a prisoner may receive from his accomplices. 6) Prisons may not allow a convicted prisoner one visit every four weeks. 7) Only investigation officers of the prisoner may visit him. 8) Visits normally take place out of the sight of an officer and out of his hearing. 9) The visitor is to be searched for contraband. 10) Conjugal visits are not permitted.

7. Correspondence of prisoners is subject to censoring.

8. Prison disciplinary sanctions include intensified nutrition and outdoor games. 13) Remission is a reduction of the time that someone has to spend in prison. 14) Good time is time added to the sentence as a reward for good behaviour.

14. Prisons are governed by rules setting out a code of behav­iour. 16) Morse code must be given to the prisoner on his arri­val in the prison. 17) Prisons are governed by rules listing au­thorized behaviour. 18) The prohibited offenses include strong drinks and pickles.

• Ex. III. Restore the word order in the following statements.

1) Every aspect of life in prisons subject to control is. 2) It's necessary in prisons to maintain security. 3) It's necessary in prisons to control the introduction of weapons. 4) It's necessary in prisons to prevent escapes. 5) Most prisons the number of visits limit that a prisoner may receive from his family or friends. 6) Prisons may a convicted prisoner one visit every four weeks allow. 7) Only relatives and friends of the prisoner him may visit. 8) Visits normally within the sight of an officer or within his hearing take place. 9) The visitor searched for con­traband may be. 10) Conjugal visits permitted are. 11) Corre­spondence of prisoners subject is to censorship. 12) Prison dis­ciplinary sanctions forfeiture of privileges, confinement within a punishment cell, and the loss of remission or good time in­clude. 13) Remission a reduction of the time that someone has to spend in prison is. 14) Good time time deducted from the is sentence as a reward for good behaviour. 15) Prisons by rules setting out a code of conduct are governed. 16) The code of conduct to the prisoner on his arrival in the prison must be given. 17) Prisons by rules listing prohibited behaviour are gov­erned. 18) The prohibited offenses mutiny and violence to offi­cers include. 19) The prohibited offenses escaping include and possessing unauthorized articles.

• Ex. IV. Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English.

Адвокат; улучшение; тяжба; цензура; заключение; помило­вание; заведенный порядок; ложиться спать; внесение; кон­трабанда; осужденный; начальник тюрьмы; мятеж; здоро­вый климат; соленые огурцы; соучастник преступления; следователь; усиленное питание; игры на открытом воздухе.

• Ex. V. Complete the following statements.

1) Every aspect of life in prisons is subject to ... 2) It's neces­sary to maintain ... 3) It's necessary to control ... 4) It's neces­sary to prevent ... 5) Most prisons limit ... 6) Prisons may al­low ... 7) Only relatives and friends of the prisoner may ...

5. Visits normally take place ... 9) The visitor may be ...

4. Conjugal visits are ... 11) Correspondence of prisoners is ... 12) Prison disciplinary sanctions include ... 13) Remission is ... 14) Good time is ... 15) Prisons are governed by rules set­ting ... 16) The code of conduct must be given ... 17) Prisons are governed by rules listing ... 18) The prohibited offenses include ...

• Ex. VI. Choose one topic to speak about ’ a) control in prison; b) visits and visitors in prison; c) correspondence of prisoners; d) disciplinary sanctions in prison; e) prohibited offenses in prison; Retell the text Some aspects of the prisoner's life.

CHAPTER IX

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT

UNIT 33 1

• Ex. I. Scan through the text. Work in pairs to question the text and to give answers.

Capital punishment and its application.Death was formerly the penalty for all felonies in English law. In practice the death penalty was never applied as widely as the law provided. Many offenders who committed capital crimes were allowed what was known as benefit of clergy. The origin of benefit of clergy was that offenders who were ordained priests were subject to trial by the church courts rather than the secular courts. If the offender convicted of a felony could show that he had been ordained, he was allowed to go free, subject to the possibility of being pun­ished by the ecclesiastical courts. In medieval times the only proof of ordination was literacy and it became the custom by the 17th century to allow anyone convicted of a felony to es­cape the death sentence by giving proof of literacy. All that was required was the ability to read or recite one particular verse from Psalm 51 of the Bible, known as the “neck verse” for its ability to save one's neck; most offenders learned the words by heart. The application of the death penalty was extremely er­ratic, as in any capital case the judge was entitled to reprieve the offender so that he could petition for mercy; but the judge was not obliged to do this, and if he decided to “leave the offender for execution,” the death sentence was normally carried out immediately, without appeal. In practice, many offenders who were convicted of capital crimes escaped the gallows as a result of reprieves and royal pardons. Until the mid-19th century exe­cutions in England were public, and throughout the 18th centurygreat crowds attended the regular executions in London and other cities. Often an execution was followed by scenes of vio­lence and disorder in the crowd, and it was commonly believed that pickpockets were busy among the spectators at executions. Public opinion eventually turned against the idea of executions as spectacles, and after 1868 executions were carried out in pri­vate in prisons. Parliament (in 1957) restricted the death penalty to certain types of murder, known as “capital murders”— murder in the course of. theft, murder of a police or prison offi­cer in the execution of his duty, murder by shooting or causing an explosion, and murder on a second occasion/ All other mur­ders were to be punished by a life sentence (life imprisonment).

Felony [’felani] - фелония (категориятяжкихпреступлений, постепениопасностинаходящаясямеждугосударствен­нойизменойимисдиминором);-provide - предусматри­вать; capital crime - преступление, караемоесмертнойказнью; benefit of clergy –неподсудностьдуховенствасветскомусуду (привилегиядуховногозвания); ordain [ir.'dein] –посвящатьвдуховныйсан; subject - подлежа­щий; secular [’sekjula] - светский; convict [kan'vikt] - при­знатьвиновным; ecclesiastical [ikli:zi'aestikal] - церковный; literacy [’litarasi] - грамотность; recite - декламировать; psalm [sa:m] - псалом; execute ['eksikju:t] - казнить; er­ratic [I'raetik] - беспорядочный; entitle –даватьправо; re­prieve an offender –отсрочитьисполнениеприговораocyжденному; petition for mercy –подаватьходатайствоопомиловании; execution [eksi'kju:Jan] –приведениевис­полнениеприговораксмертнойказни, смертнаяказнь; gallows ['gaelauz] - виселица; royal pardon –королевскоепомилование; eventually [iVent/uali] –современем; spec­tacle ['spektakal] - зрелище; in private –призакрытыхдве­рях; restrict [ris’trikt] - ограничивать; shoot - застрелить; cause –бытьпричиной; explosion [iks'plaujan] - взрыв; second occasion –повторныйслучай.

• Ex. II. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

1) Death was the penalty for all misdemeanours. 2) Death pen­alty was applied as widely as the law provided. 3) Many of­fenders who committed capital murders were allowed what was known as benefit of clergy. 4) Many offenders who were or­dained priests were subject to trial by the secular courts rather than the church courts. 5) If the offender convicted of a felony could show that he had been ordained, he was allowed to repair a damage. 6) Anyone convicted of a felony was allowed to es­cape the death sentence by giving proof of morality. 7) The ap­plication of the death penalty was well-ordered. 8) The judge was entitled to reprieve the offender so that he could repent of his sins. 9) The judge was obliged to reprieve the offender.

10. If the judge decided to leave the offender for execution, the death sentence was carried out momentarily. 11) Many offend­ers who were convicted of misdemeanours didn’t escape the gallows. 12) Executions in England were carried out in private in prisons. 13) Few people attended the regular executions in London. 14) Scenes of pacification in the crowd followed an execution. 15) It was believed that robbers were busy among the spectators at executions. 16) Public opinion supported the idea of executions as spectacles.

• Ex. III. Restore the word order in the following statements.

1) Death the penalty for all felonies was. 2) Death penalty was never as widely as the law applied provided. 3) Many offenders were what was known as benefit of clergy allowed. 4) Many offenders who were were ordained priests subject to trial by the church courts. 5) If the offender allowed convicted of a felony could show that he had been ordained, he. was to go free.

4. Anyone convicted of a felony to escape the death sentence by giving proof .of literacy was allowed. 7) The application of the death penalty erratic was. 8) The judge was to reprieve the of­fender entitled. 9) The judge not obliged to reprieve the offender was. 10) If the judge decided to leave, the death sentence was car­ried out immediately the offender for execution. 11) Many of­fenders who were convicted of capital crimes the gallows as a result of royal pardons escaped. 12) Great crowds the regular executions in London attended. 13) Scenes of violence in the crowd an execution followed. 14) Pickpockets busy among the spectators at executions were.

• Ex. IV. Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English. ' .

Возместить ущерб; нравственное поведение; упорядочен­ный; раскаиваться; умиротворение; фелония; преступление, караемое смертной казнью; неподсудность духовенства светскому суду; посвящать в духовный сан; признать ви­новным; казнить; давать право; отсрочить исполнение при­говора осужденному; подавать ходатайство о помиловании; приведение в исполнение приговора к смертной казни; ви­селица; королевское помилование; повторный случай.

• Ex. V. Complete the following statements.

1. Death was ... 2) Death penalty was never applied as ...

3. Many offenders who committed capital crimes were allowed ... 4) Many offenders who were ordained priests were subject to ... 5) If the offender convicted of a felony could show ... he was allowed ... or was subject to ... 6) Anyone convicted of a felony was allowed ... 7) The application of the death penalty was-!-... 8) The judge was entitled ... 9) The judge was not obliged ... 10) If the judge decided ... the death sentence was ... 11) Many offenders who were convicted of capital crimes escaped ... as a result of ... 12) Executions in England were ...

7. Great crowds attended ... 14) Scenes of ... followed ...

13. It was believed that pickpockets ... 16) Public opinion turned ... 17) After 1868 executions were carried out in ...

15. Capital murders are ...

• Ex. VI. Choose one topic to speak about a) benefit of clergy; b) er­ratic application of death penalty; c) death penalty and its execu­tion; d) capital crimes. Retell the text Capital punishment and its application.

UNIT 34

• Ex. I. Scan through the text. Work in pairs to question the text and to give answers.

Capital punishment and its abolition.The operation of the system of capital murder created great dissatisfaction, as it led to some executions that the public viewed as unjustified, while other types of murderers escaped the death penaity|ln particu­lar, deliberate poisoners were not subject to the death penalty, but the emotional murderer who had happened to. seize a gun was liable to execution] In 1965 the Murder Act abolished thedeath penalty for all murders and replaced it with a life sentence in all casesfThe judge was given the power to recommend that the offender sentenced to life imprisonment should not be re- leasecLbefore he had served a certain minimum periodjThe abo^ lition of capital punishment in England in November 1965 was welcomed by most people with humane and progressive ideas.| To them tTiefabolition of death penalty seemed a departure from feudalism, from the cruel pre-Christian spirit of revenge: an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.lToday public opinion in Brit­ain has changed. People who before stated that capital punish­ment was not a deterrent to murder - for there have always been murders in all countries with or without the law of execution - now feel that killing the assassin is the lesser of two evils. Capi­tal punishment, they think, may not be the ideal answer, but it is better than nothing, especially when, as in England, a life sen­tence only lasts eight or nine years.

Abolition - отмена; capitalmurder - убийство, караемоесмертнойказнью; dissatisfaction - недовольство; execution -

Приведениевисполнениеприговораксмертнойказни; view - рассматривать; unjustified - необоснованный; es­capethedeathpenalty –избежатьсмертнойказни; deliber­atepoisoner_-умышленныйотравитель; subject / liable - подлежащий;*ето^опа1crime –преступлениеподвлияни­емаффекта; seizeagun –схватитьогнестрельноеоружие; abolishthedeathpenalty –отменятьсмертнуюказнь; re­place - заменять; lifesentence –приговоркпожизненномутюремномузаключению; release - освобождать; serveаsentence –отбыватьнаказание.

• Ex. II. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

1. The operation of the system of capital murder created great satisfaction. 2) The operation of the system of capital murder led to some executions that the public viewed as well-thought- out. 3) No types of murderers escaped the death penalty.

4. Deliberate poisoners were subject to the death penalty.

5. The emotional murderer was not liable to execution.

6. Capital punishment was abolished for felony crimes. 7) Life sentence was replaced with a death penalty in all cases. 8) The offender sentenced to life imprisonment should be released be­fore he had served a certain period. 9) Murderers and rapists welcomed the abolition of capital punishment. 10) The abolition of death penalty seemed to people a great catastrophe.

2. People stated that capital punishment was a deterrent to murder.

• Ex. III. Restore the word order in the following statements.

1. The created operation of the system of capital murder great dissatisfaction. 2) The operation of the system of capital murder to some executions that the public viewed as led unjustified.

3. Some escaped types of murderers the death penalty. 4) De-

liberate poisoners subject to the death penalty were not. 5) The emotional murderer liable to execution was. 6) Capital punish­ment was for all murders abolished. 7) Death penalty was with a life sentence in all cases replaced. 8) The offender sentenced to life imprisonment should not be minimum period released be­fore he had served a certain. 9) Most people with humane and progressive ideas the abolition of capital punishment welcomed.

10. The abolition of death penalty to people a departure from feudalism seemed. 11) The abolition of seemed capital punish­ment to people a departure from the pre-Christian spirit of re­venge. 12) People that capital punishment was not a deterrent to murder stated. 13) People that killing the assassin is the lesser of two evils feel. 14) Capital punishment better than nothing is.

• Ex. IV. Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English.

Отмена смертной казни; утверждать; дохристианский; рас­ставание; изменяться; мщение; высшая мера наказания; ка­заться; тяжкое убийство, караемое смертной казнью; обще­ственное мнение; умышленный; средство устрашения; фео­дализм; приветствовать; гуманный; жестокий; око за око и зуб за зуб; убийца; длиться; пожизненное тюремное заклю­чение; недовольство; приведение в исполнение приговора к смертной казни; рассматривать; необоснованный; избежать смертной казни; умышленный отравитель; преступление под влиянием аффекта; схватить огнестрельное оружие; отменять смертную казнь; заменять; освобождать; отбывать наказание; обоснованный.

• Ex. V. Complete the following statements.

1. The operation of the system of capital murder created ...

2. The operation of the system of capital murder led to ...

3. Some types of murderers escaped ... 4) Deliberate poisoners were not subject to ... 5) The emotional murderer was liable to ... 6) Capital punishment was abolished for ... 7) Death penalty was replaced with ... 8) The offender sentenced to life impris- ortment should not be ... 9) Most people with humane and pro­gressive ideas welcomed ... 10) The abolition of death penalty seemed to people a departure from ... 11) People stated that ...

12. People feel that ... 13) Capital punishment is better than ...

• Ex. VI. Choose one topic to speak about a) pro capital punishment;

2. con capital punishment. Retell the text Capital punishment and its abolition.

UNIT 35

• Ex. I. Scan through the text. Work in pairs to question the text and to give answers.

Capital punishment and its constitutionality.In the United States, where the existence of the death penalty is primarily a matter of state law, capital punishment was permitted by many states for murder and in some states for offenses such as rape and kidnapping. Executions were common; between 150 and 200 persons were executed each year in the decade before World War II. In the postwar years the number of executions declined to about 50 each year by the late 1950s. During the 1960s doubts grew as to whether the application of the death penalty was constitutional. These doubts led to a complete ces­sation of executions for a decade, until the Supreme Court of the United States settled the constitutional issues in 1972. The Supreme Court enacted that the death penalty itself did not vio­late the Constitution but that the manner of its application in many states did. Some states enacted legislation that if there was no discretion in the application of the death penalty, there could be no question of discrimination in its application. [Dis­cretion is the ability and right to decide exactly what should be done in a particular situation. Discrimination is the practice of treating one particular group in society in an unfair way.] Other states enacted legislation that provided for the death penalty to be imposed only after a special hearing, at which matters of mitigation and aggravation were to be considered, so that the discretion would be exercised in a systematic rather than an ar­bitrary manner. The constitutionality of these new laws was considered by the Supreme Court in 1976, which decided that laws making the application of the death penalty automatic were unconstitutional but that those providing a framework for the exercise of discretion were constitutional.

Cessation [se'sei/эп] - прекращение; constitutional issue - вопрос, имеющийконституционноезначение; enact –предписыватьвзаконодательномпорядке, постановлять; discrimination –неодинаковоеотношение; enact legislation [i'naekt ledsis'lei/sn] –приниматьзаконы; discretion [dis'kre/эп] - усмотрение; provide for - предусматривать;

. mitigation [miti'geijan] - смягчение; aggravation [aegra'veijan] - усиление; exercise [’eksasaiz] of discretion - осуществле­ниеусмотрения; arbitrary [’aibitrsri] - произвольный; framework –правовыерамки.

• Ex. II. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

1) The existence of the death penalty is primarily a matter of the Supreme Court in the United States. 2) Capital punishment was permitted by many states for theft. 3) Capital punishment was permitted in some states for hooliganism. 4) Executions were uncommon in the United States. 5) The Supreme Court decided that laws making the application of the death penalty automatic were constitutional. 6) The Supreme Court decided that laws providing a framework for the exercise of discretion were un­constitutional.

• Ex. III. Restore the word order in the following statements.

1. The United States existence of the death penalty is primarily ;i matter of state law in the. 2) Capital was permitted punish­ment by many states for murder. 3) Capital punishment in some states for rape and kidnapping was permitted. 4) Executions ■ common in the United States were. 5) The Supreme Court de­cided that laws automatic were unconstitutional making the ap­plication of the death penalty. 6) The Supreme Court decided that laws were constitutional providing a framework for the ex­ercise of discretion.

• Ex. IV. Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English.

Существование смертной казни; правонарушение; изнаси­лование; похищение человека с целью выкупа; приведение в исполнение приговора к смертной казни, казнить; сомне­ния; применение смертной казни; конституционный; не­конституционный; полное прекращение; вопрос, имеющий конституционное значение; предписывать в законодатель­ном порядке; неодинаковое отношение; принимать законы; усмотрение; предусматривать; смягчение; усиление; осу­ществление усмотрения; произвольный; правовые рамки; закон штата; разрешать; тяжкое убийство.

• Ex. V. Complete the following statements.

1. The existence of the death penalty in the United States is ...

2. Capital punishment was permitted by .._u for ... 3) Executions were ... in the United States. 4) Doubts grew as to whether ...

4. The Supreme Court of the US settled ... 6) The Supreme Court enacted ... 7) Some states of the US enacted legislation that ... 8) Other states of the US enacted legislation that ...

6. Special hearing considered some matters of ... 10) The Su­preme Court decided that laws making ... 11) The Supreme Court decided that laws providing ...

• Ex. VI. Choose one topic to speak about death penalty: a) its exis­tence in the US; b) its constitutionality; c) its unconstitutionality. Re­tell the text Capital punishment and its constitutionality.

CHAPTER X

POLICE AGENCY AND ITS DETECTIVES

UNIT 36

• Ex. I. Scan through the text. Work in pairs to question the text and to give answers.

Scotland Yard is located south of St. James's Park in Westmin­ster. The original headquarters of Scotland Yard were in White­hall (the street in London where many of the government de­partments are). Scotland Yard was so named because it was part of a medieval palace (Whitehall Palace) that had housed Scot­tish royalty when the latter were in London on visits. The Lon­don police force was created in 1829 by an act introduced in Parliament by the home secretary, Sir Robert Peel (hence the nicknames “bobbies” and “peelers” for policemen). The Metro­politan Police's duties are the detection and prevention of crime, the preservation of public order, the supervision of road traffic, and the licensing of public vehicles. The administrative head of Scotland Yard is the commissioner, who is appointed by the crown on the recommendation of the home secretary. Beneath the commissioner are various assistant commissioners oversee­ing such operations as administration, traffic and transport, criminal investigation and police recruitment and training. Scot­land Yard set up its Criminal Investigation Department (CID) in 1878. The CID initially was a small force of plainclothes detec­tives who gathered information on criminal activities. Criminal Investigation Department deals with all aspects of criminal in­vestigation and includes the fingerprint and photography sec­tions, the Fraud Squad (the department in the British police force that examines fraud in business), the Flying Squad (a spe­cial group of police officers in Britain whose job is to travel

quickly to the place where there has been a serious crime), the metropolitan police laboratory, and the detective-training school. Scotland Yard keeps extensive files on all known crimi­nals in the United Kingdom. It also has a special branch of po­lice who guard visiting dignitaries, royalty, and statesmen. Fi­nally, Scotland Yard is responsible for maintaining links be­tween British law-enforcement agencies and Interpol.

Scotland Yard –традиционноеназваниеСтоличнойполиции(London Metropolitan Police); metropolitan - столичный; headquarters - штаб-квартира; house [hauz] - приютить; peeler - a special type of knife for removing the skin from fruit or vegetables; detection - расследование; commissioner [ka'mi/ana] - комиссар; oversee - надзирать; criminal investigation –уголовноерасследование; fraud [fn:d] - мошенничество; squad [skwxl] - взвод, отряд; file - картотека; dignitary [’dignitari] - someone who has an im­portant official position; law enforcement agency - поли­цейскийорган; правоприменяющийорган; enforce law –применитьзакон.

I

• Ex. II. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

1) Scotland Yard was created in 1929. 2) Scotland Yard was created by the foreign secretary. 3) The Metropolitan Police's duties are the preservation of public order and the licensing of social relations. 4) The administrative head of Scotland Yard is the advertising manager. 5) The Crown on the recommendation of the home secretary appoints the commissioner of Scotland Yard. 6) Assistant commissioners supervise police recruitment and training. 7) Scotland Yard set up its reward in a shape of money to catch criminals. 8) The CID initially was a small force of plainclothes detectives who gathered rumours on criminal activities. 9) The CID deals with all aspects of civil investiga­tion. 10) The CID includes judo-training schools. 11) Flying Squad is the department in the British police force that exam ines fraud in business. 12) Fraud Squad is a special group ofpolice officers in Britain whose job is to travel quickly to the place where there has been a serious crime. 13) Scotland Yard keeps extensive files on all known criminals in London. 14) Scotland Yard doesn’t guard visiting dignitaries. 15) Scotland Yard ceased its links with Interpol.

• Ex. III. Restore the word order in the following statements.

I) Scotland Yard created in 1829 was. 2) The home secretary Scotland Yard created. 3) The Metropolitan Police's duties the detection and prevention of crime are. 4) The administrative is head of Scotland Yard the commissioner. 5) The Crown ap­points on the recommendation of the home secretary the com­missioner of Scotland Yard. 6) Assistant oversee commission­ers such operations as police recruitment and training.

7. Scotland Yard its Criminal Investigation Department in 1878 set up. 8) The CID initially was gathered a small force of plain­clothes detectives who information on criminal activities.

9. Criminal Investigation Department with all aspects of crimi­nal investigation deals. 10) The CID the metropolitan police laboratory and the detective-training school includes. 11) Fraud Squad the department in the British police force that examines fraud in business is. 12) Flying Squad a special group of police officers in Britain whose job is is to travel quickly to the place where there has been a serious crime. 13) Scotland Yard exten­sive files on all known criminals in the United Kingdom keeps. 14) Scotland Yard has a special branch of police who visiting dignitaries guard. 15) Scotland Yard British law-enforcement agencies with Interpol links.

• Ex. IV. Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English.

Штаб-квартира; министерство; общественные отношения; полицейские силы; предотвращение преступления; общест­венный порядок; надзор; дорожное движение; законопро­ект; министр внутренних дел; прозвище; столичная поли­ция; расследование преступления; выдача водительских прав; рекомендация; помощник; надзирать; уголовное рас­следование; вербовка; отпечатки пальцев; фотография; мо­шенничество; серьезное преступление; картотека; преступ­ник; обучение; учреждать; штатское платье; детектив; со­бирать информацию; преступная деятельность.

• Ex. V. Complete the following statements.

1) Scotland Yard is located ... 2) The original headquarters of Scotland Yard were in ... 3) Scotland Yard was so named ... 4) The London police force was created ... 5) The Metropolitan Police's duties are ... 6) The administrative head of Scotland Yard is ... 7) Scotland Yard set up ... 8) The CID initially was ... 9) The CID deals with ... and includes ... 10) The Fraud Squad examines ... 11) The Flying Squad is ... 12) Scotland Yard keeps ... 13) Scotland Yard guards ... 14) ... is responsi­ble for maintaining links between British law-enforcement agencies and Interpol.

• Ex. VI. Choose one topic to speak about Scotland Yard: a) its crea­tion and location; b) its duties; c) its commissioner and assistant commissioners; d) its criminal investigation department; e) its files and links. Retell the text Scotland Yard.

UNIT 37	I

• Ex. I. Scan through the text. Work in pairs to question the text and to give answers.

Federal Bureau of Investigation is the police department in the US that is controlled by the central government, and is con­cerned with crimes in more than one state. [Compare CIA. The Central Intelligence Agency (the CIA) is the department of the

US government that collects information about other countries, especially secretly.] The Federal Bureau of Investigation is the largest investigative agency of the United States federal gov­ernment. Generally speaking, the Federal Bureau of Investiga­tion is responsible for conducting investigations where a federal interest is concerned. In pursuance of its duties, the bureau gathers facts and reports the results of its investigations to the attorney general of the United States and his assistants in Wash­ington, and to the United States attorneys' offices-in* the federal judicial districts of the nation. The Federal Bureau of Investiga­tion is a part of the Department of Justice, responsible and sub­ordinate to the attorney general of the United States. The bu­reau, headquartered in Washington, has field offices in large cities throughout the United States. In addition, the FBI main­tains liaison posts in several major foreign cities to facilitate the exchange of information with foreign agencies on matters relat­ing to international crime and criminals.The head of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, whose title is director, was appointed by the attorney general until 1968; thereafter, by law, he be­came subject to appointment by the president of the United States with the advice and consent of the Senate.The bureau has a large staff of employees, including between 6,000 and 7,000 special agents who perform the investigative work. These spe­cial agents, the majority of whom have 10 years or more of ser­vice with the Federal Bureau of Investigation, are /usually re­quired to have either a legal or an accounting education.

Police department –полицейскоеуправление; investigative agency [in'vestigeitiv 'eid3ansi] –следственныйорган; conduct [lon'dAkt] investigation –вестирасследование, дознание; in pursuance [pa'sju:ans] –воисполнение; Attor­ney General –министрюстициивСША; district attorney –прокуророкругавСША; окружнойпрокурор; judicial [d3u:'di Jэ1] district –судебныйокруг; Department of Justice [’d3Astis] –министерствоюстиции; subordinate [sa'bDidinat] / subject [’sAbdgikt] - подчиненный; to headquarter - иметь

штаб-квартиру; field office –периферийноеотделение; liaison post [Ik'eizpn paust] –постпосвязям; facilitate [fa'siliteit] - способствовать; thereafter [Sear'aifta] - впоследствии; consent [ksn'sent] - согласие.

• Ex. II. Agree or disagree with the following statements,

1) The CIA is the police department in the US. 2) The president of the US controls the FBI. 3) The FBI is concerned with crimes .in Washington. 4) The FBI is the smallest investigative agency of the US federal government. 5) The FBI is responsible for conducting investigations where a state interest is concerned. 6) In pursuance of its duties, the bureau conceals the results of its investigations from the attorney general of the US. 7) The FBI is a part of the Department of Corrections. 8) The bureau is headquartered in the District of Columbia. 9) The FBI has field offices in all parts of the world. 10) The FBI maintains interna­tional crime and criminals. 11) The Senate appointed the head of the FBI until 1968. 12) The FBI’s director became subject to appointment by the president of the US without the advice and consent of the Senate. 13) The bureau has a large staff of spe­cial agents. 14) The FBI’s special agents waste money of the US taxpayers. 15) The FBI’s special agents are usually required to have either a primary or a secondary education.

• Ex. III. Restore the word order in the following statements.

1) The FBI the police department in the US is. 2) The FBI is by the central government controlled. 3) The FBI is with crimes in more than one state concerned. 4) The FBI the largest investiga­tive agency of is the US federal government. 5) The FBI is for conducting investigations where a federal interest is concerned responsible. 6) In pursuance of its duties, the bureau facts and reports gathers the results of its investigations to the attorney general of the US. 7) The FBI a part of the Department of Justice is. 8) The bureau is in Washington headquartered. 9) The FBI field offices in large cities throughout the US has. 10) The FBI liaison posts in several major foreign cities to facilitate maintains the exchange of information with foreign agencies on matters relating to international crime and criminals. 11) The head of the FBI appointed was by the attorney general until 1968. 12) The FBI’s director subject to appointment by the president of the US with the advice and consent of the Senate became. 13) The bureau a large staff of employees has. 14) The FBI’s spe­cial agents the investigative work perform. 15) The FBI’s spe­cial agents usually required to have either a legal or an account­ing education are.

• Ex. IV. Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English.

Назначать; агент спецслужбы; ответственный; собирать; поддерживать; касаться; полицейское управление; следст­венный орган; вести расследование, дознание; министр юс­тиции США; окружной прокурор; иметь штаб-квартиру; периферийное отделение; пост по связям; судебный округ; министерство юстиции; согласие; управление исправитель­ных учреждений; бросать деньги на ветер.

• Ex. V. Complete the following statements.

1) The Federal Bureau of Investigation is ... 2) The Federal Bu­reau of Investigation is controlled by ... 3) The FBI is con­cerned with ... 4) The FBI is the largest investigative agency of ...5) The FBI is responsible for ... 6) In pursuance of its duties, the bureau gathers ... and reports ... 7) The FBI is a part of ... 8) The bureau is headquartered in ... 9) The FBI has field of­fices in ... 10) The FBI maintains ... 11) The head of the FBI was appointed by ... 12) The FBI’s director.became subject to ... 13) The bureau has a large staff of ... 14) The FBI’s special agents perform ... 15) The FBI’s special agents are usually re­quired to have ...

• Ex. VI. Choose one topic to speak about Federal Bureau of Investi­gation: a) its legal position in the US federal government; b) its concerns and responsibilities; c) its field offices and liaison posts; d) its director and his appointment; e) its special agents. Retell the text Federal Bureau of Investigation.

UNIT 38

• Ex. I. Scan through the text. Work in pairs to question the text and to give answers.

Interpol (International Criminal Police Organization) - organi­zation that exists to facilitate the cooperation of the criminal police forces of more than 125 countries in their fight against international crime. A general secretariat headed by a general secretary controls the everyday workings of Interpol. Bach af­filiated country has a domestic bureau (called the National Cen­tral Bureau, or NCB) through which its individual police forces may communicate either with the general secretariat or with the police of other affiliated countries.‘Television and motion pic­tures have portrayed Interpol agents as wandering from country to country, making arrests wherever they please; such represen­tations are false, since the- nations of the world have different legal, systems and their criminal laws, practices, and procedures differ substantially from one another. No sovereign state would permit any outside body to bypass its police or disregard its laws. The main weapon in the hands of Interpol is not a univer­sal detective; it is the extradition treaty. Interpol's principal tar­get is the international criminal, of which there are three main categories: those who operate in more than one country, such as smugglers, dealing mainly in gold and narcotics and other illicit drugs; criminals who do not travel at all but whose crimes affect other countries - for example, a counterfeiter of foreign bank notes; and criminals who commit a crime in one country and flee to another. At its headquarters in Lyon, France, Interpol maintains voluminous files of international criminals and others who may later fall into that category, containing particulars of their identities, nicknames;, associates, and methods of working, gathered from the police of the affiliated countries. This infor­mation is sent over Interpol's telecommunications network or by confidential circular. There are four types of confidential circu­lar. The first type asks that a particular criminal be detained in order that extradition proceedings can be started. The second does not ask for detention but gives full information about the criminal and his methods. The third describes property that may have been smuggled out of the country in which a crime was committed. A fourth deals with unidentified bodies and at­tempts to discover their identity.

International Criminal Police Organization –Международнаяорганизацияуголовнойполиции; facilitate [fa'siliteit] - содействовать; secretariat [sekrs'teariBt] - секретариат; af­filiate [a'filieit] - присоединяться; wander [’wDnda] - ски­таться; bypass ['baipa:sj - обойти; disregard –необращатьвнимания; extradite ['ekstradait] - выдавать (преступникадругомугосударству); illicit [I'lisrt] - незаконный; counter­feiter [kau ntsfits] - фальшивомонетчик; voluminous [v9'lju:min9s] - многотомный; file - картотека; particulars - детали; identity [ai'dentiti] - личность, индивидуальность; nickname - кличка; associate [a'saujiit] - соучастник, со­общник; confidential [k^nfi'den/э1] - секретный; circular –циркулярноеписьмо; detain [di'tein] - задержать; uniden­tified - неопознанный.

• Ex. II. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

i,

I) Interpol exists to' hinder the cooperation of criminal police forces in their fight against international crime. 2) Nobgdy con­trols the everyday workings of Interpol. 3) Television portrays Interpol agents as gentlemen of fortune. 4) The main weapon in the hands of Interpol is a universal detective. 5) The minor

weapon in the hands of Interpol is the extradition treaty. 6) In­terpol's principal target is the criminal. 7) The international criminal is one who operates in his own country. 8) Smugglers and counterfeiters are not international criminals. 9) Interna­tional criminals maintain voluminous files of their identities, nicknames, associates, and methods of working. 10) Interpol's information is sent over by carrier pigeons. 11) The first type of confidential circular does not ask for detention but gives full information about the criminal and his methods. 12) The second type of confidential circular asks that a particular criminal be detained in order that extradition proceedings can be started.

13. The third type of confidential circular deals with unidenti­fied bodies and attempts to discover their identity. 14) The fourth type of confidential circular describes property that may have been smuggled out of the country in which a crime was committed.

• Ex. III. Restore the word order in the following statements.

1) Interpol the cooperation of criminal police forces of more than 125 countries in their fight against international crime ex­ists to facilitate. 2) A general controls secretariat headed by a general secretary the everyday workings of Interpol. 3) Each affiliated country a domestic bureau has. 4) The police of each affiliated country through its domestic bureau may either with the general secretariat or with the police of other affiliated countries communicate. 5) Television and motion pictures In­terpol agents as wandering from country to country, making arrests wherever they portray please. 6) Television and motion pictures false representations of Interpol agents portray. 7) The nations of the world different legal systems have. 8) The na­tions’ criminal laws, practices, and procedures substantially from one another differ. 9) No sovereign state would any out­side bo&y to bypass its police or disregard its laws permit.

9. The main weapon in the hands of Interpol a universal detec­tive is not. 11) The main weapon in the hands of Interpol the

\

extradition treaty is. 12) Interpol's principal target the interna­tional criminal is. 13) International criminals operate are those who in more than one country. 14) International criminals who do not travel are those at all but whose crimes affect other coun­tries. 15) International those who commit a crime in one crimi­nals are country and flee to another. 16) Interpol maintains criminals, containing particulars of their identities, nicknames, associates, and methods of working voluminous files of interna­tional. 17) Interpol's information is by confidential circulars < sent. 18) The first type of confidential circular proceedings can be asks that a particular criminal be detained in order that extra­dition started. 19) The second type 'of confidential circular but gives full information about the criminal and his methods does not ask for detention. 20) The third type of confidential circular property that may have been smuggled out of the country in which a crime was describes committed. 21) The fourth type of confidential circular and attempts to discover their identity deals with unidentified bodies.

• Ex. IV. Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English.

Выдавать преступника другому государству; незаконный; фальшивомонетчик; спасаться бегством; картотека; содей­ствовать; секретариат; присоединяться; скитаться; обойти; не обращать внимания; детали; личность; кличка; сообщ­ник; секретный; циркулярное письмо; задержать; неопо­знанный; мешать; второстепенный.

• Ex. V. Complete the following statements.

I) Interpol exists ... 2) ... controls the everyday workings of Interpol. 3) Each affiliated country has ... 4) The police of each affiliated country through its domestic bureau may ... 5) Tele­vision and motion pictures portray Interpol agents as ...

6. Television and motion pictures portray false representations of ... 7) The nations of the world have ... 8) The nations’ criminal laws, practices, and procedures differ ... 9) No sover­eign state would permit ... or disregard ... 10) The main weapon in the hands of Interpol is not... 11) The main weapon in the hands of Interpol is ... 12) Interpol's principal target is ...

13. International criminals are those who ... 14) Interpol main­tains voluminous files of ... 15) Interpol's information is sent over ... 16) The first type of confidential circular asks that ... 17) The second type of confidential circular does not ask ... but gives ... 18) The third type of confidential circular describes ... 19) The fourth type of confidential circular deals with ... and attempts to discover ...

• Ex. VI. Choose one topic to speak about Interpol: a) its structure; b) its image on TV and its main weapon; c) its principal target; d) its files and its confidential circulars. Retell the text Interpol.

UNIT 39 I

• Ex. I. Scan through the text. Work in pairs to question the text and to give answers.

Edgar Hoover (1895-1972) - public official who, as director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) from 1924 until his death in 1972, built that agency into a highly effective arm of federal law enforcement. Hoover studied law at night at George Washington University, where he received degrees as bachelor of laws in 1916 and as master of laws in the following year. He reorganized and rebuilt the FBI on a professional basis, recruit­ing agents on merit and instituting rigorous methods of select­ing and training personnel. He established a fingerprint file, 140

which became the world's largest; a scientific crime-detection laboratory; and the FBI National Academy. In the early 1930s the exploits of gangsters in the United States were receiving worldwide publicity. Hoover publicized the achievements of the FBI in tracking down and capturing well-known criminals. Both the FBI's size and its responsibilities grew steadily under his management. In the late 1930s President Franklin D. Roosevelt gave him the task of investigating both foreign espionage in the United States and the activities of communists and fascists. When the Cold War began in the late 1940s, the FBI undertook the intensive surveillance of communists and other left-wing activists in the United States. Hoover's animus toward radicals of every kind led him to aggressively investigate both the Ku Klux Klan and black activists in the 1960s. [Ku Klux Klan is a secret American political organization of Protestant white men who oppose people of other races or religions.] At the same ..time, he maintained a hands-off policy toward the Mafia, which __was allowed to conduct its operations practically free of FBI interference. Hoover used the FBI's surveillance to collect dam­aging information on politicians throughout the country, and he kept the most scurrilous facts under his own personal control He used his possession of these secret files to maintain himself as the FBI's director and was able to intimidate even sitting presidents by threatening to leak this damaging information about them. By the early 1970s he had come under public criti­cism for his authoritarian administration of the FBI and for his persecution of those he regarded as radicals. He retained his post, however, until his death at age 77, by which time he had been the FBI's chief for 48 years and had served 8 presidents.

Law enforcement –принудительноеприменениезакона; institute - вводить; rigorous ['rigaras] - строгий; exploit [’ekspbit] - подвиг; publicity [pAb'lisiti] - известность; publi­cize ['pAblisaiz] - рекламировать; track down -выслеживать; investigate - расследовать; espionage ['espiana^] - шпионаж;

11ndertake - предпринимать; surveillance [sa:'veilans] -наблюдение; animus ['aenimas] - враждебность; Ku Klux Klan ['ku:klAks'klaen] - ку-клукс-клан; hands off - рукипрочь; scurrilous [’skArilas] - непристойный; intimidate [in'timideit] - запугивать; leak - проговориться, выдать; retain [n'tein] - сохранять.

• Ex. II. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

1) Hoover studied law at London University. 2) Hoover re­ceived degrees as MA and MSc. 3) Hoover reorganized the CIA on a professional basis. 4) Hoover didn’t recruit agents on merit. 5) Hoover established rigid methods of training person­nel. 6) Hoover founded a fingerprint file. 7) His FBI didn’t track down and capture well-known criminals. 8) Hoover inves­tigated the activities of fascists. 9) The FBI didn’t partake in the surveillance of communists. 10) Hoover allowed the Mafia to conduct its operations practically free of FBI intervention. 11) Hoover wasn’t brave enough to use the FBI's surveillance to collect damaging information on politicians. 12) Hoover wasn’t criticized for his persecution of radicals.

• Ex. III. Restore the word order in the following statements.

1. Hoover as director of the FBI effective arm of federal law enforcement built that agency into a highly. 2) Hoover studied Washington University law at George. 3) Hoover degrees as bachelor of laws and as master of laws received. 4) Hoover and rebuilt the FBI on a professional reorganized basis. 5) Hoover agents on merit recruited. 6) Hoover rigorous methods of select­ing and instituted training personnel. 7) Hoover a fingerprint file, which became the world's largest established. 8) Hoover a scientific crime-detection laboratory and the FBI National Academy established. 9) Hoover the FBI's surveillance to col­lect damaging information on politicians used. 10) Hoover the most scurrilous facts under his own personal control kept.

9. Hoover his possession of these secret files to maintain him­self as the FBI's director used. 12) Hoover was to intimidate sitting presidents by threatening to leak this damaging informa­tion about able them. 13) Hoover under public criticism for his authoritarian administration of the FBI came. 14) Hoover under public criticism for his persecution of those he regarded as radi­cals came.

• Ex. IV. Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English.

Государственное должностное лицо; бакалавр; интенсив­ный; наблюдение; враждебность; вмешательство; запуги­вать; угрожать; выдать; магистр; вербовать; заслуга; вво­дить; личный состав; дактилоскопическая картотека; учре­ждение; принудительное применение закона; изучать; пра­во; расследование преступления; подвиг; получать; извест­ность; разрекламировать; достижение; выследить и пой­мать; ответственйость; управление; расследовать; шпио­наж; предпринимать; авторитарный; преследование; слу­жить; сохранять; руководитель; рассматривать; руки прочь.

• Ex. V. Complete the following statements.

1) Hoover was ... 2) Hoover studied ... and received ... 3) He reorganized and rebuilt ... 4) He recruited ... 5) He instituted ... 6) He established ... 7) He publicized ... in ... 8) Hoover's animus toward radicals of every kind led ... 9) He maintained ... 10) Hoover used the FBI's surveillance ... 11) Hoover kept ... 12) Hoover used his secret files ... 13) Hoover had come under ... for ... 14) Hoover retained ...

• Ex. VI. Choose one topic to speak about Edgar Hoover: a) his edu­cation; b) his reorganization of the FBI; c) his animus toward radi­cals; d) his secret files on politicians. Retell the text Edgar Hoover.

UNIT 40

Ex. I. Scan through the text. Work in pairs to question the text and to give answers.

Allan Pinkerton (1819-1884) - Chicago detective and founder of a famous American private detective agency. Pinkerton was the son of a police sergeant. After completing his apprenticeship to a cooper, he emigrated to the United States in 1842 and set­tled in Chicago. Moving the next year to the nearby town of Dundee in Kane County, he set up a cooper's shop there. While cutting wood on a desert island one day, he discovered and later captured a gang of counterfeiters. Following this and other simi­lar achievements, he was appointed deputy sheriff of Cook County in 1846, with- headquarters in Chicago. In 1850 Pinkerton resigned from Chicago's police force in order to or­ganize a private detective agency that specialized in railway • ] theft cases. The Pinkerton National Detective Agency became one of the most famous organizations of its kind. Its successes included capture of the principals in a $700,000 Adams Express Company theft in 1866 and the thwarting of an assassination plot against President-elect ^Lincoln in February 1861 in Balti­more. In 1861, during the Civil War, Pinkerton, under the name E.J. Allen, headed an organization whose purpose was to obtain military information in the Southern states. After the Civil War Pinkerton resumed the management of his detective agency. During the strikes of 1877 the Pinkerton Agency's harsh policy toward labour unions caused it to be severely criticized in la­bour circles, although Pinkerton asserted he was helping work­ingmen by opposing labour unions. Pinkerton published his memoirs Thirty Years a Detective in 1884.

Privatedetective - someonewhocanbeemployedtolookforinformationormissingpeople, ortofollowpeopleandreportonwhattheydo; apprenticeship [a'prenti/ip] - ученичество; cooper ['ku:рэ] - бочар; desertisland ['dezat'ailand] –необитаемыйостров; ['kauntafitaz] - фальшиво­монетчики; ['Jerif]; resign [n'zain] –уходитьвотставку; ['prinsapslz] –главныевиновники; thwart [0WD:t] - воспре­пятствовать; elect - избранный, ноещеневступившийвдолжность; harsh [ha:J"] - жесткий; assert [s'sa:t] - утверждать; memoirs [’memwa:z] - мемуары.

• Ex. II. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

1) Pinkerton founded a private detective agency. 2) Pinkerton was the son of a police lieutenant. 3) Pinkerton completed his apprenticeship to a cooper in 1842. 4) Pinkerton left his own country in order to live in the United States in 1842. 5) Pinker­ton located in New York. 6) Pinkerton set up a cooper's shop in Chicago. 7) Pinkerton found a group of counterfeiters that was hidden on a desert island. 8) Pinkerton couldn’t capture a gang of counterfeiters. 9) Pinkerton was chosen as deputy sheriff.

10. Pinkerton didn’t retire from Chicago's police force. 11) The Pinkerton Detective Agency became the worst organizations of its kind. 12) Pinkerton defeated a secret plan to assassin the President. 13) After the Civil War Pinkerton ceased the management of his detective agency. 14) During the strikes of 1877 the Pinkerton Agency's friendly policy toward labour un­ions was highly appreciated by labour circles. 15) Pinkerton has never written his reminiscences. 16) Pinkerton was the best pri­vate detective in the world.

• Ex. III. Restore the word order in the following statements.

I) Pinkerton the son of a police sergeant was. 2) Pinkerton to ilie US and settled in Chicago after completing his apprentice- ship to a cooper emigrated. 3) Pinkerton up a cooper's shop set. ■I) Pinkerton and later captured a gang of counterfeiters discov­ered. 5) Pinkerton a private detective agency that specialized in Kiilway theft cases organized. 6) The Pinkerton National Detec-

1. ivc Agency one of the most famous organizations of its kind became. 7) Pinkerton his memoirs published.

• Ex. IV. Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English.

Сыщик; железная дорога; заместитель; необитаемый ост­ров; уходить в отставку; ученичество; назначать; округ; со­седний; шайка; в то время как; открывать; специализиро­ваться; основать; штаб-квартира; сержант; полиция; завер­шать; бондарь; захватить; поселиться; переезжать; мастер­ская; рубить лес; включать; достижение; успех; исполни­тель преступления; шериф; кража; организовать; заговор; политическое убийство; возобновлять; возглавлять; цель; воспрепятствовать совершению; находиться в оппозиции;открыть (дело); переселяться; обнаружить; фальшивомо­нетчик; частное сыскное агентство; жесткий; утверждать; мемуары.

• Ex. V. Complete the following statements.

1. Allan Pinkerton was ... 2) Pinkerton was the son of ... 3) He emigrated to ... and settled in ... after ... 4) He set up ... 5) He discovered and captured ... while ... 6) He was appointed ...

6. Pinkerton resigned ... in order to ... 8) His private detective agency specialized in ... 9) His private detective agency be­came ... 10) Pinkerton captured ... in 1866. 11) Pinkerton thwarted ... in February 1861. 12) Pinkerton headed ... during the Civil War. 13) Pinkerton resumed ... after the Civil War.

13. Pinkerton published ...

• Ex. VI. Choose one topic to speak about Pinkerton a) his parents and his apprenticeship; b) his achievements on a desert island; c) his Agency's successes; d) his Agency's harsh policy toward labour unions. Retell the text Allan Pinkerton.

UNIT 41 I

• Ex. I. Scan through the text. Work in pairs to question the text and to give answers.

Francois-Eugene Vidocq (1775-1857). A venturesome, some­times rash youth, Vidocq had bright beginnings in the army, fighting in the Battles of Valmy and Jemappes in 1792. After having Jgent several periods in prison, mostly for petty of­fenses, "and^h^ving tried his hand at a number of trades, Vidocq approached the police and offered to use his knowledge of the criminal world in exchange for his freedom. The police agreed, and Vidocq founded the police de surete (“security police”) in 1810 and became its chief. A convict-and a daredevil jail- breaker, Vidocq ran the Surete with the philosophy that to know and capture criminals one had to be a criminal oneself. His ex­perience of life among thieves contributed to the effectiveness of his organization. Vidocq directed a network of spies and in­formers in a war against crime that was completely successful. His knowledge of the underworld and his reliance on criminals to catch criminals were the reasons for his success. In 1817, with only 12 full-time assistants, he was responsible for more than 800 arrests. He resigned in 1827 to start a paper and card- ‘ board' mill, where he employed former convicts. The business was a failure, and he again became chief of the detective de­partment. Dismissed in 1832 for a theft that he allegedly organ­ized, Vidocq created a private police agency, the prototype of modern detective agencies. It was, however, soon suppressed by the authorities. Known all over France as a remarkably auda­cious (brave and shocking) man, Vidocq was a friend of such authors as Victor Hugo, Honore de Balzac, Eugene Sue, and Alexandre Dumas pere. Several works were published under Vidocq's name, but it is doubtful that he wrote any of them. The figure of Vidocq is believed to have inspired Balzac's creation of the criminal genius Vautrin, one of the most vivid characters to appear in his The Human Comedy.

Security police –полициябезопасности; venturesome [’vent/asam] –идущийнариск(always ready to take risks); rash - неосторожный; youth - юноша; convict ['kpnvikt] - осужденный; каторжник; dare-devil ['deadeval] - сорви­голова; jail-breaker - заключенный, бежавшийизтюрьмы; approach the police –обратитьсявполицию; run - руко­водить; underworld –преступныймир; reliance [ri'laians] - опора; resign [n'zain] –уходитьвотставку; cardboard mill –картоннаяфабрика; dismiss - увольнять; allegedly [a'ledsidli] - якобы; audacious [Di'deiJas] - дерзкий.

• Ex. II. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

1) Vidocq tried to become rich and socially important using dishonest and immoral methods. 2) Vidocq created the security police in England. 3) Vidocq was always ready to take- risks.

4. Vidocq sometimes did something too quickly, without think­ing carefully about whether it was sensible or not. 5) People called Vidocq a coward because he would not fight. 6) Vidocq spent many years in prison for serious crimes. 7) Vidocq’s war against crime was completely unfortunate. 8) Vidocq is some­one who enjoys adventure.

• Ex. III. Restore the word order in the following statements.

1. Vidocq a venturesome rash youth was. 2) Vidocq always ready to take risks was. 3) Vidocq several spent periods in prison for petty offenses. 4) Vidocq his hand at a number of trades tried. 5) Vidocq his services to the state and created a new police department offered. 8) Vidocq's experience of life among thieves to the effectiveness of the security contributed police in France. 9) Vidocq a convict and a daredevil jailbreaker was. 10) Vidocq the police and offered to use his knowledge ol the criminal world in exchange for his freedom approached.

2. Vidocq chief of the criminal police became. 12) Vidocq tin* 148 security police ran in France with the philosophy that to know and capture criminals one had to be a criminal oneself.

13. Vidocq a network of spies and informers in a war against crime directed. 14) Vidocq's war against crime completely suc­cessful was. 15) Vidocq's knowledge of the underworld the rea­son for his success was. 16) Vidocq’s reliance on criminals to catch criminals the reason for his success was.

• Ex. IV. Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English.

Полиция безопасности; причина успеха; захват преступни­ков; идущий на риск; неосторожный; каторжник; сорвиго­лова; заключенный, в обмен на свободу; бежавший из тюрьмы; обратиться в полицию; руководить полицией безопасности; преступный мир; опора на преступников; уходить в отставку; увольнять; дерзкий; сеть шпионов и информаторов; знание уголовного мира.

• Ex. V. Complete the following statements.

1. Vidocq had bright beginnings in ... 2) Vidocq spent ...

3. Vidocq tried his hand at ... 4) Vidocq approached ... and offered ... 5) Vidocq founded ... and became ... 6) Vidocq ran ...7) Vidocq’s experience of life among thieves contributed ...

6. Vidocq directed ... 9) Vidocq’s knowledge of ... and his re­liance on ... were ... 10) Vidocq was responsible for ...

2. Vidocq resigned in ... to start ... where he employed ...

9. Vidocq was dismissed for ... 13) Vidocq created ...

13. Vidocq was known as ... 15) Vidocq was a friend of ... 16) The figure of Vidocq is believed to have inspired ...

• Ex. VI. Choose one topic to speak about Vidocq: a) his character; b) his friends; c) his career. Retell the text Francois-Eugene Vidocq.

CHAPTER XI

MAFIA AND ITS MAFIOSI

UNIT 42

• Ex. I. Scan through the text. Work in pairs to question the text and to give answers.

Mafia is a large organised group of criminals who control many illegal activities especially in Italy and the US. In the United States, the organization had adopted the name Cosa Nostra (“Our Affair”). The Mafia arose in Sicily during the Middle Ages, where it possibly began as a secret organization dedicated to overthrowing the rule of the various foreign conquerors of the island. The Mafia owed its origins and drew its members from the many small private armies, or mafie, that were hired by absentee landlords to protect their landed estates from ban­dits: During the 18th and 19th centuries, the energetic ruffians in these private armies organized themselves and grew so pow­erful that they turned against the landowners and became the sole law on many of the estates, extorting money from the land­owners in return for protecting the latter's crops. The Mafia’s moral code was based on omerta—i.e., the obligation never, under any circumstances, to apply for justice to the legal au­thorities and never to assist in any way in the detection of crimes committed against others. *The right to avenge wrongs was reserved for the victims and their families, and to break the code of silence was to incur reprisals from the Mafia. By aboul 1900 the various Mafia “families” controlled most of the eco­nomic activities in their respective localities. In the early 1920s Benito Mussolini came close to eliminating the Mafia by arrest ing and trying thousands of suspected mafiosi and sentencing them to long jail terms. Following World War II, the American occupation authorities released many of the mafiosi from prison, and these men proceeded to revive the organization. The Mafia's activities henceforth were directed more to industry, business, and construction, as well as the traditional extortion and smuggling. During the late 1970s the Mafia in Palermo be­came deeply involved in the refining and transportation of her­oin for the United States. The enormous profits sparked fierce competition between various clans within the Mafia, and the resulting spate of murders led to a lot of trials in 1987.

Owe [эи] –бытьобязанным; origin - происхождение; ab­sentee [aebssn'ti:] landlord - землевладелец, живущийвнесвоегоимения; estate - имение; ruffian [’глЛэп] - головорез, бандит; extort [iks'tDit] - вымогать; omerta –круговаяпорука; justice [’d3Astis] - правосудие; crime de­tection –раскрытиепреступления; avenge [a'vend3l - отомстить; wrong - зло; incur [in'ka:] –навлечьнасебя; re­prisals [ri'praizalz] - репрессалии; eliminate [I'limineit] - уничтожать; henceforth ['hens'fD:0] –сэтоговремени; re­fine [ri'fain] - очищать; повышатькачество; heroin ['herauin] - героин; enormous [i'n:):mas] - громадный; spark - побуждать; various [’vearias] - различный; spate [speit] - поток.

• Ex. II. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

I) The Mafia governs many legal activities. 2>The Mafia came into existence in Sicily. 3) The Mafia dedicated itself to chari­ties. 4) The Mafia wa*s employed by absentee landlords to pro­tect their landed estates from flying insects. 5») The Mafia be- earne the sole law in Sicily. 6) The Mafia usually applied for justice to the legal authorities. 7) The Mafia usually facilitated in the detection of crimes. 8) The Mafia's members usually broke the code of silence. 9) Mussolini acquitted thousands of suspected mafiosi sentenced to long jail terms. 10) The Mafia's activities were not directed to business. 11 JThe Mafia's practice was not addressed to extortion and smuggling’ 12) The Mafia wasn’t engaged in the transportation of heroin.

• Ex. III. Restore the word order in the following statements.

1) Mafia is organised group a large of criminals. 2) Mafia many illegal activities controls. 3) The Mafia’s moral on the obliga­tion never to apply for justice to the legal code was based au­thorities. 4) The Mafia’s moral code was based on the in the detection of crimes obligation never to assist. 5) The right to avenge wrongs for the victims was reserved. 6) To was break the code of silence to incur reprisals from the Mafia. 7) The Mafia's activities to business and construction were directed.

7. The Mafia's activities to extortion and smuggling were di­rected. 9) The Mafia's activities for the US were directed to the transportation of heroin.

• Ex. IV. Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English.

Посвятивший себя; свергнуть; иностранный завоеватель; нанимать; защищать; бандит; энергичный; мощный; орга­низованный; преступник; противозаконная деятельность; принимать имя; возникать; секретная организация; обстоя­тельства; обращаться к; быть обязанным; землевладелец, живущий вне своего имения; головорез; вымогать; круговая порука; правосудие; раскрытие преступления; отомстить; зло; навлечь на себя; репрессалии; уничтожать; с этого времени; очищать; громадный; побуждать; различный; единственный; в обмен на; нравственные нормы; обяза­тельство; поток.1) Mafiais ... 2) IntheUnitedStates, theMafiaadopted ...

3. The Mafia arose in ... 4) The Mafia began as ... 5) The Ma­fia owed ... and drew ... 6) The Mafia became ... 7) The Mafia extorted ... 8) The Mafia’s moral code was based on ... 9) The right to avenge wrongs was reserved for ... 10) To break the code of silence was ... 11) By 1900 the Mafia controlled ...

12. Benito Mussolini came close to ... 13) The Mafia's activi­ties were directed to ... 14) The Mafia in Palermo became ...

13. The Mafia's profits sparked ...

• Ex. VI. Choose one topic to speak about Mafia: a) its origins and its members; b) its moral code; c) its activities; d) its relation with Mussolini and the American occupation authorities. Retell the text Mafia.

UNIT 43

• Ex. I. Scan through the text. Work in pairs to question the text and to give answers.

AI Capone (1899-1947) - the most famous American gangster, who dominated organized crime in Chicago from 1925 to 1931. ( apone’s parents immigrated to the United States from Naples in 1893; Al, the fourth of nine children, quit school in Brooklyn alter the sixth grade and joined Johnny Torrio’s gang. In a silly quarrel in a brothel-saloon, a young hoodlum slashed Capone with a knife or razor across his left cheek, prompting the later nickname “Scarface.” Torrio moved from New York to Chicago in 1909 to help run the brothel business there and, in 1919, sent for Capone. It was either Capone or Frankie Yale who assassi- alal Torrio’s boss, Big Jim Colosimo, in 1920, making way for orrio's rule. As Prohibition began, new bootlegging operationsopened up and brought a lot of money. [Prohibition is the pe­riod from 1919 to 1933 in the US when the production and sale of alcoholic drinks was forbidden by law. Bootlegging is ille­gally making or selling alcohol.] In 1925 Torrio retired, and Capone became crime czar of Chicago, running gambling, pros­titution, and bootlegging. He expanded his territories by the gunning down of rivals and rival gangs. His wealth in 1927 was. estimated at close to $100,000,000. The most notorious of the' bloodlettings was the St. Valentine's Day Massacre on Feb. 14, 1929. Disguising themselves as policemen, members of the A1 Capone gang entered a garage at 2122 North Clark Street, lined their opponents up against a wall, and machine-gunned them in cold blood. In June 1931 Capone was indicted for income-tax evasion and in October was tried, found guilty, and sentenced to

11. years in prison and $80,000 in fines and court costs. He en­tered Atlanta penitentiary in May 1932 but was transferred to the new Alcatraz prison in August 1934. In November 1939, suffering from the late stage of syphilis, he was released and entered a Baltimore hospital. Later he retired to his Florida es­tate, where he died in 1947, a powerless recluse.

Dominate ['dumineit] - господствовать; organized crime –организованнаяпреступность; quit [kwit] - бросать(quit / quitted; quitting); grade [greid] - класс; quarrel ['к\логэ1] - ссора; brothel ['bnOI] –публичныйдом; saloon [sa'lum] - салон; hoodlum ['hudlam] - хулиган; slash [slaej] - исполосовать; razor [’reiza] - бритва; prompt - подска­зывать; scar [ska:] - шрам; open up - сделатьсядоступным; retire [ri'taia] - уходитьвотставку; удаляться; czar Jza:] - царь; run - руководить; gun [длп] - стрелять; rival [’raival] - соперник; notorious –печальноизвестный; пресловутый; bloodletting - кровопролитие; massacre ['maesska] - резня; disguise [dis'gaiz] - переодевать; garage ['дэ'га:з] - гараж; cold blood - хладнокровие; indict [in'dait] –предъявлятьобвинение; evasion [iVeigan] - уклонение; try - судить,

find guilty –признатьвиновным; sentence - приговорить; fine - штраф; court costs –судебныеиздержки; peni­tentiary [peni'tenjari] - тюрьма; transfer [traens'fa:] - переводить; suffer from –страдатьот; syphilis [’sifilis] - сифилис; release [ri'li:s] -освобождать; powerless [’paualis] - бессильный; recluse [ri'klu:s] - затворник.

• Ex. II. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

1) Capone was the most famous American actor. 2) Capone dominated organized crime in Palermo. 3) Capone's parents immigrated to England in 1931. 4) Capone was the first of nine children. 5) A young hooligan cut Capone with a sword across his right cheek. 6) Capone ran a loan business in Chicago in 1919. 7) In 1920 Capone murdered one of his bosses acciden­tally. 8) In 1921 Capone became crime czar of Chicago. 9) Ca­pone didn’t run gambling arid bootlegging. 10) Capone kept company with his rival gangs. 11) Capone became bankrupt in 1927. 12) Capone used to kill his rivals in cold blood. 13) Ca­pone was tried and sentenced to 19 years in prison. 14) Capone suffered from megalomania. 15) Capone died of starvation.

• Ex. III. Restore the word order in the following statements.

1) Capone the most famous American gangster was. 2) Capone organized crime in Chicago dominated. 3) Capone's parents to the US from Naples immigrated. 4) Capone became school and quit a member of a criminal gang. 5) A young hoodlum Capone with a knife across his left cheek slashed. 6) Capone crime czar of Chicago became. 7) Capone gambling and bootlegging ran. X) Capone his territories by the gunning down of rivals and rival j’.angs expanded. 9) Capone for income-tax evasion was in­dicted. 10) Capone tried was and found guilty. 11) Capone to 11 years in prison was sentenced.

• Ex. IV. Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English.

Подсказывать; шрам; сделаться доступным; уходить в от­ставку; удаляться; руководить; стрелять; господствовать; организованная преступность; бросать; класс; ссора; хули­ган; исполосовать; бритва; уклонение; судить; признать ви­новным; приговорить; штраф; судебные издержки; тюрьма; соперник; пресловутый; кровопролитие; резня; переоде­вать; хладнокровие; предъявлять обвинение; затворник.

• Ex. V. Complete the following statements.

1. A1 Capone was ... 2) Capone dominated ... 3) Capone's par­ents immigrated to ... 4) Capone quit ... and joined ... 5) ... slashed Capone with ... 6) Capone assassinated ... making way for ... 7) Capone became ... and ran ... 8) Capone expanded ...

7. Capone's wealth was estimated ... 10) Capone was indicted for ... and sentenced to ... 11) Capone suffered from ...

12. Capone retired to ... 13) Capone died in ...

• Ex. VI. Choose one topic to speak about Al Capone: a) his family and his youth; b) his help to his boss; c) his activities and his crimi­nal status in Chicago; d) his life since June 1931. Retell the textAl Capone.

UNIT 44 I

• Ex. I. Scan through the text. Work in pairs to question the text and to give answers.

Lucky Luciano (1896-1962) - the most powerful chief of American organized crime in the early 1930s and a major infill ence even from prison, 1936-45, and after deportation to Italy in 1946. [To deport means to make someone who is not a citi zen of a particular country leave that country, especially be­cause they do not have a legal right to stay.] Luciano immi­grated with-his parents from Sicily to New York City in 1906 and, at the age of 10, was already involved in mugging, shop­lifting, and extortion. [Mugging is an attack on someone in which they are robbed in a public place. Shoplifting is the crime of stealing things from shops, for example by hiding them in your bag, or under your clothes. To extort means to illegally force someone to give you money by threatening them.] In 1916 he spent six months in jail for selling heroin. He earned his nickname “Lucky” for success at eVading arrest and winning craps games. In 1920 he directed bootlegging, prostitution, nar­cotics distribution, and protection racket. [Bootlegging is ille­gally making or selling alcohol. Protection racket is a system in which criminals demand money from you to stop them from damaging your property.] In October 1929 he was abducted by four men in a car, beaten, stabbed repeatedly with an ice pick, had his throat slit from ear to ear, and was left for dead on a beach—but survived. Lucky Luciano never named his abduc­tors. He took an active part in the bloody gang war of 1930-31. By 1934 Luciano had become capo di tutti capi (“boss of all the bosses”). Then, in 1935, New York special prosecutor Thomas E. Dewey bore down on Luciano, gathering evidence of his brothel and call-girl empire. In 1936 he was indicted, tried, convicted and sentenced for a 50-year term. From his prison c ell Luciano continued to rule and issue orders. In 1946 his sen­tence was commuted and he was deported to Italy, where he settled in Rome. In Naples, Lucky Luciano continued to direct the drug traffic into the United States and. the smuggling of for­eigners to America. [Smuggling is the crime of taking things illegally from one country to another.] Lucky Luciano died of a heart attack in Naples in 1962.

Iп11 uence –факторвлияния; mug –грабитьнаулице; •.hoplifting –кражавмагазине; extortion [iks'tD:/эп] - вымогательство; extort [iks'tDit] –совершитьвымогательство; iail [d^eill - тюрьма; roin ['herauin] - героин; earn[э:п] - заработать; lucky - счастливчик; evade [i'veid] arrest –ускользнутьиз-подареста; craps [krseps] –азартнаяигравкости; bootlegging - бутлегерство; abduct [seb'dAkt] –насильноувозить; ice pick - a sharp tool used for cutting or breaking ice; slit –разрезатьвдлину; leave for dead - оставить, принявзамертвого; abductor [aeb'dAkta] похититель; bear down - нападать; brothel [Ъп01] –публичныйдом; indict [in'dait] –предъявлятьобвинение; try - судить; convict [ksn'vikt] –признатьвиновным; sen- tence - приговорить; commute [ka'mjuit] –смягчатьнаказание.

• Ex. II. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

1. Luciano was the most powerful chief of French organized crime. 2) Luciano immigrated with his friends from Palermo to Chicago in 1910. 3) At the age of 6 Luciano participated in ex­tortion. 4) Luciano ^spent ten months in jail for selling mor­phine. 5) Luciano deserved his alias for success at evading ar­rest. 6) Luciano was good at craps games. 7) Luciano made and sold alcohol illegally. 8) Luciano didn’t take an active part in bloody gang wars. 9) Luciano was sentenced for a 10-year term. 10) From his prison cell Luciano wrote letters to his parents.

2. In 1946 his punishment was mitigated. 12) Luciano was deported to France, where he settled in Paris. 13) Luciano died of tuberculosis in Paris in 1972.

• Ex. III. Restore the word order in the following statements.

1) Luciano the most powerful chief of American organized crime was. 2) Luciano with his parents from Sicily to New York City immigrated. 3) Luciano was in mugging and extortion in­volved. 4) Luciano six months in jail for selling heroin spent.

4. Luciano bootlegging and protection racket directed.

5. Luciano an active part in the bloody gang war of 1930-31 took. 7) Luciano was for a 50-year term sentenced. 8) From his prison cell Luciano to rule and issue orders continued. 9) Lu ciano of a heart attack in 1962 died.

• Ex. IV. Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English.

Шеф; иммигрировать; вовлекать; красть; преступление; прятать; проводить время; продавать героин; прозвище; успех; одержать победу; сбыт наркотиков; требовать; при­чинять повреждения собственности; нанести удар колю­щим оружием; остаться в живых; кровавый; война гангсте­ров; обвинитель; собирать свидетельские показания; фак­тор влияния; грабить на улице; кража в магазине; вымога­тельство; тюрьма; заработать; счастливчик; ускользнуть из- под ареста;бутлегерство; насильно увозить; оставить, при­няв за мертвого; похититель; нападать; предъявлять обви­нение; судить; признать виновным; организованная пре­ступность; приговорить; высылка; смягчать наказание.

• Ex. V. Complete the following statements.

1) Lucky Luciano was ... 2) Luciano immigrated ... 3) At the age of 10, Luciano was involved in ... 4) In 1916 Luciano spent ...5) Luciano earned his nickname for ... 6) In 1920 Luciano directed ... 7) In 1929 Luciano was abducted ... but survived.

8. Luciano never named ... 9) Luciano took an active part in ... 10) By 1934 Luciano had become ... 11) In 1936 Luciano was ... and sentenced for ... 12) From his prison cell Luciano con­tinued ... 13) In 1946 his sentence was ... and he was deported id ... 14) ... continued to direct the drug traffic into the United States and the smuggling of foreigners to America. 15) Luciano died of...

• Ex. VI. Choose one topic to speak about Lucky Luciano: a) his youth; b) his nickname; c) his criminal activities in the US; d) his induction; e) his life since 1936 and his death. Retell the text l ucky Luciano.

UNIT 45

• Ex. I. Scan through the text. Work in pairs to question the text and to give answers.

Joseph Valachi (1903-1971) - American gangster, member of Lucky Luciano's mob family, who turned informer in 1962. [In­former is someone who is involved in a criminal organization, but who secretly tells the police about its activities in return for money.] Valachi held a rank in the Mafia equivalent to that of a sergeant. In 1959 Valachi was convicted of narcotics violations and sentenced to 20 years in prison. In June 1962, in the federal prison at Atlanta, crime boss Vito Genovese, a fellow inmate, suspecting him (incorrectly) of having become an informer, gave him the kiss of death (a sign that he was to be killed). Valachi panicked, killed a fellow prisoner who he mistakenly thought was his assassin, and, in revenge against the death threat, told all to the U.S. Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, the FBI, and the Justice Department. [Federal Bureau of Investigation is the police department in the US that is con­trolled by the central government, and is concerned with crimes in more than one state.] Valachi was the first Mafia's member ever to describe its history, membership, and inner workings. Robert Kennedy called his testimony the “biggest breakthrough in fighting against organized crime and racketeering in the United States.” [Robert Kennedy is the then U.S. attorney gen­eral and adviser during the administration of his brother Presi­dent John Kennedy. Attorney general is the chief lawyer of the government in the US.] Investigations, indictments, and convic­tions followed Valachi's testimony. His memoirs were pub­lished as The Valachi Papers in 1968.

The Mob = the mafia; sergeant [’savant] - сержант; convict [kan'vikt] - признатьвиновным; narcotics - наркотики; drug violation - нарушениезаконодательстваонаркотиках; sentence - приговорить; crime boss - боссгангстеров; fel­low inmate [’inmeit] - сокамерник; suspect [sss’pekt] - подозревать; incorrectly [inka'rektli] - неправильно; panic- panicked-panicked (panicking) - паниковать; fellow pri­soner - созаключенный; mistakenly [mis'teikanli] -оши­бочно; assassin fe'saesin] - наемныйубийца; in revenue [ri'vend3] - вотместку; threat [0ret] - угроза; dangerous drug - опасныйнаркотик; the FBI = Federal Bureau of Inves­tigation; Department of Justice - министерствоюстиции; testimony ['testimani] - свидетельскиепоказания; break­through ['breik'Gru:] - крупноедостижение, прорыв; rack­eteering [raeki'tiarir)] - вымогательство; investigation - расследование, дознание; indictment [in'daitmant] - обвинительныйакт; conviction [kan'vikjan] - осуждение, признаниевиновным; memoirs [’memwa:z] - мемуары.

• Ex. II. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

1) Valachi was born in 1905. 2) Valachi died of the pricks of conscience in 1969. 3) Valachi served the Mafia, but secretly told the police about its activities in return for money.

3. Valachi held a rank in the Mafia equivalent to that of a crime boss. 5) Valachi was convicted of traffic offence and sentenced to 20 years in prison. 6) In June 1962, Valachi broke the federal jail in Atlanta. 7) His fellow inmate suspected Valachi of hav­ing become an informer. 8) Valachi was given the kiss of death.

8. Valachi was given a sign that he was to be disincarcenated.

9. Valachi was calm in the presence of danger. 11) Valachi forgave his fellow prisoner who he thought was his assassin.

12. In revenge, Valachi told nothing to the FBI. 13) Valachi was the first Mafia's member ever to conceal its history, mem­bership, and inner workings. 14) Investigations, indictments, and convictions preceded Valachi's testimony. 15)Valachi's testimony failed to help in fighting against organized crime and racketeering in the United States. 16) Valachi's memoirs were published in 1986.

• Ex. III. Restore the word order in the following statements.

1) Valachi a rank in the Mafia equivalent to that of a sergeant held. 2) Valachi of narcotics violations was convicted. 3) Vala­chi to 20 years in prison was sentenced. 4) Valachi of having become an informer was suspected. 5) Valachi panicked and his fellow prisoner killed. 6) Valachi mistakenly that his fellow inmate was his assassin thought. 7) Valachi all about the Mafia to the FBI in revenge against the death threat told. 8) Valachi the first Mafia’s member ever to describe its history and mem­bership was.

• Ex. IV. Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English.

Следовать за; дознание; обвинительный акт; признание ви­новным; босс гангстеров; сокамерник; подозревать; непра­вильно; созаключенный; ошибочно; наемный убийца; в от­местку; угроза; признать виновным; нарушение законода­тельства о наркотиках; приговорить; опасный наркотик; министерство юстиции; свидетельские показания; прорыв; вымогательство; мемуары.

• Ex. V. Complete the following statements.

1) Joseph Valachi was ... 2) Valachi turned ... 3) Valachi held ... 4) Valachi was convicted of ... and sentenced to ... 5) Vala­chi was suspected of... 6) Valachi was given a sign ... 7) Vala­chi mistakenly thought ... 8) Valachi panicked and killed ...

6. Valachi told all to ... 10) Valachi was the first ... 11) Vala­chi's testimony was called ... 12) ... followed Valachi's testi mony. 13) Valachi's memoirs were published as ...

• Ex.VI. Choose one topic to speak about Joseph Valachi: a) his status and criminal activities in the Mafia; b) his deeds in the fedeml prison at Atlanta; c) his testimony. Retell the text Joseph Valachi.