1) Theft is ... 2) The crime of grand larceny consists of ...

The traditional definition of theft specified ... 4) This inten­tion to commit the theft does not ... 5) Modern forms of prop­erty may not be ... 6) Theft means taking ... 7) Fraud means obtaining ... 8) Theft and fraud are rarely regarded as ...

• Burglary is ... 10) The essence of burglary is ... 11) Entry without the intent to commit a crime is ... 12) Robbery is ... 13) Robbery involves ... 14) Robbery takes ...

Ex. VI. Choose one topic to speak about a) theft; b) fraud; c) bur­glary; d) robbery. Retell the text Theft.

• Ex. I. Scan through the text. Work in pairs to answer the questions that follow.

Organized crime.In addition to that segment of the population made up of individual criminals acting independently or in small groups, there exists a so-called underworld of criminal organizations engaged in offenses such as organized vice (drugs, prostitution, pornography, loan-sharking, gambling), cargo theft, fraud, robbery, kidnapping for ransom, and the de­manding of “protection” payments. [Loan-sharking is lending money at extremely high rates of interest.] In the United States and Canada, the principal source of income for organized crime is the supply of goods and services that are illegal but for which there is continued public demand. Organized crime in the United States is a set of shifting coalitions between groups of gangsters, business people, politicians, and union leaders. Many of these people have legitimate jobs and sources of income. In Britain groups of organized criminals have not developed in this way, principally because the supply and consumption of alcohol and opiates (a type of drug that contains opium and makes you want to sleep), gambling, and prostitution remain legal but partly regulated. This reduces the profitability of supplying such demands criminally. British crime organizations tend to be rela­tively short-term groups drawn together for specific projects, such as fraud and armed robbery, from a pool of professional criminals. Crime syndicates in Australia deal with narcotics, cargo theft and racketeering. [Syndicate is a group of people or companies who join together in order to achieve a particular aim. Racketeering is a dishonest way of obtaining money, such as by threatening people.] In Japan, there are gangs that special­ize in vice and extortion. In many Third World countries, apart from the drug trade, the principal form of organized crime is black-marketeering, including smuggling and corruption in the granting of licenses to import goods and to export foreign ex­

change. Armed robbery, cattle theft, and maritime piracy and fraud are organized crime activities in which politicians have less complicity. Robbery is particularly popular and easy be­cause of the availability of arms supplied to nationalist move­ments by those who seek political destabilization of their own or other states, and who may therefore exploit the dissatisfac­tion of ethnic and tribal groups.

Underworld –преступноеподполье; organized vice - экс­плуатацияпорокаорганизованнымипреступниками; por­nography [рэ:’подгэЛ] - порнография; loan-sharking - ган­гстерскоеростовщичество; ransom ['raensam] - выкуп; con­tinued - непрерывный; shifting - меняющийся; coalition - союз; legitimate [Ii'd3itimit] - легальный; alcohol ['aelkahol]; opiate ['aupiit / eit] –снотворноесредство; pool –общийфонд; crime syndicate ['sindikit] –преступныйсиндикат; narcotics [na:'kDtiks]; racketeering [raeki'tiarir]] / extortion [iks'tD:Jэп] - вымогательство; black-marketeering - спеку­ляцияначёрномрынке; foreign exchange –иностраннаявалюта; maritime ['maeritaim] - морской; piracy ['paiarasi] - пиратство; complicity [kam'plisiti] - соучастие; availability - наличие; destabilization [di:steibilai'zei/an]; exploit [iks'pbit] - эксплуатировать; tribal - племенной; usury ['ju: зэп] - ростовщичество.

1) What is organized crime engaged in? 2) What is organized crime in the US and Canada? 3) What do British crime organi­zations deal with? 4) Crime syndicates in Australia deal with narcotics, cargo theft and racketeering, don’t they? 5) Do Japa­nese gangs specialize in vice and extortion? 6) What is organ­ized crime in many Third World countries?

• Ex. II. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

1) Individual criminals are interdependent. 2) Individual criminals operate in small groups. 3) Criminal organizations are en­gaged in usury. 4) Criminal organizations are engaged in legal gambling and illegal gambling. 5) The principal source of in­come for organized crime is the supply of legal goods. 5) Many gangsters have illegitimate jobs and sources of income.

• Crime syndicates deal with toyshops. 7) Criminal organiza­tions specialize in virtue. 8) The principal form of organized crime is persuasion. 9) Organized crime includes courage and modesty. 10) Charity and mercy are organized crime activities.

3. Ex. III. Restore the word order in the following statements.

1) Individual act criminals independently. 2) Individual crimi­nals in small groups act. 3) Criminal organizations are in loan­sharking engaged. 4) Criminal are organizations engaged in gambling. 5) The principal source is of income for organized crime the supply of illegal goods. 5) Many gangsters legitimate jobs and sources of income have. 6) Crime syndicates with nar­cotics deal. 7) Criminal organizations in vice specialize. 8) The principal is form of organized crime black-marketeering. 9) Or­ganized crime smuggling and corruption includes. 10) Armed robbery are and maritime piracy organized crime activities.

3. Ex. IV. Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English.

Взаимозависимый; эксплуатировать; союз; снотворное средст­во; общий фонд; легальный; алкоголь; наркотик; дестаби­лизация; ростовщичество; убеждение; отвага; скромность; благотворительность; милосердие; преступное подполье; эксплуатация порока организованными преступниками; порнография; гангстерское ростовщичество; выкуп; непре­рывный; меняющийся; преступный синдикат; вымогатель­ство; спекуляция на чёрном рынке; иностранная валюта; морское пиратство; соучастие; наличие; племенной.

3. Ex. V. Complete the following statements.

1) Individual criminals act... 2) Criminal organizations are en­gaged in ... 3) The principal source of income for organizedcrime is ... 4) Organized crime is a set of ... 5) Many gangsters have legitimate ... 6) Some groups of organized criminals have not developed ... 7) Some crime organizations tend to be ...

• Crime syndicates deal with ... 9) There are gangs that spe­cialize ... 10) The principal form of organized crime is ... in­cluding ... 11) Politicians have less complicity in ... 12) Rob­bery is ...

3. Ex. VI. Choose one topic to speak about a) organized crime in the US; b) organized crime in Britain; c) organized crime in Australia and Japan; d) organized crime in Third World countries. Retell the text Organized crime.

UNIT 11

3. Ex. I. Scan through the text. Work in pairs to answer the questions that follow.

White-collar crime.Crimes committed by business people, professionals, and politicians in the course of their occupation are known as “white-collar” crimes, after the typical attire of their perpetrators. Criminologists tend to restrict the term to those illegal actions intended by the perpetrators principally to further the aims of their organizations rather than to make money for themselves personally. Examples include conspiring with other corporations to fix prices of goods or services in or­der to make artificially high profits or to drive a particular com­petitor out of the market; bribing officials or falsifying reports of tests on pharmaceutical products to obtain manufacturing licenses; and constructing buildings or roads with cheap, defec­tive materials. The cost of corporate crime in the United States has been estimated at $200,000,000,000 a year. Such crimes have a huge impact upon the safety of workers, consumers, and the environment, but they are seldom detected. Compared with crimes committed by juveniles or the poor, corporate crimes are very rarely prosecuted in the criminal courts, and executives seldom go to jail, though companies may pay large fines. The term white-collar crime is used in another sense, by the public and academics, to describe fraud and embezzlement. Rather than being crime “by the firm, for the firm,” this constitutes crime for profit by the individual against the organization, the public, or the government. Tax fraud, for example, costs at least 5 percent of the gross national product in most developed coun­tries. Because of the concealed nature of many frauds and the fact that few are reported even when discovered, the cost is im­possible to estimate precisely. The economic cost of white- collar crime in most industrial societies is thought to be much greater than the combined cost of larceny, burglary, auto theft, forgery, and robbery.

White-collar crime –беловоротничковоепреступление (преступнаямахинация, совершеннаяслужащимилили­цом, занимающимвысокоеобщественноеположение); at­tire [a'taia] - clothes; perpetrator ['рэ: pitreita] нарушитель; restrict [ris'trikt] - ограничить; intend - наме­реваться; further –способствоватьосуществлению; conspire [kan'spaia] –тайнозамышлять; artificially [a:ti'fijali] - ис­кусственно; competitor [kam'petita] - конкурент; falsify [’b:lsifai] - фальсифицировать; pharmaceutical [fa:ma'sju:tikal] - фармацевтический; corporate ['кэ:рэгй] - корпоративный; impact [’impaekt] - воздействие; detect - обнаруживать; juveniles [’dsuivinailz] - несовершеннолетние; embezzlement [im'bezlmant] –растратаимущества; consti­tute - составлять; conceal - скрывать; larceny ['la:sani] - во­ровство; burglary [Ъэ:д1эп] –ночнаякражасовзломом; forgery ['b:dgari] - подделка; robbery [’гэЬэл] - грабеж.

1) Who commits white-collar crimes? 2) What do criminolo­gists tend to restrict? 3) What are white-collar crimes? 4) What is the cost of corporate crime in the United States? 5) What do these crimes have? 6) Are these crimes detected? 7) Are corporate crimes prosecuted in the criminal courts? 8) Who goes sel­dom to jail? 9) Who may pay large fines? 10) The term white- collar crime is used to describe fraud and embezzlement, isn't it? 11) What is impossible to estimate precisely?

• Ex. II. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

1) Crimes committed by business people are known as capital crimes. 2) The perpetrators intend to push forward the aims of their organizations. 3) The perpetrators intend to make money for themselves personally. 4) The perpetrators conspire with their friends to fix prices of goods in order to make artificially low profits. 5) The perpetrators do their best to drive a particu­lar competitor out of the market. 6) The perpetrators pay money to officials to obtain licenses. 7) The perpetrators fabricate re­ports of tests on pharmaceutical products. 8) The perpetrators construct buildings or roads with too expensive materials.

White-collar crimes have a huge effect upon the safety of workers. 10) White-collar crimes are detected often. 11) White- collar crimes are constantly prosecuted in the criminal courts.

The executives of white-collar crimes never go to jail.

The cost of white-collar crimes is possible to estimate pre­cisely.

Ex. III. Restore the word order in the following statements.

1) Crimes known committed by business people are as white- collar crimes. 2) The perpetrators to further the aims of their organizations intend. 3) The perpetrators intend don’t to make money for themselves personally. 4) The perpetrators with other corporations to fix prices of goods in order to make conspire artificially high profits. 5) The conspire perpetrators with other corporations to drive a particular competitor out of the market.

The perpetrators officials to obtain licenses bribe. 7) The fal­sify perpetrators reports of tests on pharmaceutical products.

8)The construct perpetrators buildings or roads with cheap,defective materials. 9) White-collar crimes a huge impact upon the safety of workers have. 10) White-collar crimes are seldom detected. 11) White-collar prosecuted crimes are rarely in the criminal courts. 12) The go executives of white-collar crimes seldom to jail. 13) The cost is of white-collar crimes impossible to estimate precisely.

• Ex. IV. Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English.

Ограничить; грабеж; намереваться; способствовать осуще­ствлению; тайно замышлять; искусственно; беловоротнич­ковое преступление; нарушитель; конкурент; фальсифици­ровать; фармацевтический; корпоративный; воздействие; обнаруживать; несовершеннолетние; растрата имущества; составлять; скрывать; воровство; ночная кража со взломом; подделка; преступление, караемое смертной казнью.

• Ex. V. Complete the following statements,

1) Crimes committed by professionals in the course of ... are known as ... 2) The perpetrators intend to further ... 3) The perpetrators don’t intend to make ... 4) The perpetrators con­spire with other corporations to fix ... 5) The perpetrators con­spire with other corporations to drive ... 6) The perpetrators bribe ... 7) The perpetrators falsify ... 8) The perpetrators con­struct ... 9) White-collar crimes have a huge impact upon ...

3. White-collar crimes are detected ... 11) White-collar crimes are rarely prosecuted in ... 12) The executives of white-collar crimes seldom go to ... 13) The cost of white-collar crime is thought to be ...

• Ex. VI. Choose one topic to speak about white-collar crime: a) its definition; b) its executives; c) its economic cost. Retell the text White-collar crime.